When Swedish authorities are to purchase or rent something, public procurement is used as a means to an end. Authorities as well as suppliers are subjects to the fact that Swedish law regarding public procurement regulates the form of procurement in one set of particular regulations (LOU) and the form of contracts in another set of general regulations (AvtL). Suppliers and purchasing authorities close a contract regarding the subject of procurement and the law of public procurement regulates when such a contract can be closed, simultaneously the law of contracts regulates when parties are held to contracts and when contracts are to be rescinded. I investigate in this essay what these two types of regulations can result in for the contracting parties. As it is today agreements that have been entered into wrongfully still are valid, even if a court of law nullifies the procurement and sentences the purchasing authority to make a new public procurement.

In our study, we investigated how the streamed TV domain relates to existing design principles for web design. Further, we have investigated whether there are specific characteristics of the domain that the design principles do not cover. In the survey we have studied two sites which are representative of the streamed TV domain. Finally, we discuss how applicable the design principles are for the domain and the specific characteristics that would require new or further developed design principles..

EC and WTO have been prosecuting collaboration for some time, which purpose is to liberalize the global market for commerce. There have been some alterations under the last decades. Establishing in other countries than their own is far easier, nevertheless it is getting more difficult. The enterprises demand equal treatment and the countries want to have the most favourable legislation. This has resulted in conflicts between different countries and even between the companies.

Export is a top priority for Sweden's economy but for Swedish companies it may involve uncomfortable risks of exporting without sincere consideration. When the United Nations Security Council puts an embargo against a country, this often mean an import and export restriction. The thought is to push undemocratic regimes into respecting human rights. When the embargo is in force, however, the parties are not able to fulfill their contractual obligations, which practically means that the agreement will be suspended. The problem is what happens when an embargo is in force for a longer period of time.

The development for Skanska Commercial Development (SCD) during the last years has been positive on all markets and Skanska therefore plans on expanding their activity. Central and Eastern Europe has had a considerable economic development, what is assessed to continue during the next following years. Bucharest is one possible alternative in the CEE for a new establishment by SCD. However, the investigation before an entry is a process with many factors that need to be taken into consideration. There are today no models on how and what a developer as SCD should evaluate in terms of opportunities and risks on a possible new market.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att jämföra hur grunderna för ansvarsfrihet från skadestånd vid fullgörelsehinder är uppbyggda i olika normsystem för att utifrån en komparativ analys komma fram till vilket system som är bäst tillämpbart i en situation liknande den i scenariot med den försenade vaccinleveransen som jag beskrivit i inledningen till uppsatsen.De regler jag valt att studera för en komparativ jämförelse är kontrollansvaret i den svenska köplagen 27 § och CISG art. 79, modellagarna PECL och Unidroit Principles regler om force majeure och hardship, standardklausulerna i ICC 2003 Force Majeure and Hardship Clauses samt den engelska läran om frustration. Att jag valt att studera teorin om hardship beror på att teorin är starkt sammankopplad till reglerna om force majeure och kontrollansvar. Jag har valt PECL och UNIDROIT som exempel på hur modellagar kan vara upplagda. Fler modellagar och principer finns.

The purpose of this work is to find out how present manager contracts are set up in Landstinget Västmanland (the county council of Västmanland), explore managers? perception of these contracts and why managers have chosen leadership. The work has also reviewed the question if managers need to have a relationship or expertise to the activities they lead and which qualifications are needed in such case. The survey was conducted in two divisions in which nine interviews were held with managers at all levels. In addition to this a questionnaire including the 87 managers in the divisions were held.

The thesis hears content-error in relation to agreements closed by electronic means. The purpose of the thesis is to elucidate how the rules in 32 §(1) AvtL apply to agreements closed by such means and to evaluate its suitability. The elucidation is done on the basis of, the rules? adequacy in relation to their objectives in collaboration with a comparative view on a selection of international legal framework under private law, such as DCFR, UNCITRAL Model Law, UNIDROIT Principles and CISG.Since Sweden lack a specific regulation for electronically closed agreements, all modern closing methods will be evaluated from the dated outlook of the Swedish Contract Act. In relation to entirely automated processes which results in the closing of an agreement, particular difficulty arise in correlation with prerequisites, which requires a human stance.

