Injuries to the suspensory ligament represent a huge problem in equine veterinary medicine. As many of the affected horses are elite-competition athletes, there are high expectations on veterinarians to make these horses fully functional again. The suspensory ligament has several features which makes the healing process complicated. So far no treatment has shown to optimize the healing process. This has led to the testing of many new treatment methods, in order to find a consensus for the injury.

In a sustainable society the use of renewable energy and recycling of materials is of high importance. Wastewater treatment plants use large amounts of energy in the processing of wastewater. This study seeks to evaluate wastewater as an energy resource and to examine treatment plants potential to become sustainable energy producers. The study is based upon the internal processes of Himmerfja?rdsverket.

The most common way to treat wastewater in Sweden today is by a combination of an activated sludge process and a chemical treatment. These processes are not very energy efficient and may not be the most environmentally friendly. That is why it is interesting to evaluate new alternative methods to see if they can be less harmful to the environment and help to a lower resource consumption. New techniques are tested in a pilot installation at Hammarby Sjöstad, Sjöstadsverket. To be able to evaluate these techniques in a wide perspective system analyses are conducted where different impacts can be considered, advantages and disadvantages in the systems.Five system structures for water treatment have been constructed in Matlab/Simulink in this study.

Wastewater treatment is increasingly controlled by the Swedish environmental quality objectives, adopted by the Swedish parliament. There is a need for a sewage system that can fulfill stringent requirements concerning the environment, recycling and resource use and hygiene. Additional environmental aspects in recent years are the impact of climate change, new knowledge about the effects of pharmaceuticals in water, the need for improved wastewater treatment and increased recycling of nutrients to agriculture. This report has, from a future scenario of the year 2050, analyzed seven different systems for wastewater treatment and treatment of compostable biowaste from households in Eskilstuna. A future scenario was chosen based on that within a forty year period new challenges may arise which can result in higher demands on sewage treatment than those we see today. Another reason why the future scenario was established is that changes in wastewater treatment systems are slow to establish. The analysis is mainly focused on the economical aspects but environmental aspects such as emissions to receiving waters and potential recycling of plant nutrients has also been evaluated briefly.

Introduction: Anxiety and depression are common among patients enrolled in psychiatric outpatient care. Ear Acupuncture is an alternative form of treatment that has been shown to relieve anxiety and depression in previous studies.Aim: To evaluate ear acupuncture as a group treatment for depression and anxietyMethod: A psychiatric outpatient clinic has been offering group treatments with ear acupuncture for anxiety and depression for 5 weeks. Participants of the study have answered self-rating scales Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Sheehan Disability scale before and after the treatment period. Material was collected in the period 2008-2012 and has been analyzed in SPSS.Results: Data from 31 patients were included in the study. The results from the study showed a significant difference, between the measurements before and after treatment, with a reduction of the average values in the three different scales.Summary: From this study, it is difficult to draw any conclusions about the effect of ear acupuncture.

Hospital records of 32 non-racehorses referred to Skara Animal Hospital and Halland Animal Hospital, Sweden, between January 1995 and September 2001 for intraarticular fractures of the third phalanx, were reviewed, and follow-up information on final outcome was collected to determine whether any injury or treatment factors could be associated with the outcome. Mean age of the horses was 8.3 years (range, 1-20 years), and follow-up time ranged from 1 to 7 years after injury. In 11 (34%) of the horses, injury involved the front limbs. Twenty-two (69%) horses returned to their original level of use. There was no statistically significant correlation between outcome and elapsed time from injury to treatment, treatment variables, or bony union in the present study.

Ambulanssjuksköterskan ansvarar för en avancerad individanpassad omvårdnad i enoordnad prehospital miljö. Barn skall vårdas av personal som kan möta barnets fysiskaoch psykiska behov. Skadehändelser är den vanligaste orsaken till att barn vårdas påsjukhus eller avlider. I det pre operationella barnstadiet (2-7 år) är olycksfall denvanligaste orsaken till smärta. Forskning har dock påvisat brister i vården av barn medsmärta prehospitalt.

The object with the study of this literature was to describe differente programs of care and patients and relatives experience and opinion about the caring for patients with Anorexia Nervosa. The method the author used was a descriptive literature study based on imperial studies. The studies were based on 15 scientific articles within the chosen field. The results shows that these patients hade special needs to be seen and heard as individuals, involved in their own treatment, and have good contact with the caring staff. The study also shows which methods were mostly appreciated involving nurses, patients and relatives.

Bakgrund: Immobilisering a?r en vedertagen omva?rdnadsa?tga?rd inom dagens prehospitala traumava?rd, detta trots att det inte finns na?gra randomiserade kontrollerade studier anga?ende a?tga?rden. Ma?nga studier har dock visat att riskerna med immobilisering a?r ma?nga varfo?r det a?r viktigt att underso?ka omva?rdnadshandlingen na?rmare.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att underso?ka fo?rekomsten av radiologiskt faststa?llda spinala skador hos patienter som immobiliserats prehospitalt efter trauman, samt pa? vilka indikationer denna immobilisering gjordes.Metod: En kvantitativ retrospektiv studie da?r 288 journaler granskades i ambulansens journalsystem MobiMed 3.0 och i sjukhusets journalsystem Cosmic. Da?refter analyserades resultaten i SPSS deskriptivt och grafiskt, med chi2-test samt med oberoende t-test.Resultat: Resultatet visade att av de 246 patienter som genomga?tt en radiologisk underso?kning fanns en konstaterad spinal skada hos 48 patienter, vilket motsvarade cirka 17 %.

