The eutrophication of inshore seas, lakes and watercourses is mainly due to leaching of nitrogen and phosphorus (P) from agriculture. Many efforts are made to reduce the lea-kage of phosphorus in Sweden and the Baltic Sea countries. Phosphorus is also a finite resource and the mining of good quality raw material gets more and more difficult. Se-dimentation dams in combination with filters is one relatively new method to separate P from run-off and drainage water from agricultural land. This study was a part of an IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute?s project which tests the capacity and func-tion for separation of phosphorus in four phosphorus filters.

The essay has its beginning in the source material that deal with ancient Norse religion before the people in the Nordic countries became Christian. The fact that there are no contemporary written or authentic sources available that can tell us something about the Norse religion during the Viking age is problematic. Archeological source materials is available, but tend to talk more about power relationships and social status than the old Norse religion and the way people practiced their faith. Medieval Christian writers are a source of knowledge of the Norse religion; however, they can only highlight the Norse religion from a Christian point of view and ways of evaluating the pagan faith, making them less reliable.The written sources of this paper are based on the written by two medieval Christian writers, Saxo Grammaticus and Snorri Sturluson. These sources are among the first to treat the Norse religion process after the introduction of Christianity in Scandinavia.

Background: Evaluation of lameness in horses is traditionally performed by a veterinarian who subjectively evaluates the movements of the horse. Accordingly, lameness diagnosis varies with the veterinarian and circumstances for which the horse is examined. Research within the area has long tried to establish an objective and standardized method for lamenessevaluation in horses. Several methods have been shown to be reliable and are used regularly within research, for example measurement of forces between the hoof and ground, and measurement of movements with high speed cameras or accelerometers. However these methods require considerable preparation, standardization, and expensive equipment as well as produce large amounts of data that are incomprehensible for the clinician.

 BakgrundSystemet för containertransporter karaktäriseras utav stora omlastningshamnar som fungerar somhubbar för containertrafik från omkringliggande områden. Mindre fartyg och järnvägsförbindelseranpassade för containertransport trafikerar dessa områden och kallas för feedertransporter. Det hargivit en möjlighet för exportinriktade företag i dessa områden att skicka sitt gods i mindre volymerper sändning med bibehållen servicegrad. För att feedertransporter ska trafikera dessa områdenkrävs det att många företag skickar sitt gods i container.Det är alltså av stor vikt att många företag använder container som lastbärare. För att användandetav container som lastbärare ska öka är det därför intressant att undersöka hur exportföretagresonerar när de väljer transportlösning och hur det påverkar transporter med container.ProblemformuleringVad är avgörande när företag väljer transportlösning och hur påverkar detta användandet avcontainertransporter?SyfteSyftet med studien är att identifiera ett antal områden som påverkar valet av transportlösning ochundersöka hur olika företag värderar dessa.

 BakgrundSystemet för containertransporter karaktäriseras utav stora omlastningshamnar som fungerar somhubbar för containertrafik från omkringliggande områden. Mindre fartyg och järnvägsförbindelseranpassade för containertransport trafikerar dessa områden och kallas för feedertransporter. Det hargivit en möjlighet för exportinriktade företag i dessa områden att skicka sitt gods i mindre volymerper sändning med bibehållen servicegrad. För att feedertransporter ska trafikera dessa områdenkrävs det att många företag skickar sitt gods i container.Det är alltså av stor vikt att många företag använder container som lastbärare. För att användandetav container som lastbärare ska öka är det därför intressant att undersöka hur exportföretagresonerar när de väljer transportlösning och hur det påverkar transporter med container.ProblemformuleringVad är avgörande när företag väljer transportlösning och hur påverkar detta användandet avcontainertransporter?SyfteSyftet med studien är att identifiera ett antal områden som påverkar valet av transportlösning ochundersöka hur olika företag värderar dessa.

The purpose of the thesis is to describe how environmental compensation is carried through when it comes to exploitation of Natura 2000. The thesis also relates to the three theories of planning synoptic, advocacy and transactive. Three cases of environmental compensation have been studied from three different countries where an exploitation of the Natura 2000 is done. Sweden, Germany and the Netherlands have all been working with environmental impact assessments as a demand to be able to carry through their projects. The projects concern the development of a railway track, an industry and a port which all have been approved by the EU-commission to carry on because of socioeconomic reasons.

