Background: Postoperative infections are a serious patient safety problem and affects about 3 % of all patients undergoing surgery. The consequences are prolonged hospital stays, high social costs, increased use of antibiotics and impaired quality of life for the patient. It has been shown that postoperative infections may be caused by contamination already in the operating room. Today we know that there is growth of microorganisms on the instrument table´s top, but there is a research gap about the instrument table's edges.Aim: To examine if the sterile drape on the instrument table´s edges are sterile after finished surgery.Method: Contact plates are printed on strategically selected areas on the sterile drapes top and edges. In the pilot study, a total of 51 cultures were taken at the end of three operations which lasted over three hours.Results: Growth on the top surface and the edges of the sterile drape were detected.

The electric car has existed for over a century and producers has tried to commercialize it earlier but has not succeeded. In recent years, however, a change occurred that may be significant for the electric car and it is now to commercialize in the market of passenger cars. The technology has in recent years elaborated as more car manufacturers have started to invest in development in the subject field. This thesis aims to compile an action plan for the development of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles in Uppsalahem ABs residential areas. It is based on a survey of different residential areas and a survey of charging infrastructure.

Today Scania give a high priority to the continuous improvements on the quality of their vehicles. To follow up the flaws in product quality, which are recognized by the repairs at the local workshops, material requests are carried through to be able to analyze the defects at the plant in Södertälje ? in purpose to improve the product quality. The material requests are also carried through to compensate the workshop for their expenses and to check that they are working according to the company?s warranty manual.Due to local routines and different distribution structures at the different markets the lead times and the costs caused by the flow of material are hard to estimate.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Scientists have over the last centuries realized that presurgical reduction of bacterial skin flora decreases the surgical site infections. Sponges, showers and washing with Chlorhexidine is today a standard procedure. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe the patient?s experience of the information given to them about the preoperative showers with hibiscrub. Method: Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data, and content analysis was used to analys the data.

Syfte ? Huvudsyftet med denna studie är att granska olika företags miljöredovisning, dess innehåll och omfattning, vilka deras huvudsakliga intressenter är samt hur de utformas.Metod ? Studien är av kvalitativ natur och inleds med en undersökning av såväl äldre som aktuell forskning rörande Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) och miljöredovisning. Detta följs av en granskning av 30 företags årsredovisningar samt, då det finns, CSR- och miljöredovisningar. Det har också utförts semistrukturerade intervjuer med tio personer ansvariga för miljöredovisningen i sina respektive företag.Företagen är indelade efter branscher; anläggning och transport, samt efter storlek; små, mellan och stora företag beroende på deras årliga omsättning.Resultat ? Ett något förvånande resultat som framkommit är det stora kundfokus som finns i miljöredovisningen hos små och medelstora (SME) företag något som förklarats i intervjuer med att detta ofta är business to business (B2B) företag och som sådana har de som regel endast ett fåtal men stora kunder som de lägger sitt fokus på och samarbetar med i framställningen av redovisningen.De stora företagen är mer inriktade på stordriftsfördelarna då de har för många kunder och andra intressenter för att kunna presentera personliga redovisningar till alla.

Detta examensarbete är utfört i samarbete mellan Centrum för högpresterande stål (CHS) på Luleå tekniska universitet samt Scancon Industrimontage AB. Syftet med arbetet har varit att konstruera en portabel bro för fyrhjulingar som kan tillverkas av Scancon i deras verkstad med befintliga maskiner. Arbetet innefattar hela kedjan i en produktutveckling med start i behovsanalys och idégenerering och slut i en färdig produkt redo för serietillverkning. Under konstruktionen har Siemens NX6 används för modellering samt LS-DYNA för hållfasthetsanalyser. Projektet resulterade i en teleskopisk brobalk tillverkad i 1 mm tjock höghållfast plåt.

Skotningskostnaden utgör ca 10 % av skogsindustrins totala råvarukostnad. Medelskotningsavståndet har stark inverkan på skotningskostnaden. Detta medför att skotningsavståndet är viktigt att skatta rätt, för bra planering och korrekta kostnadskalkyler. Vid gallring och föryngringsavverkning skattas terrängtransportavståndet subjektivt av SCA:s planerare. Körning under pålastning och lossning räknas inte in i det skattade avståndet, utan sträckan avser den bästa verkliga körsträckan från virkets tyngdpunkt på trakten till avläggets tyngdpunkt.

