The development of software was considered until the beginning of the 1990th as a cathedral like product development in closed companies. This way of development changed in the last decade. Open source software (OSS) development challenged this consideration significantly. OSS is produced in co-operation by skilled people, distributed and used by many moral agents. The result, the software itself, can be studied and modified.

Syfte: Huvudsyftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka ett företags givna transportstrukturs miljöpåverkan i växthusemissioner eller CO2e. Detta genom att med hjälp av olika verktyg och teorier ta fram ett antal scenarion som har en lägre miljöpåverkan än befintlig transportstruktur. Det sekundära syftet är att ta fram modeller som hjälper företaget att ta hänsyn till de ekonomiska kostnader som kan vara kopplade till en omstrukturering av transportstrukturen.Metod: Kvalitativa intervjuer om grön logistik och vilka verktyg som används i detta arbete samt en kvantitativ datainsamling i beräkningar av emissioner med hjälp av NTMCalc.Slutsatser: Ett antal olika scenarion togs fram där miljöpåverkan uppskattades, utifrån dessa valdes 5 stycken ut som hade en lägre miljöpåverkan än befintlig transportstruktur. I dessa utvalda scenarion tas hänsyn till ytterligare faktorer som exempelvis ledtider, hur många landsgränser som måste korsas, tätortskörning etc. Då det inte finns ett ekonomiskt underlag för vad ett transportstrukturbyte skulle kosta förs det en diskussion med rekommendationer över åtgärder vid ett byte av transport..

Regulation of rivers by dams and reservoirs is a good example where anthropogenic impact could be considerable both in the local environment, but also has major implications upstream and downstream. This study was accomplished as a literature study of the river Nile, which is extremely important for water supply. The purpose of this study was to investigate the consequences of the construction of the Aswan High Dam, to obtain a consistent flow for water supply, irrigation and power generation in Egypt. Since Egypt has a very hot and dry climate large amounts of water in reservoir is lost to the Nubian aquifer system and by evaporation. The consequences from constructing the dam are considerable.

ABSTRAKTBakgrund: Interhospitala transporter innebär ökade risker för medicinska komplikationer för den kritiskt sjuka patienten. Inom ramen för intensivvårdsjuksköterskans kompetens ingår att kunna utföra omvårdnad till den kritiskt sjuka patienten under interhospitala transporter. Sjuksköterskor med specialistutbildning inom intensivvård kan under transport av kritiskt sjuka patienter uppleva oro. För att kunna förbättra omhändertagandet av patienten är det av intresse att ta reda på om det finns fler perspektiv och upplevelser av arbetet vid denna komplexa situation som en interhospital intensivvårdstransport innebär.Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva intensivvårdssjuksköterskors upplevelse av att vårda kritiskt sjuka patienter under markbundna interhospitala transporter.Design: Denna studie har en kvalitativ design.Metod: Semi-strukturerade intervjuer med åtta intensivvårdssjuksköterskor spelades in och transkriberades för att sedan analyseras med tematiskt analys.Resultat: Ur analysen konstruerades tre huvudteman. Att sträva efter att ha kontroll över situationen, Betydelsen av ett bra samarbetet i teamet och Att utmanas i sin yrkeskompetens.Slutsats: Resultatet visade att transportera kritiskt sjuka patienter mellan sjukhus kan ge upphov till både negativa och positiva känslor.

This Masters thesis is made as the first of two visitor surveys of three urban forest areas. These areas are; Skutan recreational area in Haninge, Ugglevikskällan on Norra Djurgården in Stockholm and the Paradiset Reserve in Huddinge. The study is made in cooperation with the managers of the three areas operating within the European Union Life Project regarding Urban Woods for People. The goal has been to collect data through studies of visitors and close by residents in the three areas. The results are to be used as primary values for the follow-up as well as a basis for managerial decisions. The interviews and surveys are also constructed in a fashion so that they can be used for the follow-up study. For the Skutan recreational area the mode of contact was by sending forms to the nearby residential areas.

In this essay, I research and discuss new spirituality (or what is commonly known as New Age) within some congregations in the Church of Sweden, Gothenburg. I question how and why this new spirituality has come to be accepted in parts of the Church. My hypothesis is that the church is a part, and a reflection, of a larger change throughout society, and I claim that this change depends much on the individualization and globalization during the last decades.The research is conducted through interviews with representatives from the Church ofSweden who are in charge of new religious activities. During these interviews we discuss their views on the change that has already taken place and is going on today.The interviews are then analyzed by applying rational choice theory on them. I discusswhether the Church can be seen as a producer of goods and services and if the churchgoers canbe seen as consumers of these goods and services.