Sweden is a country that has made some progress in developing energy efficient solutions. The problem in Sweden is that many houses and apartment buildings are old and have inefficient ventilation- and heating systems. This energy is lost when systems are inefficient, which then results in huge economic costs. Luckily, more and more people are becoming aware of this, which means that Sweden is on track to become even better within energy efficiency.Energy use for the housing- and service sector amounts to 166 TWh of total use at 616 TWh. Without distribution and conversion losses, these figures show that the housing- and service sector accounts for almost 40 % of the country's total energy consumption.

AbstractMycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi. Moulds producing mycotoxins grow on various crops that are used as horse feeds. Since the treatments of mycotoxin poisoned horses are limited it is important to prevent production of mycotoxins in feed. The major mycotoxin producing moulds in horse feeds are Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp.

The trend in milk production is similar in Sweden and across the world; the farms are getting fewer but increasingly bigger. The costs for hiring workers are increasing, which results in more cows per animal keeper. Sensors can then be a great tool for keeping track of animals which need special attention. With a reported decreasing fertility, sensors that can detect oestrus even at low levels can be especially helpful in bigger herds to pinpoint the cows that may be in oestrus. The number of farms with dairy cows that install AMS, Automatic Milking Systems, are increasing, and that also increases the need for sensors to control milk quality and composition when there is no visual control of the milk by a milker before milking starts.For the sensor data to be useful you have to have software designed to analyze and interpret the data to get relevant information that the farmer can use.

Visualization plays a key role in the concept of Lean. Lean was developed in Japan as a business philosophy in order to lead to an activity, where only steps that contribute to customer value of the final product are being performed. By defining the customer value and establish visualized standards, it is possible to see when situations differ from the standard. Then it?s possible to lead the process back on track.

About 80 % of all Swedish dairy cows are kept in tie-stalls, but loose housing is increasing, probably because it is more profitable for the farmer. The design of the floors is of cruicial importance to the cows well-being. Traditionally, the most common type of floor in the alleys of a cubicle system still is a slatted manure-draining floor made of concrete. The typical Swedish design has 125-mm slats and 40-mm slots, maximally. With too wide slots, there is an increased risk of injuries to the claws when the cow makes a hasty move.

Dressage schooling is not a subject that rests on science, it is a matter of dependable experience. So far there hasn?t been so much research about it, but more and more is done. Especially the interaction between rider and horse is a nearly uninvestigated field. Riding skills is much about having the right position, and having the horses head and neck in different positions, but there are no research done that support or deny that this old ?knowledge? is for the best for the horse. This study was performed to evaluate if the head and neck position of the horse, and the velocity, has any influence on the position of the rider.

We travel more nowadays. The increasing travel rate generates greenhouse gases which in the long run cause an increasing number of natural disasters over the world. Car traffic is a major contributor to this development. Out-of-town shopping centres have historically good accessibility for car traffic. This study aims to look into what are the factors that influence the choice of transport mode for dwellers in the outskirts of a town when going to out-of-town shopping centres.

Torstensson, Niklas (2012): Anledningar till olikheter mellan Svenska kommuners skolkvalitet (Causes behind the differences in Swedish municipality´s quality of school) Örebro University.This essay is an explorative case study that will compare four Swedish municipalities quality of local school system against the municipality ´s backgrounddata and a governing document: Skolplan. This study begins in a previous benchmarking study made by one of Sweden?s teachers unions Lärarförbundet. This is a statistical study that ranked the Swedish municipalities against each other?s according to their accomplishments in a number of areas related to their school systems.

BakgrundSverige har en åldrande befolkning. År 2030 beräknas antalet invånare över 80 år vara nästan fördubblat mot idag, det vill säga 800 000. De mest sjuka äldre som är i behov av omfattande vård och omsorg utgör cirka 17 % av befolkningen över 65 år och har omfattande nedsättningar i sitt funktionstillstånd till följd av åldrande, skada eller sjukdom. När äldre personer drabbas av sjukdom eller skada är vägen vanligen in via akutmottagningen. Där utsätts ofta den äldre för långa väntetider med ökad risk för avvikelser såsom fall, konfusion, eller dehydrering.