Understory vegetation and fungi are regarded as important ecological drivers of processes like productivity and nutrient cycling in boreal forests. Whilst those processes are linked to soil water content, relatively little is known about the sources of soil water for these forest components. During early autumn in boreal forests, temperature falls and large events of rain are frequent which may influence soil water availability. To better understand the autumn plant-soil-fungi water relationships in this ecosystem, I used stable isotopes techniques in this study to examine the water sources for ericaceous shrubs and fungi in a Scots pine forest following a large, early autumn rain event. I hypothesize that ericaceous shrubs of two functional groups (evergreen vs.

Uppsatsen behandlar hur USA: s president George W Bush använder civilreligiösa inslag i sin retorik under sitt första år som president. Han startade ämbetsperioden med att använda religiösa anspelningar i sitt installationstal., för att sedan fortsätta i samma anda hela året. Bush är inte den första presidenten att använda sådana retoriska knep. Ända sedan USA: s grundande har presidenterna förstärkt sin talarkonst genom att hänvisa till Gud och att landet är utvalt av Gud - ett nytt Israel. Landets presidenter har alltid varit mer eller mindre övertygade om att Gud står på USA: s sida.

In this thesis, a transparent model of the human head has been constructed which was filled with a substance that represented the brain. This model was later crash tested. This was done in order to examine how a transparent model of the human head can be constructed to generate accurate data from crash tests. It was also done in order to examine how impacts on the front of the head can deform the rear of the brain. When a head is decelerating, the brain moves forward inside the skull and may hit the front of the skull.

In this thesis, a transparent model of the human head has been constructed which was filled with a substance that represented the brain. This model was later crash tested. This was done in order to examine how a transparent model of the human head can be constructed to generate accurate data from crash tests. It was also done in order to examine how impacts on the front of the head can deform the rear of the brain. When a head is decelerating, the brain moves forward inside the skull and may hit the front of the skull.

In this thesis, a transparent model of the human head has been constructed which was filled with a substance that represented the brain. This model was later crash tested. This was done in order to examine how a transparent model of the human head can be constructed to generate accurate data from crash tests. It was also done in order to examine how impacts on the front of the head can deform the rear of the brain. When a head is decelerating, the brain moves forward inside the skull and may hit the front of the skull.

In Sweden the work of reducing acidification and its prime cause; emission and deposition of sulphur dioxide, has been going on for decades. Despite of all the work that has been done the positive progress in the acidified areas is slow. This is partly due to a long recovery time for the acidified areas but also because the reductions of emission and deposition of sulphur dioxide have not been large enough. Emissions of sulphur dioxide from land based source in Sweden are estimated to 34 000 tons in the year of 2010. During the same year, approximately 182 000 tons of sulphur dioxide will be deposited over the Swedish territory.

Debattörer menar att nyttan med revision bör överstiga kostnaden som den medför för att det skall finnas en revisionsplikt. Utifrån detta argument frågade vi oss vad revision tillfredställer för behov hos intressenten eller det vill säga vilken nytta intressenten upplever med revision. För att kunna jämföra nyttan med kostnaden måste nyttan preciseras med ett värde, revisionens värde. Först då man vet vilka behov som, genom revision, tillfredställs hos de olika intressenterna kan man försöka finna de omständigheter som leder till att detta behov förändras. Syftet med undersökningen är att förklara revisionens värde genom att identifiera de faktorer som påverkar revisionens värde och därmed kunna granska fenomen såsom förväntningsgap och revisionsplikt.

I Sverige är det vanligt att man separerar ko och kalv redan några timmar efter kalvning. Enligt jordbruksverkets regler måste kalven få i sig råmjölk inom 6 timmar efter att kalven har blivit född för att försäkra att kalven får i sig immunglobiner, antikroppar som är väsentliga för kalvens immunförsvar. Antingen tillåts kalven dia råmjölk på naturlig väg eller ges råmjölk till kalven via en hink eller napphink efter att kalven har blivit flyttad till en ensambox. I ekologiska produktionssystem är det tillåtet att hålla kalven i ensambox i upp till en vecka, sedan flyttas den oftast till en gruppbox med andra kalvar. I konventionella system är det tillåtet att hålla kalven i ensambox i upp till åtta veckor.

Maternal behaviour is crucial for the development of the rat pups? behaviour and stressresponses later in life. There are numerous studies evaluating the effects of the dams?behaviours on the pups, but not many addressing what can be made for wellbeing of the ratdams when breeding. Few studies have addressed the question of how the commonly usedrearing environment effects the dams? behaviour and in the long run how it effect the ratsreared to become our research models.

