Using leaching test is a way to get a picture of pollutants retention and leaching in a risk assessment on contaminated land. There are several different types of standardised leaching tests today, where the natural leaching processes are speeded up to make it possible to predict the leaching of pollutants. These leaching tests have been developed for waste and there are no specific guidelines on how to judge the results from the tests, when making a risk assessment on contaminated land. This work is an investigation on how to use leaching test in this type of risk assessments. The strengths and weaknesses of the different types of tests are discussed. Depending on what type of information you want from your leaching test, different types of tests are suitable.

This thesis explores how Muslim youths? lifeworlds are depicted and narrated in the following two studies on Muslim youth in Sweden and Denmark: Muslima (2007) and Samtidsislam (2010). The aim of this thesis is to answer the following question: In what ways do these works treat the aspects of the lifeworlds that are being highlighted in their studies of Muslim youth in contemporary Sweden and Denmark? An underlying aim is to analyse the results within the framework of theories of socialisation, cultural emancipation and rituals and traditions.With a hermeneutic approach I analyse the texts and operationalize the research question into four themes: the effects of socialization, cultural emancipation, rituals and traditions and secularization. The texts are treated in the analysis with textual analysis and hermeneutic method.

Sammanfattning Elaine Kotte, Progressiva genusglasögon ? En komparativ studie med den svenska och den brasilianska läroplanen i blickfånget (Gender viewed through bifocals ? A comparative study of the Brazilian and Swedish National Curricula) Syftet med uppsatsen är att uppnå en djupare förståelse för skolpolitiska jämställdhetsfrågor genom en komparativ studie mellan den svenska (Lpo 94) och den brasilianska läroplanen (PCN). Resultatet av jämförelsen visar att ländernas läroplaner har en klar intention att förmedla jämställdhet som ett kunskapsområde och demokratisk värdegrund. Däremot finns det likheter, skillnader samt omfattning i läroplanernas och kursplanernas förmedling för måluppfyllelse mellan länderna. Medan riktlinjerna beskrivs i koncisa och allmänna ordalag i Lpo 94 är de mera övergripande och detaljerade i PCN. Jag har även, genom digitala enkätintervjuer med lärarutbildare i Sverige och Brasilien, fått en begränsad inblick i lärarutbildningens insatser kring genusfrågeställningar relaterade till läroplanens jämställdhetsriktlinjer i respektive land. Nyckelord: Brasilien, genus, jämställdhet, kursplan, Lpo 94, läroplan, PCN, Sverige..

During the last few years the countries in the African continent have experienced an enormous increase in female politicians on a national level. Rwanda is even the country with the highest number of female politicians in its parliament in the world. Despite this development in Africa, the quantitative research on women's political representation in the world has not yet paid attention to the situation there. Some of the surveys that have been done have even excluded countries that do not fit the homogeneous pattern ? which is precisely the problem with African countries ? for it to be possible to explain the situation with existing theories.The intention of this paper is therefore to, with all of the 53 African countries included in the study, examine whether the already existing explanatory factors regarding women's political representation also can be applied to an African context to explain the situation there.

Att samverka vid socialt arbete är ett aktuellt tema eftersom två nya lagrum har tillkommit under de senaste åren. Dessa tydliggör att samverkan skall ske mellan kommuner och landsting vid arbete med individer med psykosociala problem. Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur samverkansarbetet mellan kommunen och landsting uppfyller individens rätt till social trygghet, jämlika levnadsvillkor och självbestämmande. I studien deltog fyra professionella utförare och sex individer med psykosociala problem, där respondenternas svar har jämförts beträffande om man upplever att samverkan uppfyller lagens intention. Resultatet har analyserats via en induktiv tematisk metod och via systemteorin samt empowerment.

SammanfattningDenna studie syftar till att undersöka hur personalomsättningen av socialsekreterare ser utinom socialtjänsten i Västerbottens inland. Studien är en fallstudie av ett socialkontor i englesbygdskommun i Västerbotten. Studiens resultat visar att personalomsättningen avsocialsekreterare inom socialtjänsten i den glesbygdskommun i Västerbotten som vi undersöktär hög. Universitetsorter utbildar många socionomer och konkurrensen om jobb är stor i dessastäder. Nyutexaminerade söker till glesbygden där konkurrensen inte är lika stor.

Organisationsförändringar, ökad flexibilitet och globalisering har lett till ett nytt arbetsliv med ökad anställningsotrygghet som drabbar individ och organisation. Få jämförelser finns mellan effekterna av oron inför att förlora sitt jobb (kvantitativ anställningsotrygghet) och oron inför att förlora viktiga aspekter med jobbet (kvalitativ anställningsotrygghet). Forskning har främst fokuserat på kvantitativ otrygghet. Studiens syfte var att undersöka kvantitativ och kvalitativ anställningsotrygghets samband med individers arbetsrelaterade attityder. Tjänstemän i Sverige (N=579) ingick i studien.

