This thesis is made by Carl Persson and Alejandro Saavedra for Gryaab. Gryaab is Gothenburg?s water processing plant and produces about 60 GWh biogas annually with a flow around 1150 Nm3/h. Gryaab wants to research their possibilities to become independent with electrical energy and the possibilities to enrich, upgrade biogas. The use of methane rich gases like biogas and natural gas is today low in Sweden compared to major parts of the world.

Heat and power stations are often in need of optimizations. A simulation model is a tool for findingways to optimize the plant. The scope of this diploma work is to develop a simulation model ofBoiler 5 at Mälarenergi AB. Boiler 5 is a circulated fluidized bed boiler that was taken into service inyear 2001. Among the included parts in the boiler are cyclone, convection part andINTREX-chambers.

In the last few years people have become more and more aware of how humanity is affecting the climate. In the direction of reducing the greenhouse gases is to design engines with higher tensile properties and reduced weight, in order to achieve lower fuel consumption and cleaner fuel incineration in today's truck engines.In order to achieve these requirements it?s necessary to increase the combustion pressure in the engine. This requires higher tensile properties and high thermal conductivity of the engine material. The department of Component Technology at the University of Jönköping in collaboration with Volvo Powertrain AB, Scania CV AB and DAROS Piston Rings AB has been commissioned to develop this material and to find knowledge of material properties used in truck engines and piston rings used for marine applications.The purpose with this work is to analyze the tensile properties of a series of cast iron, cast under different metallurgical conditions.Four different series of cast irons have been analyzed from four points of view, carbon concentration, nodularity, amount inoculation and cooling rate.After the tensile test all specimen data was analyzed in a mathematic calculation program called Matlab 2006a.

Diesel electric propulsion is in many ways a good alternative to conventional shaft propulsion, both economically and environmentally. There are also many other good side effects which need to be considered, i.e. better manoeuvrability, more efficient use of space and less noise on board. However, there are applications where diesel electric propulsion is not profitable. Large ocean going ships? profitability is much depending on fuel costs and the diesel electric alternative cannot compete on long journeys with large low speed engines.This thesis will treat the aspects of choosing between a diesel electric system and a classic mechanical propulsion system.

Until 2020, 49% of Sweden's use of energy must derive from renewable sources. Greenhouse gases must as well decline with 40% compared to 1990 as a part of Sweden's 16 environmental objectives. Biogas is part of the effort to achieve these objectives, but as the demand for biogas increases, more substrates are needed to meet the demand. The purpose is to investigate the conditions for pea residue as substrate by performing lab-scale mesophilic digestion with different fractions and notch lengths and then to summarize pea residue as a substrate for biogas production. During anaerobic digestion, 1000 ml bottles were used as reactors for digestion.

The Swedish road transport sector relies almost completely on fossil fuels. In 2007, as much as 96 percent of the total sales of fuels was made up of petrol and diesel, while at the same time the share of total emissions of greenhouse gases in Sweden that came from road transports amounted to close to 30 per cent. Sweden is by no means worse off than any other European country in these respects. In order to address the questions of high oil dependence and CO2 emissions the European Commission has proposed a reinforcement of the legislative framework, with a 10 percent minimum for the market share of biofuels in 2020. Furthermore, the proposed target is binding for the member states, unlike the current voluntary target of 5.75 percent by 2010. More than doubling the usage of biofuels in only a bit more than a decade will most likely not be possible without policy interventions.

Fuel wood is currently the third largest assortment from the forest in Sweden after pulpwood and lumber. Branches and tops i.e. logging residues are one of the assortments of fuel wood which is a common by-product after harvesting nowadays. The way to utilize, disintegrate and transport the logging residues varies between northern and southern Sweden. Branches and tops are collected throughout the year at appropriate stands, but are consumed mainly wintertime.

On July 22nd 2011, there was a terrorist attack in Norway. First a bomb exploded in the Parliament House, in Oslo; and shortly after that a man shot 69 politically active young people at a camp on the island Utöya. Throughout the weeks to follow, we could read about the victims' stories. They told of tears, fear and heroism. But who got to tell what? The purpose of this study was to see how the Swedish tabloids described the victims from a gender perspective.

This master thesis encompasses an inventory of the older industrial community of Gimo. Investigations of the contamination situation for each industrial area were done. A risk classification according to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency?s ?Method of Surveying Contaminated Sites?, phase one, followed. The risk classification was done on areas of Iron Work, a rockwool industry and a landfill. Gimo have had iron manufacturing from 1615 until 1945. Gimo have had two blast-furnaces and two smithies periodically.