Construction projects are generally designed as a general contract or a complete contract. In a general contract the commercial contract that is being used is AB 04 and related advice and instructions, AMA AF 07. In AB 04 there is an insurance requirement that stipulates that the contractor shall take all risks and liability insurance for the contract where the client must be co-insured.Construction law is almost exclusively regulated by the various standard contracts, one of those is AB 04. The Construction Contracts Committe is an organization that has published the standard contracts in this area of law and also the advice and instructions to help the parties to understand the agreements. The insurance requirement occurs in an area of law that is complex and the meaning of the concept is not entirely clear, nor which of the parties? interests and responsibilities that are covered by the types of insurances that are provided by the insurance requirement.

In commercial firms, the inventory is often the largest and most important entry and to have acorrectly valued inventory is an important prerequisite in the statement of accounts. However,the inventory is considered to be one of the entries that are most difficult to value among thecompanies assets and this is why we have investigated how large commercial firms valuetheir inventories. We have used relevant theory and conducted a number of interviews withpeople who are knowledgeable when it comes to valuation of inventories. Our conclusion isthat commercial firms work in different ways and that there is no general method which isused by all commercial companies..

Export is a top priority for Sweden's economy but for Swedish companies it may involve uncomfortable risks of exporting without sincere consideration. When the United Nations Security Council puts an embargo against a country, this often mean an import and export restriction. The thought is to push undemocratic regimes into respecting human rights. When the embargo is in force, however, the parties are not able to fulfill their contractual obligations, which practically means that the agreement will be suspended. The problem is what happens when an embargo is in force for a longer period of time.

When Swedish authorities are to purchase or rent something, public procurement is used as a means to an end. Authorities as well as suppliers are subjects to the fact that Swedish law regarding public procurement regulates the form of procurement in one set of particular regulations (LOU) and the form of contracts in another set of general regulations (AvtL). Suppliers and purchasing authorities close a contract regarding the subject of procurement and the law of public procurement regulates when such a contract can be closed, simultaneously the law of contracts regulates when parties are held to contracts and when contracts are to be rescinded. I investigate in this essay what these two types of regulations can result in for the contracting parties. As it is today agreements that have been entered into wrongfully still are valid, even if a court of law nullifies the procurement and sentences the purchasing authority to make a new public procurement.

The aim of this dissertation is to examine and compare William Easterly?s and PGU?s (Shared Responsibility: Sweden's Policy for Global Development) different views on development and international development cooperation. The methodological approach chosen in this study is an analysis of ideas based on the following questions:1. Which principles should be applied to development and international development cooperation?2.

Major changes have occurred in the music industry the last twenty years which can betraced to various reasons like technological and economical problems. Meanwhile, theSwedish songwriters have had incredible success on the international music scene when itcome sto songs with commercial impact. Their success has been very present in the lastfew years and during the writing of this essay, we see no evidence that they shoulddecrease.The purpose of this paper is to analyze and clarify the factors behind the internationalsuccess of Swedish-produced music has had in recent years. We will also show theimportance of the success that characterized the 90?s and how it affects Swedishsongwriters success today. .

The first aim of this study is to examine what the differences are between the Classic directive (directive 2004/18/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 31 March 2004 on the coordination of procedures for the award of public works contracts, public supply contracts and public service contracts) and the Revised Classic directive (directive 2014/24/EU of the European Parliament and of the council of 26 February 2014 on public procurement and repealing Directive 2004/18/EC) when it comes to social considerations in public procurement. The second aim is to examine if the revision of the directive has solved the prior existing problems regarding social considerations in public procurement. In this paper a traditional European legal method is used. The examinations show a number of things, including the Revised Classic directive involving codification of case law, references to other sources of law and some clarified rules as well as new provisions. The regulations regarding reserved contracts, technical specifications, and selection criterion are satisfied in the Revised Classic directive.