Clearcutting systems have been the dominating silvicultural approach during the last decades in the Nordic countries. While economically rational, it is also leading to a trivialisation of the flora and fauna, and may result in negative reactions of people in urban settings. As a consequence of this, and a more diversified view on which goods and services forests should deliver, there is an increasing interest in broadening the range of silvicultural methods that are used. The term continuous cover forestry (CCF) represents a suite of methods that have gained increasing interest in the Nordic countries. In CCF a considerable amount of the trees are left after harvest to favour values that require a continuity of tree-covered areas. There are thus hopes that this method will meet the needs for maintaining biodiversity and satisfy social and cultural values.

Detta examensarbete handlar om växtval för trafiknära områden. Dessa områden är problematiska på grund av deras väldigt speciella ståndortsegenskaper. Växterna måste tåla stadsmiljö värmen, torka, sol, kompakt jord, gasutbyte, vind och ett typiskt problem saltpåverkan.Rondeller och refuger ligger ofta vid vägar med mycket trafik och dessa saltas mycket vissa vintrar för halkbekämpning. Därför ställs det stora krav på de växter som planteras i dessa områden. Arterna måste vara anpassade för att tåla luftsalt och marksalt.Rondeller och refuger är också komplexa miljöer att göra växt- och gestaltningsförslag till på grund av trafiksäkerheten.

Several scenarios point toward a future where we are far more people on Earth than today, where most of those people will live in cities and where oil no longer dominates in the transport systems and in agriculture as an energy source and where less energy will be available to us. The report investigates what areas in traditional ecological knowledge that can contribute to the transition that follows a future with less energy and establishes three areas with the potential of becoming important: areaspecific biological knowledge in societies that are more dependent upon its surrounding environment and its natural prerequisitesthe local management of these biological resources, which often means a fair sharing and sustainable handling of the resources and which has been observed in Nobel price awarded Elinor Ostrom?s researchthe world views that lie behind how the environment is considered and managed, world views that can inspire and point toward how we in the future should formulate world views that do not give the destructive modern management of the environment It is also noted that the magnitude of the city living in the future is a historical news and that very little research has been done in how traditional knowledge can be transferred into this kind of living..

Through the different stages of life people have different requirements for their homes. The requirements changes depending on people?s life situation, lifestyleand age. Depending on where people are in life they live in different place, often in areas with other people who are in the same stage of life. In Sweden, this separation has always been noticeable, sometimes more than other.

The aim of this study was to analyze the assessment of the primary school, from the teacher?s perspective. There has been an ongoing discussion regarding assessment and about the purposes of assessment for a long time. But there is a paucity of research on what teachers believe about. This study examined primary teachers? beliefs on major purposes of assessment.Assessment is the process of gathering and interpreting information about students? learning.

Saab Training Systems är ett företag i Saab-koncernen som utvecklar, tillverkar och marknadsför produkter för militär utbildning. Ett av de centrala systemen i företagets produktportfölj är det instrumenterade stridsträningskonceptet GAMER, i vilket soldater kan öva dubbelsidig träning samtidigt som övningsledningen via ett centralt styrsystem kan övervaka och interagera i övningsförloppet.I och med den övergång som skett i många av världens försvarsmakter, från ett tungt territorialförsvar till ett välutbildat insatsförsvar har kraven på den enskilda soldatens förmågor höjts avsevärt. Samtidigt har det även skett en övergång gällande den generella hotbilden, från att tidigare ha utgjorts av en annan militärmakt, till paramilitära grupperingar som ofta bedriver en gerillaliknande krigsföring. Dessa två faktorer innebär att även förutsättningarna för soldatutbildningen har förändrats.Som ett led i anpassningen till dessa förändringar utreds i denna rapport möjligheterna att utveckla soldaternas audiella upplevelse i GAMER. Detta för att skapa ökade förutsättningar för en komplett upplevelsebaserad inlärning, som inte bara övar soldatens förmåga att använda sig av den taktiska information som ljudbilden förmedlar, utan även förbereder soldaterna på bästa sätt för den främmande miljö som dagens militära insatser ofta innebär.Inledningsvis genomförs en ljudcentrerad användningsfallsanalys av en uppsättning grundläggande övningsscenarion.

This paper examines the power producing dams along the Ume-river as an integral part of and a result from the urbanization process in Sweden during industrial capitalism. The aim of the paper is to contribute to the knowledge of the urbanization process in Sweden in general and of its traces along the Ume river in the county of Västerbotten in particular. The paper applies the theory of concentrated urbanization and extended urbanization put forward by Neil Brenner and Christian Schmid (2015) and argues that the building of power producing dams along the Ume-river is part of an extended urbanization process. This becomes particularly evident when examining the vast physical structures that is the dams, situated in an otherwise remote and sparsely populated area. These vast physical structures are also very well connected to a nation wide electric grid that has connections to bordering countries as well.

