When a decision is to be made on what long term strategic forest management plan to use, consideration must often be taken to multiple objectives. Such decisions are very complex and a promising approach to handle them is by Multiple Criteria Decision Analyses (MCDA). The study is based on the problem that the MCDA that have been implemented into forest management planning have only had capacity to compare and evaluate a limited number of management plans; which means that there is a risk the most suitable plan is missed. The aim with this study was to test the applicability of combining the MCDA tools: the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for including consideration to multi-objectives into strategic forest management planning. The study was based on the process of creating and selecting a management plan, using Heureka PlanWise, suitable for all the major objectives found in the forest holdings of a municipality in northern Sweden.

Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka stadsplaneringvid tre tidsepoker. Genom att jämföra mellanrummen i stadenoch sedan plocka ut de positiva inslag som vi tror tilltalar deflesta människorna vill vi komma fram till hur en idealstad skullekunna se ut.De tidsepoker vi valt är Kvartersstaden, Funktionalismens stadoch Dagens byggande. För att kunna bygga framtidens städermåste man titta tillbaka och ta till vara på det som fungerat ochlära sig av sina misstag. Från den korrekta kvartersstaden via detstorskaliga funktionalistiska samhället till dagens förtätningarfinns det tydliga likheter såväl som olikheter. Grönskan har storbetydelse för en stad och dess invånare.

Den här kandidatuppsatsen bygger på litteraturstudier och behandlar begreppet planideal ur ett historiskt så väl som samtida perspektiv. Uppsatsens fokus ligger på diskussion kring vad dagens planideal skulle kunna vara, där hållbarhet är ett centralt begrepp. Ekologisk, ekonomisk och social hållbarhet har sedan Brundtlandrapporten 1987 lyfts fram som viktiga värden och har sedan dess påverkat dagens stadsplanering. För att få förståelse för vad för tidigare samhällsförändringar som ligger till grund för olika planideal ges en kortfattad historisk redogörelse för 1900-talets ideal för stadens fysiska form. I uppsatsens första del ges en historisk redogörelse för vilka planideal som dominerat i Sverige under 1900-talet och vad som föranlett dem.

The purpose of this study was to investigate hove some suburban areas image is shown to the public in the media coverage of suburban areas, and this is why I in this paper want to look more closely at the image of Tensta in the news media and how people in Tensta perceive themselves. News media has a very important role in the creation of human worldview. It influences our own identity and affects what a person believes is the difference in us and them. In the post-colonial theory, identity creation is a central role in philosophy, us and them. Based on the above purpose, I formulated an overall main question that this essay should answer.

Since the 1980's economic policies has become an important issue in municipalities and more resources are put into projects that are intended to have a positive influence on the local economic growth. From a theoretical perspective of regime theory and a model of local political economy, concerning the strategies chosen by the actors involved designed by Jon Pierre, the discussion points to the fact that it is possible to affect the local development. The municipalities discussed and compared in this thesis, Bromölla and Östra Göinge, have similar prerequisite for growth mainly due to their dependence to large industrial companies.In order to fulfill the aim of the thesis and examine the change in economic policies over time and between the two municipalities a comparative method is used. The creation of local governing coalitions is emphasized which makes efforts and intentions of individual actors crucial for the success of the local economic policies. Bromölla started their more active efforts in the area of economic policies earlier than Östra Göinge and has also come a bit further in the process.

Svenska Aerogel AB has developed the material Quartzene® which is of the typeprecipitated silica and contains calcium - magnesium silicate ((Ca, Mg) SiO3). Thematerial is used for molecular filtration of contaminated air. Qartzene?, which is inpellet form, is porous and has a high internal surface which is a requirement for themolecular filtration. With the use of various impregnations, filtration can affect thedesired outcome.

Issues related to knowledge assessment and its consequences for both the individual and the entire school system are topical in today's school debate. The mere fact that didactic issues that focus on assessment are discussed actively not only in scholastic environments but even in media and other communities is further proof that knowledge assessment is an important and complex phenomenon in our lives.The subject that I have chosen to look into is about how the work with assessment issues is handled in Swedish as well as Russian elementary school's early years. The goal with this study is to see how my studies have been conducted with a qualitative approach by which I collected qualitative information in the form of documents, papers and interviews. To make the approach even more appropriate for my area of research, I have chosen to merge two qualitative research methods. The first is a qualitative content analysis which analyses the governing documents.

Between 1965 and 1975 a major housing project was carried out in Sweden to resolve a major housing crisis, the so-called one million housing program (Swedish: miljonprogrammet). To raise the standards and create a more attractive housing in these areas is currently a very relevant topic in Sweden.Evidence-based design is the process of basing decisions of the built environment on credible research and studies to achieve the best possible outcome. This method is primarily used in the healthcare sector to improve quality of care and reduce costs by creating healthy environments.The possibility of refurbish apartment buildings from miljonprogrammet using evidence-based design has been studied by means of an extensive literature review and a closer examination of the residential area, Husby in Stockholm, which has been chosen to represent the miljonprogrammet in its entirety. Furthermore, the evidence-based research has been limited to seven fields; nature, noise, color, wayfinding, safe environment, daylight and thermal comfort which has been assessed to be applicable on housing. In order to obtain a comprehensive overview of the different fields, four different subjects were chosen to investigate further within each field; research and studies, laws and regulations, constructional aspect and Husby.