Background: The incidence of caesarean section for breech presentation has reached approximately 90 % in Sweden. In many of these cases, by means of specific selection criteria, it would be as safe to plan for vaginal breech delivery. Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate differences in management and to compare maternal and fetal outcomes according to delivery mode of breech presentation; vaginal vs. caesarian section. The study included breech presentation in full term singleton pregnancies at the UppsalaUniversityHospital, Uppsala, Sweden (UAS). Method: The study was based on medical record data with a retrospective, descriptive, comparative design with quantitative approach. The method for data collection was a manual review of patient records using a structured questionnaire. Results: Of the women with children in breech presentation during the period studied, 11 % gave birth vaginally.

In the two years 1994 and 2013 the focus of the Swedish media in the school debate has been on segregation, freedom of choice, and support for weak students. In 2013 while the media was still united on the above issues the overall emphasis is on profitability. In 1994 the focus was more on weak students who in 2013 are considered unprofitable.The purpose of this essay is to study the Swedish media and their debate on Swedish schools and witch concepts related to "one school that fits all" in the year 1994 and also in 2013.We have analysed related articles and their concepts, norms, and values to see if there are any differences between their focus on the said issues in the two years.We have also studied the ideas and concepts that came under scrutiny and discussion in these two years, and shall investigate if there are differences in the debates conducted in 1994 and those conducted in 2013..

This thesis aims to develop proposals and models for a modular electronics construction to a future D250S Dual battery charger. The aim also includes investigation of possibilities to use some of Texas Instruments C2000 microprocessors. The reason for this is that CTEK SWEDEN AB wants to renew the present D250S Dual battery charger and lower the manufacturing costs. The thesis work has involved gathering theoretical facts for the development of a design on the modular electronic construction, the choice on which microprocessor to use, the choice of electronic components and facts about peripheral equipment to the D250S Dual. With the theoretical there has been developed different solutions to the proposed hardware and software solutions with comparisons in aspects of positive and negative.

En studie om hastighetsbegränsningar i banöverbyggnaden och kontakledningsystemet på Västkustbanan Helingborg - Lund..

Background The stocksaving has during the last century increased and become more popular in Sweden and during the last 20 years the number of Swedes who save in stocks has more than doubled. While the interest in stocksaving has increased so has the interest in private saving. Today there is a group of people who live of the income which is generated from the stockmarket, they are called ?Daytraders? and they do ?Daytrading?.  They constantly observe the stockmarket and act as soon as new information that can affect the stockrate is revealed.

Användandet av mobiltelefoner och antalet personer som surfar på Internet har ökat avsevärt de senaste åren och för att förena dessa två tekniker skapades WAP, som kort kan beskrivas som en möjlighet att surfa på Internet via mobiltelefonen. Det förutspåddes en stor efterfråga på en sådan här tjänst men något hände. WAP fick inte så stor genomslag som förväntats. I början var det krångligt att använda tekniken och det var ont om telefoner och tjänster. Abonnenter debiteras i dag per minut vilket utgör höga kostnader för den flitiga användaren.

Utbudet av tidningar är idag brett. Inom tidskriftsbranschen konkurrerar magasinen om konsumenternas uppmärksamhet i hopp om att konsumenterna ska köpa just deras tidning. En faktor som kan påverka dem att konsumera är omslagets utseende. För tidningsmakare gäller det att utforma ett attraktivt omslag vad gäller bild, färg och textpuffar. Omslagets utseendet är av stor betydelse för lösnummerförsäljningen, vilken i sin tur utgör en stor del av tidningsupplagan.Syftet med undersökningen är att undersöka utseendet på fyra modemagasins omslag.

Approximately 60 million cubic meters of round wood are transported every year with trucks in Sweden and stand for 15 % of all truck transportation in the country. The big amount that is transported results in many haulage companies works in different parts of the country with different conditions to get a good flow on their transports. Today the transport pricing is very general and the payment consists of the unit round wood they are transporting and the distance of the transport. The purpose of this study were, from the freighter and the haulage company?s perspective, try to find ways to change the today applied transport pricing to more differentiated and compare them to historic payment of transportation.

Everyday life mobility of elderly people ? opportunities, restrictions and sustainable urban visions aim to examine and describe elderly people?s movement patterns, their opportunities and restrictions of reaching high mobility and accessibility, and their attitude towards various sustainable urban visions. This paper is based on an approach of time-space geography as it covers the topic of movements in time-space, explained and developed using the concepts of mobility and accessibility. To examine elderly people?s attitude towards sustainable urban visions, this paper also takes approach on theories such as New Urbanism, mixed-use and the compact city.The method used in the study is an interweaving of a time geographic diary and qualitative interviews, where the respondents are six retired people between 68 and 77 years old living in Gothenburg city.