Vår problemformulering kretsar kring miljö och trängsel i städerna där spårvagnen fått igen en viktig roll.Syftet har varit att undersöka investeringar i spårvagnstrafiken i svenska städer.Vi har använt oss av textanalys för att få fram information som inte kan hittas på annat sätt informantintervjuer för att få fram det som inte kom fram i texterna och se hur man arbetar med frågorna i verkligheten för att visa resultatet för uppsatsen på ett lämpligt sätt.Resultatet av vår undersökning visar att man i Sverige har man först byggt upp spårvagnsnätet, sedan lade man ned under en period i mitten av 1900-talet och sedan har man under senaste tjugoåren börjat bygga spårväg på nytt. Medan de flesta av städerna lade ned spårvagnstrafiken gick Göteborg och Norrköping mot strömmen och valde att fortsätta att investera i spårvagnstrafik. Under slutet av 1900-talet började man bygga upp nya spårvagnslinjer i större svenska städer. Spårvagnsutbyggnaden i Göteborg har skett parallellt med bostadsbyggandet i mitten av 1900-talet men bussen kom att konkurrera med spårvagnen allt mer som kollektivt färdmedel. Linjenäten planerades på långsiktigt för att kunna konverteras till antingen buss eller spårvagn alternativt tunnelbana.

Den vanligaste dammtypen vid vattenkraftsanläggningar i Sverige är fyllningsdammar, som byggs upp av olika zoner såsom tätkärna, finfilter, grovfilter, stödfyllning och erosionsskydd. Tätkärnan har en dämmande funktion och utgör därmed en av de viktigaste delarna i en fyllningsdamm. Lämpligtvis är tätkärnan uppbyggd av en finkornig morän. I många fall ansluter tätkärnan direkt mot den betongkonstruktion som utgör utskovspartiet, vilket innebär att betongen utgör det enda tjälskyddet mot tätkärnan. Anslutningen mellan tätkärnan och betongkonstruktionen är av erfarenhet en svaghetszon i en dammanläggning.

Integration policies have failed to make diversity into anything more than occupying the same physical space. People of different cultural background still do not share their lives to any real extent. Attempts made within planning and landscape architecture to catalyst the integration process have mainly been focused on structural measures, such as residential policies. As for outdoor environments, non-verbal casual encounters in the shape of crossing paths are assumed to lie at the heart of urban social integration.The aim of the thesis is to question this assumption and, as the thesis will show, there is literature supporting this aim. Looking at the works of Gordon Allport, Lewis Coser and some of their followers, I find intercultural contact to require more complex ways of interaction in order to reduce prejudice and to generate tolerance and understanding.

Since the late 50th century, the automobile has been normative in the Swedish society (Lundin 2008). This has led to an urban environment deeply characterized by the motor vehicle and its necessities, while other means of transportation, such as train and bicycle, have been ignored and put aside. However, over the past decades, a new trend has been seen in urban planning as a consequence of the increasing knowledge of the negative qualities caused by the car. As a result, the bicycle is seen as a conceivable transport mode.This thesis examines cycling on four issues:- Why is there a need of more cyclists? - How can the total number of cyclists as well as the number of satisfied cyclists increase? - Which factors affect the choice of transport mode? - Which factors affect the choice of route?The first two questions are discussed from a literature study that was conducted at the beginning of the thesis.

Underjordsbrytning är en vanlig brytningsmetod vid gruvdrift. Vad som avgör om man ska bryta malmen genom dagbrott eller med en underjordsgruva beror på hur malmkroppen ser ut. Underjordsbrytning används ofta vid höggradiga malmkroppar som ligger under jord. De finns många olika metoder men två av de vanligaste är skivrasbrytning och igensättningsbrytning. Som används av Boliden AB och LKAB.

This thesis aims at examining factors that influence women?s choice of clothing. Focus lies on what women want to communicate with their clothes, how consumption is used as a means of expression, women?s attitude towards the clothing and the body image that media has created. Is there an underlying idea in a women?s choice of clothing and is she trying to express something specific? Why do women buy the clothes they do? The aim with this thesis is to identify if there is a difference between people from an urban area and those from a small town, as well what role the geographic difference plays in how fashion conscious you are or how you choose your clothes.

Integration policies have failed to make diversity into anything more than occupying the same physical space. People of different cultural background still do not share their lives to any real extent. Attempts made within planning and landscape architecture to catalyst the integration process have mainly been focused on structural measures, such as residential policies. As for outdoor environments, non-verbal casual encounters in the shape of crossing paths are assumed to lie at the heart of urban social integration.The aim of the thesis is to question this assumption and, as the thesis will show, there is literature supporting this aim. Looking at the works of Gordon Allport, Lewis Coser and some of their followers, I find intercultural contact to require more complex ways of interaction in order to reduce prejudice and to generate tolerance and understanding.

This essay focuses on the function and development of city harbors during the middle ages in the Scanian part of Öresund. The purpose of the survey is to take a closer look at topography, development and activities on the shores in three coastal cities along the west coast of Scania. The cities that has been part of the survey are: Skanör ? Falsterbo, Malmoe and Landskrona, three cities that follows each other chronologically and that show both similarities and differences in appearance, function and urbanization.The cities of Skanör ? Falsterbo and Malmoe were important market places for the medieval Scania market with the herring fishery in focus. The cities? birth has to be looked upon in relation to these activities.