According to the Swedish Red Cross, there are over 40 million people fleeing from war and conflict around the world. Some of these individuals are suffering from a disorder named PTSD (Post Traumatic Disorder Syndrome). This disorder is caused by previous experience incurred by war, conflict and violence. My intention with this study has been to increase the knowledge about refugees in Sweden suffering from PTSD syndrome. I have performed a study based on a project named Exigo.

The requirements for wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are gradually increasing, partly because of higher incoming loads, which in turn require a more efficient treatment process. In parallel with environmental and economic goals there are also desires to lower energy consumption without compromising the wastewater treatment. Furthermore, there is a demand on WWTP´s to alter eutrophication in aquatic systems through better nitrogen and phosphorus removal. An increasing number of WWTP´s have acquired biological nitrogen and phos-phorus removal. A by-product of this type of biological treatment is the formation of nitrous oxide, which is a potent greenhouse gas.

The purpose of this study is to examine what professionals tell about stress, rewards, impact and treatment in the professional treatment with young sexual offenders. Eleven qualitative interviews of half-structured design brought up results about the professional role in the treatment process. During the interviews the professionals described which methods of treatment they work with. We examined the methods through literature research, which was added to the study whit the purpose of strengthening the interview data. The professionals consider their work important and meaningful and they feel safe in their working role.

AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of MotVikt´s obesity-treatment program on eight severely obese subjects, concerning Body Mass Index, Waist-Circumference and Weight after three and a half months and Sense of Coherence, Body Image and Self-experienced Health after three months. The question in focus was: Did MotVikt´s obesity-treatment program have any effects concerning the factors mentioned above?MetodInformation was collected with questionnaires that were filled out by the eight subjects, three men and five women, who participated in MotVikt´s last round of treatment. Data concerning waist-circumference, weight and BMI were provided by MotVikt. The questionnaires that were used to get information about Sense of Coherence, Body Image and Self-Experienced health were SOC-29, BSQ and IQOLA SF-36.ResultatThe average BMI in the group has decreased with 2,9 kg/m2, from 39,7 till 36,8.

To investigate the possibilities for effective soil tillage, that could imply lower costs, lower negative environmental impact and in addition a meaningful occupation for foraging pigs, a field experiment was carried out in Gränna, Småland, during growing season 2006. The experiment contained two treatments that were repeated three times and were carried out on a couch grass-infected fallow on a light soil close to Sweden?s second largest lake, Vättern. Ploughing was one treatment and pig rooting followed by ploughing, was the other. The experiment was conducted according to the guidelines of organic growing and seedbed preparation was done the same way in the two treatments. The pigs, three groups of five half-year old Linderödssvin (an old Swedish breed), was encouraged to perform an even tillage by strip-grazing, i.e.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a social-psychological relevance in allowing animals to be involved in therapy work. I have examined if the animals may contribute to effects on human relationships between caregivers and patients, and if the animals can contribute to helping patients to achieve better well-being. Through previous research and a quantitative interview I have received answers to the following questions: How are animals used in the treatment work? How do animals affect the relationship between caregiver-patient? In what ways do animals in treatment affect relationships between people? How do the professionals who work with animals believe that animals can affects the patient? I have interviewed people working in different kinds of treatment work using animals. The areas examined include work with animals at youth care, police, disability care, elderly care and school.

It?s known that the drug information patients get at discharge from hospital is often insufficient. Patients? ignorance of which drug they use and how to take them can lead to drug related problems, can cause suffering and heavy expenses.The aim of this study was to shed light on the patients? understanding for drug information, which was given at discharge from hospital. The literature survey was used as a method and based upon a systematic choice of scientific articles, which were found in different databases during the period of April 1 to May 31, 2008.

The aim of the study was to investigate nurses? perception about patients? participation in medicine treatment and how to make the patient participate. A qualitative method was used and six nurses were interviewed. The nurses? perceptions of patients? participation in medicine treatment were characterized especially by patients having good knowledge about their medicines.

Equal treatment in school is an on-going debate in the Swedish society. At the same time teachers around the country struggles to make ends meet because of a heavy workload. Voices have been raised that teachers no longer have the time to actually be teachers since they get piled up with paper work and other administrative tasks. However, schools are bound by law to take action against harassments and discrimination of any kind. There is also an overall policy in the Swedish national curriculum that every school must embrace diversity and actively teach students about solidarity and respect.