Stockholm, Sveriges huvudstad blev framröstad som Europas miljöstad och en vision är att öka elproduktionen av vindkraft från ca 3 TWh/år till 30 TWh/år på 10 år vilket är en markant ökning. Detta medför installation av många vindkraftverk, både i stora fria ytor men även i urbana miljöer. Många delar av centrala Stockholm är under utveckling, där vissa stadsdelar ligger mer strategiskt än andra och här bör man utnyttja vindförhållandena maximalt.Rapportens syfte är att undersöka om förutsättningarna för installation av småskalig vindkraftfinns i Liljeholmskajen, söder om Stockholm. För att avgöra om förutsättningarna finns har elproduktionen för två vindkraftsmodeller kartlagts och en socialundersökning i området genomförts. Vidare har olika användningsområden utretts.De undersökta modellerna har visat en årlig på produktion på 13,4 MWh respektive 25,8 MWh, och den maximala ljudnivån som uppfattas ligger under den tillåtna gränsen i stadsmiljö.

This study aims at examining the prospects for a policy transfer of a Swedish municipal environmental policy (that of Växjö) to the French urban commune Blois, for which an ambition of becoming a leading eco-city in France, was declared by the mayor in 2008.In the analysis, emphasis is laid on mechanisms to institutionalize the main environmental policy principles, such as political and institutional structures and processes. Other prospects for an institutionalization of a new environmental policy that are to be investigated are economic structures as well as visions of the different decision-makers concerned. Research methods used in the study are qualitative interviews, document studies and a questionnaire.The findings of the analysis show that today?s prospects for an environmental policy in Blois close to that of Växjö, are clearly limited. The limitations can partly be found in economic structures but these seem to be rather related to a lack of priority amongst actors.

The purpose is to understand the planning process for residential buildings and toinvestigate the consequences of the choices made in the process. The project will alsoprovide broader knowledge in the design and development under the current law andpractice.The goal is to present a proposal on how a city near the site where water can bedesigned from a sustainable perspective. How can a residential neighborhood be anenvironmentally sound and sustainable region? New systems and techniques havebeen presented previously in terms of sustainable environments and these are intendedof being used in the project Quarter Water-mirror.The project has been implemented on the computer program ArchiCAD in whichdrawings and visualizations have been carried out. These drawings are included asannexes to the report.For information, calculations and drawings, laws for physical planning and Swedishstandard have been followed.Residential buildings have been designed on a site, which is 2, 5 hectares.

Eftersom frågan om trygghet är en mycket viktig fråga som kopplas till demokrati och jämställdhet ? om allas rätt att få använda staden så som de önskar, utan att stanna inomhus på grund av rädsla ? så har i detta arbete undersökts vilka faktorer i den fysiska miljön som påverkar upplevelsen av trygghet. Arbetets fallstudie består av ett stråk i centrala Göteborg som har analyserats ur trygghetsaspekten. Genom intervjuer, platsbesök och en undersökning av litteraturoch myndigheters bild av trygghet, har en platsanalys gjorts och ett antal gestaltningsprinciper för utformning av tryggare stadsrum, tagits fram. Dessa har sedan applicerats på fallstudie-stråket för att visa hur känslan av trygghet skulle kunna höjas där. Efter detta arbetes genomförande har det kunnat konstateras att den fysiska miljön har ett påverkan på den upplevda tryggheten, samt att fysisk planering erbjuder ett antal verktyg för att öka trygghetsupplevelsen. Dock ligger en stor del av den upplevda tryggheten hos den enskilda individen och dess personliga bakgrund och erfarenheter..

The relationship between landscape - public - art and whatoccurs and happens in between is what this paper casts light on. The essay intends to investigate whether there is any boundary between landscape architecture and art. How does this border looks like? Can art in the context of landscape architechture lead to a closer cross-border collaboration between landscapearchitects,artists and the public, to create attractive and/or functional outdoor environments. The place where the meeting can take place is outdoors where the landscape architect works, in the public environment and around the public art.

Lichens are adapted to bright and sparse forests on oligotrophic ground. Due to a slow growth rate and high light demand lichens will suffer from competition in eutrophic environments. Therefore, lichens have disappeared from managed forests where the forest industry has increased the productivity. A reduced abundance of lichens will affect both biodiversity of the forest and the reindeer winter graze lands. It is important to understand how and for how long fertilization affects the abundance and diversity of lichens in order to protect lichen rich ecosystems. We have registered the biomass and number of lichen species in eight plots (four nitrogen rich and four nitrogen deficient) and compared fertilized Sami settlements with their oligotrophic surroundings in the nature reserves of Tjeggelvas.

Riskanalys och riskhantering har på senare år kommit att bli en stor del i byggföretagens arbete för att minimera risker och på sikt de kostnader som kan uppkomma under projektets gång och efter dess färdigställande. Detta sker under strukturerade former genom exempelvis checklistor och kräver kompetens och erfarenhet, dels för att identifiera riskerna och dels för att på bästa sätt kunna hantera dessa. Genom att utföra riskhanteringen på ett bra sätt har man mycket att vinna, både på resultatet på projektet och att man får en säkrare ekonomi. Riskhantering är inget nytt, men i sin strukturerade form är det relativt modernt inom byggbranschen. Ett flertal entreprenörer ser inte nyttan med fler dokument, utan gör sin riskanalys och kontrollerar sina projekt utifrån egna erfarenheter och dokumenterar lite eller inte alls. Detta leder till att erfarenhetsåterföringen inom företagen blir lidande och kunskapen tunnas ut.