Today's climate and environmental issues have now been up for discussion for quite long. Various environmental measures have been taken, but it is not always certain that those measures actually are for the better because of the complexity of our environment. Therefore, studies of whole life cycles are very important even if they are time and resource intensive.Real estate accounts for 15% of global carbon emissions, but also affects our environment in many other aspects. In Sweden this number is even higher. About 30 % of its carbon dioxide emissions originates from building sector and changes are therefore of great importance.

Today's climate and environmental issues have now been up for discussion for quite long. Various environmental measures have been taken, but it is not always certain that those measures actually are for the better because of the complexity of our environment. Therefore, studies of whole life cycles are very important even if they are time and resource intensive.Real estate accounts for 15% of global carbon emissions, but also affects our environment in many other aspects. In Sweden this number is even higher. About 30 % of its carbon dioxide emissions originates from building sector and changes are therefore of great importance.

The purpose of the study was to describe the nurse´s role and experiences aroundpreparation of children in front of peripheral venous catheter (PVC) placement andblood draw. The study used a descriptive design with qualitative approach and wasperformed on a pediatric clinic in Sweden. Semi-structured interviews were performedwith seven nurses of whom the first was a pilot interview, which was included in theresult. The recruitment of nurses was made by a purposeful sampling, maximumvariation sampling, with help of the quality coordinator of the pediatric clinic. Thecollected data was analyzed with the manifest qualitative content method.

Internprissättning är priser på varor eller tjänster som levereras mellan enheter inom ett större företag. Det visar sig att interna priser kan göra det möjligt för ett företag att mer effektivt styra företaget mot de gemensamma målen. En debiteringsmodell kan användas för att koppla interndebitering till en utförd leverans där en skriftlig begäran skickas elektronisk till mottagaren med besked om belopp och vart pengarna ska betalas. Priset som anges är antingen baserat utifrån en prislista som uppdateras kontinuerligt eller beräknas omgående och fastställs per beställning. Genom att bygga in servicenivåer i en debiteringsmodell kan beställningsbeteende inom intern logistik ändras genom att chefer gör beställare medvetna om hur deras val påverkar produktionsenhetens ekonomi. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka huruvida en debiteringsmodell för intern transport kan förändra beställningsbeteenden och sänka kostnader för intern logistik.

This thesis describes the evaluation of a prototype (Illustrator) for future simulator training of Within Visual Range - combat in the Swedish Air Force. The main focus was to collect and transform user acceptance data (expert opinions) to useful guidelines for continued development. Thirteen active fighter pilots participated in the study. The aim was to use expert opinion to study a) the psychological user acceptance, and b) the technical user acceptance, of the Illustrator together with c) gathering opinions for future improvement. Three psychological aspects were rated before and after the sessions to measure psychological user acceptance.

Introduction: In the past years children in primary school age has become increasingly sedentary. One of the school nurses' main task is to provide tools for students to make healthy choices. During the health visit, the school nurse gets the opportunity to inform and talk about health and physical activity with the students.Aim: To describe how shool nurses? work to motivate students to physical activity.Methods: The authors have conducted a pilot study that will form the basis for a large-scale study. Four nurses were interviewed using an interview guide based on open-ended questions and a qualitative content analysis was used when the interviews were analyzed.Results: The analysis revealed two categories and four subcategories.

With the elevated oil prices of today it is necessary to look for other heating alternatives. If the oil price continues to develop in the same way it has done the last years it will soon be impossible for many producing garden companies to survive. The purpose of this diploma work is to compare three different fuel options in order to find the most economic one considering the conditions of Katrinebergs Handelsträdgård AB. In relation to oil it is profitable to change to any of the three alternatives: wood chips, wood pellets and grain. The most profitable option is to change to wood chips. This alternative has a payoff time less than three years and after that the annual saving compared to the oil is relatively high. The annual cost is 65 % of the cost of the oil alternative.

At the beginning of the nineties, a new form of organisation, the process organisation, was about to be born. The features of the process organisation were a flexible organisational that works in a world where the pace of development is increasing all the time. Today there are many organisations that have mapped their processes, but in order to truly become a process organisation, the processes among other things have to be in harmony with e.g. organisational culture. Which effects the organisational culture has on the process organisation is yet unexplored, but however quite crucial.