Försvarsmaktens slutrapport från perspektivplaneringen 2007 innehåller ett avsnitt vilket avhandlar strategiskt samarbete med andra stater. Flera områden, vilka berör Försvarsmaktens operativa förmåga, identifieras som lämpliga för samarbete med de nordiska länderna. I detta sammanhang uttrycker Försvarsmakten ett bibehållande av nationell strategisk handlingsfrihet trots att uppbyggnaden av den operativa förmågan föreslås delas mellan olika länder. Uppsatsens problem och syfte tar sitt avstamp i ovan beskrivna sammanhang. Detta sker genom att undersöka vad begreppet handlingsfrihet kan sägas betyda när det uttrycks i sammanhang av mellanstatligt samarbete.

The xenophobic attitudes in Europe are stronger than even. Never before have the member states had as many right-wing parties in action. The aim with this report is therefore to consider whether the Schengen cooperation has had an influence on the development of xenophobia in the member states of EU. The Schengen cooperation became a part of the European Union in 1997, with the aim to abolish the internal border controls for citizens and strengthen the external boarders towards non-members. The intention is furthermore to investigate whether the distance to Schengen ?s external boarder has an impact on the xenophobic attitudes.Three countries are compared: Italy, Netherlands and the United Kingdom.

BackgroundToday a common approach to solve a complicated problem is to assemble a temporary workforce in order to solve the problem by working together within a project. One of the difficulties with working in projects is to maintain the planned budget. Working hours and costs are often exceeded. Many companies presume that any certain project will succeed, a presumption that leads companies not to anticipate risks involved in a project. In companies today there is seldom time for evaluation or moderation of a project, in order to have time for evaluation there is a great need for an adequate planning of the project.IntentThe intention with this study is to create a model for planning, budgeting and evaluation of projects within consultancy companies.MethodWith the help of interviews and discussions within the group Hamnar och Byggkonstruktioner at Sweco has evidence to present a proposal on planning, budgeting and monitoring been developed.ResultsA model has been developed to ease for consultancy companies to plan, budget, monitor and evaluate projects.

This is a study about the Swedish liming operation and the Swedish liming officer?s opinions of some aspects regarding ecology, economy and organization. The study objectives was motivated due to the recent changes in manuals for the assessment of limed waters and the suggested changes in decision making and decreased budget for liming. Moreover the anthropogenic acidification effects on the ecology are in many ways complex. Furthermore it was made in order to gain knowledge about the liming officer?s opinions in order to improve the ability to meet their needs regarding the assessment tools and also to investigate if other things can be improved concerning the liming operation.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the project Knitting House using art and architectural theories to question the forms of the project as well as the town planning in the area of Husby, a suburb to Stockholm. In order to stress the architectural issues in the area of Husby, the thesis examines the aim and intention of the project Knitting House. The project explores the standardized architectural form that was used and built under the Miljonprogrammet, through the years of 1960-1970 in the neighborhoods of Järvafältet. The thesis will also investigate some of the problems that arise when attempting to discuss knitting as a method used to perform Knitting House. This paper explores the relationships between public and private spaces, the areas in between them and how they interact. The claim made throughout the thesis is that Knitting House can function as a political catalyst by presenting a combined perspective of art, architecture and politics to address the social and ethnic segregation in suburbs like Husby. .

This study aims to examine how professionals in the field of foster care works with recruitments, assessment and education of family homes for unaccompanied children. The intention is to find out in case there are specific needs that justify specific approach to ensure that the child's best interests are indicative and satisfied. The survey was conducted based on a qualitative method and empirical data gathered through semi-structured interviews with employees in the social services. The result shows that there is a need for more and specific education for families receiving unaccompanied children. It is motivated by the needs and conditions that are often common for this group.

This essay is built upon the subject of drama. Its purpose was to examine if drama was a good and important educational method to/for children, and if drama is enhancing childrens self-esteem and self-confidence. By reviewing the results from literature and interviews, my intention was to compare the results, in order to find out what the views of the literature and respondents on drama was.I used qualitative interviewing, to find out what the teachers had to say about drama, and I used literature that was relevant to the purpose of the essay. I took a deeper look at the meaning of educational drama and pedagogical drama was, and also the meaning of self-esteem and self-confidence, in order to connect it with the results from the literature and the interviews.  After studying the literature and the interviews, I could see coherence, and therefore compile a result.  Both literature and the interviewed teachers considers drama to be a good and important method within the educational school and that drama positively has got a strengthening effect on childrens self-esteem and self-confidence.

Consumers today are bombarded with innumerable advertising messages. The need for companies to create advertisements that consumers find relevant is thus increasing. In order to break through the ad clutter, companies have to give something extra to their customers and show that they care about them. How a company decides to communicate might then be more important than what the company actually communicates.The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the use of creative media choices induces signaling effects and enhances advertising value as well as perceived corporate consideration. The two last mentioned variables are explored as potential driving forces behind the signaling effects.