Landstinget i Östergötland upphandlar sedan 2001 samtliga godstransporter från externa leverantörer. Detta examensarbete har som syfte att inför en kommande transportupphandling 2006 utreda behovet av godstransporter och hur kostnaderna för dessa transporter ska fördelas inom Landstinget i Östergötland. Målet var att förenkla existerande avtal och ta fram en lösning på hur förändringar av transportnätet ska kunna hanteras med minimal administrativ arbetsinsats. Lösningen skulle också innebära att landstingets kostnader kunde hållas låga.Studien har visat att det genom att standardisera transporttider går att förenkla transportavtalen avsevärt. Transportören erbjuds också större frihet att anpassa landstingets körningar till övriga uppdrag, vilket möjliggör lägre priser.

This thesis has been done on a haulage contractor company named GP-Last (AB Gustav Perssons Åkeri) and the purpose with the paper was to analyse their traffic from Malmö to Stockholm and leave suggestions on efforts that GP-Last can use to increase their level of transportation quality. This has been done with two main questions, which problem do they have today and which efforts they need to do to solve their problems? Through a case study with interviews as method to collect data it showed that GP-Last had four main problems.        Not enough information about their freights. The transport planning unit in Malmö doesn?t have the exact delivery address when GP-Last begins to bring in the gods.        There are no clear routes.

En hållbar samhällsutveckling beror på tre faktorer; naturen, människan och samhället. I dagens läge vill människan minimera de påfrestningarna som miljön och omgivningen utsätts för. Det är därför viktigt att se över hur resurserna utnyttjas. Ett bra exempel på detta är att befintliga trafikleder inom tätbebyggda städer byggs över, sådana projekt kallas överdäckningar. På detta sätt skapas både byggbar yta och negativa effekter av trafikleder minskas inom tätbebyggda områden.

2013 a decision was made that all projects at the Swedish Transport Administration shoulduse BIM (Building Information Modeling) to some extent from 2015. BIM is an approachthat allows for streamlining of projects by the use of a 3D-model created in an early stage ofthe project. The 3D-model can carry information about the facility throughout its life cyclefrom planning to management. The use of a 3D-model can help the project to detect errors inearly stages of the project when it is easy and cheap to fix the error instead of finding theerror in the construction phase when it is costly and time consuming to fix it. 3D-models alsolead to improved communication both within the project groups and with the public.

Syftet med studien var att beskriva specialistsjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda kritiskt sjuka personer inom flygmedicinsk transport. Totalt intervjuades sju intensivvårdssjuksköterskor vid två sjukhus med helikopterverksamhet knutna till sig. En kvalitativ tematisk innehållsanalys utfördes på intervjuerna och resulterade i ett tema och sex kategorier. Temat som framkom var Säker intensivvård under flygmedicinsk transport. Kategorierna som framkom var Att egen erfarenhet och teamsamarbete behövs i svåra situationer, Att ställas inför dilemmat om närstående kan närvara eller ej, Att känna patientens och egen rädsla, Att uppleva vårdmiljön som en intensivvårdsplats med begränsat utrymme, Att en högljudd miljö försvårar kommunikationen under pågående flygtransport, Att planera och kontrollera för att minimera risker.

External shopping malls in the context of urban sprawl have, according too much of the previous research, had a negative connotation when it comes to urban planning and a sustainable society. In recent years, some of this research on the issue has changed course towards that it might be some positive opportunities and elements in this development, given that it follows certain patterns. This latter development is what we have chosen to look deeper into in our study, Sustainable urban sprawl.The shopping mall Allum in Partille center has been the subject of this case study, to explore how people's shopping habits and travels in connection with these purchases has been affected by the establishment of an external shopping mall from a sustainability perspective.The method we used was a questionnaire distributed at workplaces in Partille. The collected data were then analyzed by using some of the dominant urban planning theories, for thus underpin our analysis. We have supplemented the study with a collection of information on existing and planned shopping centers in Gothenburg region.Our study shows that external shopping centers located in already developed areas, with an existing social structure, can help to create a more compact city with fewer and shorter shopping trips, and more sustainable transport choices when purchasing goods and services..

More relevant price comparisons between groceries are possible. This study points outone possible path through an example. The purpose of this approach is to develop amodel in a realistic context. The main assumption behind the proposed model is thatprice always has to be compared to quality. The model (algorithm) starts with a basketwith the cheapest goods.

The aim of this thesis is to identify some of the obstacles to trade, that occurs on the common market, and to analyse the errors that still occurs in the national authorities application of the principle of mutual recognition. Is the principle of mutual recognition sufficient for the creation of a common market, or is there a need for additional measures to cope with the obstacles to trade that still exists on the common market? The problems related to the incorrect procedures of the national authorities and the fact that undertakings prefer to bring their products in to line with the rules of every single member state must be solved, if the principle of mutual recognition is to become trustworthy. On some areas, harmonisation ought to be chosen above the principle of mutual recognition, but in other cases an increased administrative collaboration, mandatory training for the national authorities or information campaigns intended mainly for undertakings could be the answer. The possibility to help undertakings to sue member states for damages should also be investigated.