Abort/Motstånd är en diskursanalytisk studie av text och bild hämtade från den internetbaserade verksamheten hos de svenska abortkritiska organisationerna Ja till livet och Människorätt för ofödda. Uppsatsens övergripande syfte är att urskilja hur kvinnan och hennes kropp konstrueras inom antiabortrörelsens internetbaserade verksamhet ? det vill säga den diskursordning som behandlas.Det teoretiska ramverket utgår från kvinnligt subjektskap och kroppslighet, abort analyseras även i relation till graviditet och/eller moderskap. Analysen tar avstamp i kvinnans situation och behandlar body/mind-distinktionen, samt problematiserar denna i relation till den medicinska västerländska diskurs som ofta fråntar den gravida kvinnan subjektsstatus. Av analysen framgår det att huvuddragen i motståndsdiskurserna, i relation till kvinnlig autonomi, karaktäriseras av tre drag: att fostret tilldelas super-subjektstatus, att den gravida kvinnan berövas sitt subjektskap och att kvinnor som vill göra abort närmast porträtteras som monster.

As trucks are getting more and more advanced, information about their weight has become a key factor for controlling them in a more fuel efficient and safe manner. Knowing the mass of a heavy duty vehicle in real time has been a difficult challenge for the truck manufacturers. With the processing power for electronic control units in trucks steadily increasing, more advanced algorithms for calculating the mass has been developed, but at the moment there still is a wish for better performance.Since there is a lack of good information regarding the external forces acting on the vehicle, forces that depends on the slope of the road, foundation of the road and the wind, the methods have to be able to disregard these. Such an approach, based on an indirect least square solution, has been evaluated in this thesis. The results have been promising and based on these a recommendation about further evaluation has been made..

Namibia, southern Africa, suffers from an energy shortage and is therefore facing severalchallenging problems. The use of firewood as fuel for cooking is common in the whole countryand has negative consequences for health and the environment. This work have focused ondeveloping a solar baking oven, calledSunbaker, adapted for Namibian families needs forbaking. The development was based on classic solar cooking limitations, specific needs forNamibia and to have a feasible manufacturability.The project started with a theoretical study in Sweden where different solar cookers, informationregarding Namibia, technical aspects and end user aspects were studied. To assess the need for asolar baking oven aMinor Field Study took place in Namibia during eight weeks in July toSeptember 2009 and resulted in a product design specification.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka skolbarns tankar kring framtid, utbildning och yrken. Följande frågeställningar har formulerats: vilken beredskap har barn att diskutera frågor om utbildning, framtid och yrken? Vad är det som gör att barn tänker som de gör kring utbildning, framtid och yrken? Jag har använt mig av kvalitativ metod och genomfört sex intervjuer med elever på en F-6 skola och tre intervjuer med lärare. Tidigare forskning visar att det inom detta område finns sparsamt med undersökningar och att det även är svårt att hitta karriärteorier som specifikt handlar om hur barn resonerar och utvecklas. För att analysera det empiriska materialet har Supers teori om life span, life space, Gottfredsons teori om begränsningar och kompromisser och Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) använts.

Denna rapport är en konsumentundersökning rörande skivförpackningar. Syftet med undersökning är att ta reda på vad konsumenter har för attityd, tankar och känslor kring olika slags skivförpackningar. Förändringar i människors köpbeteende och den ökad miljömedvetenhet i samhället gör det intressant att undersöka om detta även påverkar konsumenters syn på skivförpackningar. Undersökningen genomfördes genom att tre olika fokusgrupper träffades för att diskutera fyra olika skivförpackningar. I en öppen diskussion fick respondenterna redogöra för sina attityder, tankar och känslor kring skivförpackningar, därefter fick deltagarna svara på mer styrda frågor kring förpackningar och förpackningars miljöpåverkan. I forskningsresultaten framgår det att de flesta respondenter har en positiv attityd till Digipack, som enligt dem har de bästa produktattributen.

Syfte: Syftet med studien är att förstå konsumentens upplevelse avproduktplacering i elektroniska spel. Metod: Vi använder oss av fokusgrupper för att samla in empiriskt material. Den största fördelen med detta är att deltagarna i en fokusgrupp utmanas och ifrågasätts av de övriga gruppdeltagarna och därför måste deltagarna motivera och reflektera över sina ståndpunkter.Vi kan därför uppnå större förståelse av de bakomliggandeorsakerna till deltagarnas åsikter. Teoretiska perspektiv: Vi har använt oss av teorier om perception för att förstå hur konsumenternatar till sig produktplacering. Teorier om det implicita ochexplicita minnet hjälper oss förstå hur konsumenterna kommerihåg varumärken från produktplaceringen.