Uppsatsens syfte var att öka förståelsen och kunskapen om de barn som bevittnat våld mellan närstående i familjen. Frågeställningarna var: 1) Hur beskrivs barns, mödrars och behandlares röster i litteraturen om barn som bevittnat våld i familjen? 2) Vad har våldet för konsekvenser för barnen enligt mödrar och behandlare? 3) Hur diskuteras lagstiftning, insatser och behandling i litteraturen om barn som bevittnat våld i familjen? En selektiv kunskapsöversikt med en illustrativ intervju med en behandlare genomfördes för att besvara frågeställningarna. Resultatet analyserades ur ett multidimensionellt perspektiv med hjälp av socialkonstruktivistisk teori, anknytningsteori samt systemteori med ett rollperspektiv. Det som framkom i studien var att barn som bevittnat allvarliga våldshändelser i hemmet upplevde ett trauma vilket kunde leda till posttraumatiska stressyndrom hos barnet.

This study explores the effects of two different post-treatment methods on stain reduction in glazed creamware from the late 20th century. The objects stains have been characterized by type one and type two stains which is the result of prolonged contact with food residues, were subjected to the same initial stain reduction. The two post-treatment methods examined are soaking the objects in deionized water and surface rinsing with deionized water. The comparative analysis included photographs under normal and UV-light exposure to assess stain visibility, weight measurements before and after treatments to monitor the absorption and evaporation of liquids, and observations throughout the experiment. The results revealed that while type two stains showed significant alterations after treatments, specifically after soaking, type one stains remained unaffected by both methods.

Antalet barn som upplever våld i familjen är stort och upplevelsen kan leda till utveckling av Posttraumatisk stresstörning (PTSD). Syftet med studien är att fördjupa kunskapen om barn som upplevt våld i familjen och som visar tecken på PTSD. Frågeställningar som studien avser att besvara är (1) vilken betydelse har våldets karaktär för utvecklingen av PTSD hos barn? (2) vilken betydelse har barnets psykosociala hälsa för utvecklingen av PTSD? (3) hur kan tillfrisknandeprocessen hos barn som visar tecken på PTSD förstås? Studien har både en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ ansats samt en pre-post design. Studien inkluderar 14 barn som upplevt våld i familjen och som besvarat Children´s revised imapct of event scale (CRIES) vid Trappan-enheten i Uppsala under 2007.

Syftet med denna intervjustudie var att beskriva ambulanssjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att omhänderta kritiskt skadade patienter som utsatts för trauma. Åtta ambulanssjuksköterskor intervjuades och en kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes för att analysera intervjuerna. Analysen resulterade i sex kategorier; Känslomässiga reaktioner vid omhändertagandet,Yrkeserfarenhet och kunskap skapar trygghet, Det strukturerade arbetssättet och samarbetet, Inge trygghet genom att informera patienten, Svårigheter vid bemötande och kommunikation med närstående, Behov av återkoppling, reflektion och återhämtning. Deltagarna beskriver hur erfarenhet och kunskap skapar trygghet och motverkar stress, att samarbetet med kollegor och andra yrkesgrupper är av stor vikt för ett optimalt omhändertagande och att mötet med patient och närstående ställer krav på ambulanssjuksköterskans förmåga att kommunicera och skapa tillit. Efter larmet är ambulanssjuksköterskan i behov av återkoppling och kamratstöd för att återhämta sig och dra lärdom av omhändertagandet.

The purpose of this study was to examine why adventure treatment is mainly directed towards young men and how that can be related to the construction of masculinity.Our questions were:- What were the social workers thoughts and images about masculinity?- Why did they think adventure treatment were suitable for young men and for what reasons?- How did the social workers describe their role as treatment providers?This study was a qualitative study that was based on six interviews as well as observations. We tried to find patterns and deviations in our empirical material. Then we connected them with previous research and theories. The social workers described the typical client as a competitive kind of person, interested in physical activities and with boyish manners.

The main objective of this research was to study how increased arterial oxygenation by the use of Pulsed Inhaled Nitric-Oxide (PiNO) influenced the metabolic and cardiovascular parameters on horses undergoing acute abdominal surgery because of colic. The parameters blood lactate, blood glucose, pH and heart rate were evaluated before and during anesthesia and closely after recovery. The study showed that blood lactate concentrations decreased significantly during anaesthesia in horses treated with PiNO compared to non-treated horses. It was also seen that the lactate concentration decreased most in horses with the highest levels before PiNO treatment. Since enhanced oxygen extraction ratio was evident in the PiNO group, improved oxygen delivery to the tissue may be a possible explanation for the improved situation.