For this essay, 12 liters of cremated bones from the Viking age grave mound RAÄ Berga 134:1 in Trotteslöv, Berga parish, Småland have been osteologically analysed.  The aim with this paper concerned questions as sex, age, number of individuals and animal species in the grave. Further questions that have been investigated are the relationship between the osteological sexdetermination and artifacts as well as which role animals played in burial rituals and as grave goods.The grave contained a middle-aged woman and a number of sacrificed animals: two horses, two dogs, three birds, a boar and a cat. The bones were fragile and very fragmented. One of the birds was determined as a bird of prey, and that together with findings of horses and dogs indicates hunting with bird of prey, an activity performed only by powerful and wealthy individuals.  The woman was buried in a mound of notable size, and with common grave goods for the time period: combs, beads, bronze and iron items. An unusual finding was textile which indicates high status. The number of sacrificed animal species also suggests that the grave belonged to a powerful individual. During the Viking age animals generally played an important role in grave rituals and as items to be used by their master in the next life.

Syfte och frågeställningar:Syftet med studien är att kartlägga skolelevers transporter på en skola i en stödjande miljö.- Hur stor andel av eleverna använder aktiv transport?- Vilka faktorer påverkar de elever som inte använder aktiv transport till och från skolani en stödjande miljö?Metod:Studien genomfördes med en enkätundersökning som delades ut till sammanlagt 63 av 75 eleveri årskurs fyra på en skola i en söderförort till Stockholm. Det externa bortfallet bestod av deelever som av någon anledning inte var i skolan på undersökningsdagen. Skolan ligger i enstödjande miljö för fysik aktivitet. En pilotundersökning genomfördes på ca 60 elever i årskursfem där synpunkter kunde lyftas fram och enkäten reviderades innan den slutligaundersökningen.Resultat:50/63 elever använde någon form av aktiv transport till skolan.

Det har blivit allt vanligare att ta med sin hund på resa, vilket bland annat kan bero på att det numera är både billigare och lättare att resa med hundar, sedan Jordbruksverket 1 januari 2012 införde nya regler rörande införsel av hund. I denna litteraturstudie sammanställs tillgänglig litteratur för att undersöka hur sällskapshundar påverkas av stress och om transport är stressande, samt vilka faktorer som är av betydelse under transporten. Stress kan ge både fysisk och psykisk påverkan och på sikt påverka immunförsvaret och öka mottagligheten för infektioner. I flera studier på olika djurslag har en ökning av bland annat hormonerna kortisol, adrenalin och noradrenalin uppmätts vid stress. Olika typer av beteendeförändringar kan också uppkomma i samband med stressfyllda situationer, men vilka beteenden som uppkommer varierar mellan individer och olika stressorer.

Title: A Business Perspective on Reducing the Climate Impact from Tetra Paks Transportations of Goods. Authors: Pär BerglundSebastian Lyngström Supervisors: Lars J Nilsson, Environmental and Energy Systems, Lund UniversityNils Månsson, Department of Business Administration, Lund University Problem Analysis: Increased awareness concerning climate change will put pressure on companies to reduce their climate impact. Problems arise when trying to reduce the impact from transportations due to companies? limited control on forwarding agents and difficulties measuring the emissions. Purpose: From a business perspective, this report will enable a reduction of the climate impact that arises from Tetra Paks transportation of goods.

Detta examensarbete, på uppdrag av Atlas Copco Rock Drills AB, syftar till att kartlägga de problem gällande vibrationer som finns och uppstår vid användandet av produkten Scaletec MC och komma med förslag till lösningar på ett nytt system som bättre hanterar vibrationer än det befintliga. Lösningarna är avgränsade till hytten och hyttens koppling mot ramen. Kartläggningen av Scaletec MC visade att den största problemskaparen är den långa bommen med den tunga hydraulhammaren framtill. Den skapar rörelse i hytten både vid skrotning och vid transport. Vid transport är även den odämpade stolen, de ojämna vägarna och det faktum att axlarna är stela ett stort problem som genererar helkroppsvibrationer hos operatören.

The main objective of this study was to evaluate animal welfare situation in Ethiopia during slaughter and to investigate chain activities between animal markets and Kera abattoir in Addis Abeba. In total, 442 animals were observed within 52 groups of cattle; both ox and calves with different breeds. The study was divided into four different sets of data collection; behavioural observations, recording of slaughter process, observation during transport and interview. During the behavioural observations, an ethogram was used with 46 behaviours observed, categorised into 5 different groups. The data was calculated using Excel and SAS. The results indicated that a significant correlation (p-value.

Geographical indications designate products which have a specific geographical origin, which can either be national, regional or local. The subject is complicated since geographical indications arises a large number of questions There are EC regulations which regulate the protection of geographical indications, but since the field has not yet been exhaustively harmonized, the existence of national rules of protection is therefore still possible, which can lead to trade barriers between the member states. Consequently, one problem consists in whether it may be legitimate to restrict the free movement of goods by article 28 in the EC Treaty by referring to national rules of protection and to what extent such measures may be justified by article 30 or by the Cassis doctrine. An additional question consists in how the line between geographical indications and generic terms is to be established appropriately. Further, geographical indications are exposed to improper use by other dishonest commercial operators and therefore the possibilities of protection against unfair competition and misleading are also discussed in the thesis.