Inom psykiatrisk verksamhet händer det att patienter tar sitt liv under pågående behandling eller i direkt anslutning till en behandlingsperiod. Enligt patientsäkerhetsförordningen måste dessa händelser rapporteras och utredas. Syftet med patientsäkerhetsförordningen är att den ska främja hög patientsäkerhet inom hälso- och sjukvård genom att minska antalet vårdskador, oavsett om bristerna beror på systemfel eller på att vårdpersonal begått misstag. Fokus är således på ett patientperspektiv, därför känns det angeläget att studera upplevelser som väcks hos olika grupper av vårdgivare när en patient begår suicid.Frågeställningar: Behandlares upplevelser när en patient gör suicid.Metod: En kvalitativ intervju på fenomenologisk grund genomfördes med fem vårdgivare i psykiatrisk verksamhet, två sjuksköterskor med steg 1 utbildning och tre skötare.Resultat: Upplevelser hos vårdgivare som är med om en patients suicid kännetecknas av chock, traumatisk stress och sorg. Det väcks också tankar som rör den egna professionen och i en del fall oro för följder av beslut som i efterhand kan bedömas vara felaktiga.Diskussion: När vårdgivare intervjuas om sina upplevelser efter en patients suicid, berättas om olika reaktioner som inte uppmärksammats nämnvärt.

En amputation är avlägsnande av en kroppsdel och sker vid trauma eller tillfällen då det inte finns någon annan medicinsk eller kirurgisk lösning. Förutom trauma, som globalt är den vanligaste orsaken till amputation, är försämrad blodcirkulation en ofta förekommande orsak till LLA (Lower Limb Amputation). Livskvalitet bygger på en holistisk syn på människan och innefattar upplevelsen av ett givande och tillfredställande liv. Förlusten av en kroppsdel innebär en stor livsomställning med ett flertal faktorer som upplevs påverka livskvaliteten. Dessa faktorer är hantering av den nya livssituationen, benprotesen, depression och ångest, smärta, funktion och ADL, kroppsbild och sexualitet.Syftet var att beskriva faktorer som påverkar individers upplevelse av livskvalitet efter en benamputationFaktorer som påverkar den upplevda livskvaliteten hos personer efter en LLA är benprotesens påverkan på funktion och ADL, depression och ångest, smärta och fantomsmärta, kroppsbild och sexualitet.

This study is based on interviews with four youths that have been treated for problems such as drugabuse and criminality. The aim of this master´s thesis is to examine the youths experiences with the treatment they received, but also to examine how they look upon their own lifesituations. The study is presented in categories developed through the use of Grounded theory. The result points out that the treatment can be summarized mainly in two aspects- one concerning care and one concerning control. The first aspect includes supportive and friendly staff while control in this context stands for rules and supervision of different kinds.

AbstractBackground: Plantar fasciitis is the most common heel injury and is a long-term pain syndrom in the attachment of the plantar fascia to the calcaneus bone. The condition is treated mainly in primary care, but there is currently no treatment guideline for the treatment of plantar fasciitis in Sweden. The purpose of this study was to investigate which treatment that occurred in primary care in Dalarna, Gävleborg and Västmanland counties, which treatments that were most common alone and in combination with each other. The aim was also to investigate if the four most commonly used treatment methods as physical therapists said they had used were supported in the literature, and if there was any difference between county employees and private physical therapists in the choice of treatment method.Method: 100 physiotherapists in primary care in Dalarna, Gävleborg and Västmanland counties, received a questionnaire by mail. 80 of the 100 physiotherapists were county employees and 20 were private employees.

Pharmaceuticals that are found in marine ecosystems are a threatening environmental concern, which is known to harm both animal and plant life. One of the reasons for this problem is that the waste water treatment techniques are not optimized to clear waste water from its pharmaceuticals contain. In this master thesis four Swedish treatment wetlands were studied, and their ability to reduce numerous pharmaceuticals in waste water. The four treatment wetlands that were studied were those in Oxelösund, Trosa, Nynäshamn and Eskilstuna. Two ecotoxicological tests and chemical analysis were used.

At present indoor tethering of dairy cows is still common but is not predicted to take part of modern dairy production. When conducting scientific studies of cattle it is generally necessary to tether the animals to maintain a controlled environment. Studies confirm that tethering and confinements of cattle severely affects the development of stereotypies in cattle. The feeding regime and feeding level have an immense affect on the stereotypi level in cattle. The aim of this experiment was to study dairy heifers that had never been tethered before the start of the experiment, to evaluate the affect of tethering on the development of stereotypies and the impact of the feeding regime on the behavior of the animals. Sixteen dairy heifers were tethered in a tie stall and divided in two groups with different treatments. Heifers in treatment E were fed restrictedly with silage and treatment EH was fed with the same amount of silage but also straw ad libitum.