Title: Every second week. A study on how co-parented children do family. The aim of the study is to explore children?s day-to-day experiences of co-parenting. It focuses on how the children actively participate in the process of shaping family life and their own childhoods in the context of family change.

Single vehicle accidents are one of the most common types of accidents that occur on the Swedish road network. Depending on the design of the road, the presence of a crash barrier and embankment on the roadside, the outcome of a roadside collision can lead to serious injuries and even deaths.The aim of this project is to investigate the possibility of improving road safety by designing the optimal roadside area based on the results of a life cycle cost analysis (LCC).The questions that have been answered during the duration of this project are:1) Describe the current technical solutions for roadside area design and the various barrier types used in Sweden.2) Complete an existing mathematical model that has been developed by Hawzheen Karim, for calculating life-cycle costs for various roadside areas.3) Calculate and compare the life cycle costs for the side area with a barrier and without a barrier.By performing an analysis of the documentation on the current guidelines and rules for shaping the roadside, was it possible to describe the current technical solutions for the formation the roadside as well as the current roadside barriers in use today. A mathematical model for calculating the life cycle costs of different barrier types had already been developed by Hawzheen Karim. This model was supplemented so that it could calculate life-cycle costs of the roadside region with and without a barrier. After the model was completed, an analysis was performed to obtain life-cycle costs of a roadside with and without a barrier.The result showed that there is a clear relationship between the slope inclination, fill height, and the rate at which the costs rise.

I?ve tried to find the most effective and cost effective way to harvest straw for energy recovery.You can choose between round bales and big square bales. Square bales are the cheapest way to produce straw for fuel recovery because you can optimize the length of the bales so they fit the transportation equipment.In the Malmö area the average days of harvesting hay is 55. The effectively of transportation depends mostly of the speed, the distance and density of the bales. To increase the capacity of bale transportation larger loads and higher density of the bales is necessary.

To achieve a working collaboration in a big, complex organization where there are vast requirements on both quality and profitability is not always an easy task. An example of this is the organization that was created in the Swedish railway industry following a series of deregulations during the past 25 years. A partial market in this organization is the railway maintenance. In order to achieve a working collaboration between actors in this organization the so-called Purchaser-provider model (PPM) is presently used for the procurement of rail maintenance projects. Previous research has shown that this market-based instrument has clear positive effects regarding the cost-efficiency but hinders the collaboration.

Byggbranschen ställs inför stora prövningar med högt satta mål inom klimat- och energipolitiken och en omfattande påverkan på naturmiljön till följd av dess stora material- och energiomsättning. Demonstrationsprojekt i byggbranschen anses vara ett viktigt steg i utvecklingen av ny byggteknik, men samtidigt finns det ett gap mellan goda resultat som demonstrationsprojekten kan uppvisa och det traditionella arbetssättet (Femenías, 2004) . Samtidigt som det finns ett behov av satsningar på miljöanpassad nyproduktion, finns det också ett stort behov av god förvaltning av våra befintliga byggnader. Bebyggelsen som helhet förnyas väldigt långsamt; drygt 90 procent av de hus som finns år 2020 är redan byggda (Miljövårdsberedningen, 2004). Byggnaders driftsskede har en betydande del i bygg- och fastighetssektorns miljöpåverkan (Byggsektorns kretsloppsråd, 2001), vilket ställer höga krav på fastighetsbolag och fastighetsförvaltare.Syftet med denna rapport är att belysa fastighetsförvaltarens roll i arbetet mot en hållbar utveckling, men också den eventuella problematik som råder med förvaltning av fastigheter som byggs som miljöprojekt.

I Sverige kan individer antingen bedömas begränsat eller obegränsat skattskyl- diga. Anses individen bosatt, stadigvarande vistas eller väsentligt anknuten fö- religger obegränsad skattskyldighet och svensk beskattningsrätt för samtliga in- komster. IL räknar upp olika grunder på vilka individen kan bedömas väsent- ligt anknuten på. Antalet rättsfall på området påvisar dock stora tolkningspro- blem. Studier visar emellertid att tre faktorer i synnerhet har tillmätts större uppmärksamhet och betydelse än övriga och uppsatsen avser att undersöka om de tre bedöms tillräckligt starka att ensamma medföra väsentlig anknytning.