Umeå Energi are working towards a goal, that in the year of 2018, they will be completely climate neutral. As a part of this, one target is to reduce their grid losses by 4 % of the 2012 level, which corresponds to an overall reduction of the grid losses of just over 1.7 GWh. In many residential areas, the distribution grid is designed and rated for electric heating as the heating in the houses. As many of the houses later has been converted to other types of heating, their electricity use has decreased and the total power output from many of the secondary substations has decreased significantly. Because of this, many of these stations today are well oversized, which in turn means that the energy losses in these stations are unnecessarily high.In this degree project, 25 secondary substations have been studied, all located in residential areas in and around central Umeå.

In Halland, agriculture is the major source of eutrophication of water. In the study, synoptic sampling were performed in the three watercourses Nyrebäcken, Skintan and Vinån all located in the county of Halland. Sampling occurred during the period February to May on three occasions with different flow rates: high, low and base flow. Samples were taken in the mainstream and tributaries with intention to show how big the impact of eutrophication it is in the water and  to assess the impact of the tributariesThe results show that all watercourses are affected by eutrophication. Nyrebäcken has the highest concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the mainstream, then Skintan and last Vinån.

In this study, the efficiency of a newly launched predatory mite, Amblydromalus limonicus, has been examined for its potential to use as a biological control agent in cucumber production. A. limonicus can be used for biological control of two thrips species, Frankliniella occidentalis and Thrips tabaci. Field trials were conducted in greenhouses of two conventional cucumber growers in Scania, the southern part of Sweden. The basic control agent used against thrips was the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii. In selected areas, additional A.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om en experimentellt inducerad endotoxinemi orsakar stegringar i plasmakoncentrationen av cardiac troponin I (cTnI) samt om det finns ett samband mellan koncentrationen av cTnI och frekvensen arytmier registrerade på EKG. Åtta friska varmblodstravare fick en kontinuerlig intravenös infusion av endotoxiner (total dos 500 ng/kg) samtidigt som EKG registrerades. Blodprover togs varje timme under infusionen samt 1, 2, 3, 6, 10 och 24 timmar efter infusionens slut och analyserades avseende koncentrationen av cTnI med hjälp av en hyperkänslig analysmetod. En häst exkluderades från försöket då denna uppvisade en förhöjd initial koncentration av cTnI. Samtliga sju hästar uppvisade signifikanta stegringar i koncentrationen av cTnI som nådde sitt högsta medelvärde (0.135 ± 0.094 !g/L) en timme efter infusionens slut.

Stressful routines for animal handling can reduce immune function and productivity of animals. If stakeholders are handling animals aversively, animals will show increased expressions of fear for humans and higher stress levels which lead to the compromise of animals? welfare. In Ethiopia, there are no legislations to protect animals from suffering or discomfort. The main objective of this study was therefore to analyse welfare of cattle on animal markets in Ethiopia and map out supply chains of animals to these markets.

Följande studie applicerar en experimentell analysram (baserad på kritisk diskursanalys och Köpenhamnsskolans teorier om säkerhetisering?) på diskursiva mikrostrukturer, d.v.s. specifikameningar i specifika texter, i japanska debattartiklar om kollektivt självförsvar, i syfte att på ett systematiskt vis åskådliggöra diskursiva analogikedjor om hot på mikronivå. Studien överväger även det sätt, på vilka diskursiva mikrostrukturer samverkar till att skapa narrativa makrostrukturer ? s.k.

Conjunctival swabs from 12 cats in a Swedish animal shelter were analyzed by real-time PCR for FHV-1, Mycoplasma felis and chlamydiae. The purpose of this study was to see whether and to what extent these agents can be detected and if they were detected from cats housed in quarantine or in the adoption department. Samples were first taken upon arrival at the quarantine and then a second sample was taken two weeks after moving to the adoption department, or upon presentation of signs of disease. The cats spent the quarantine period in two separate quarantines: five in a new quarantine (quarantine A) and seven in a room in the old shelter (quarantine B). The difference between these quarantines was that in B the cats were often mixed together ant the hygiene routines were not as good as in quarantine A.

Purpose The purpose of our study was to investigate the changing nature of volatility during the last 80 years. Like in an American study, we tried to find some trends in the risk of stocks and bonds that would have an impact on the balance of a portfolio of stocks and bonds. At the same time we investigated the influence of inflation on the choice of portfolio. Methods We have used standard statistic tools and formulas to obtain our results. In most cases it was a matter of calculating average and standard deviation.

År 2010 avskaffades revisionsplikten för små bolag i Sverige vilket gör att det numera är frivilligt för dessa bolag att ha en revisor. Det är kombinationen av Sveriges låga gränsvärden för undantagande av revisionsplikt, samt avsaknaden på tidigare forskning i en svensk kontext som motiverar denna studie. I denna undersökning, som bygger på ett slumpmässigt urval av 400 svenska små bolag, testas faktorer som i utländska studier tidigare funnits påverka efterfrågan på frivillig revision. Detta görs för att se om samma samband finns i Sverige. Vi förutspår att efterfrågan på revision påverkas av företagets storlek, skuldsättningsgrad, risk och ålder.

Glulam?s position at the Swedish market for building constructions has been established over the past decades. Factors affecting glulam demand are found both in global and national contexts as well in customer attitudes and knowledge of the material. Arguments for environmentally friendly and sustainable construction processes and energy-efficient designs are nowadays common, which is something that should motivate increased usage of wood as a renewable material. For the glulam industry to increase its sales, improve profitability and thereby gain market share in present competitive climate, reliable market information and updated market intelligence is required.

En sammanfattning av uppsatsen på maximalt 8000 tecken..

Affärsänglar spelar en mycket betydelsefull roll för svenskt näringsliv. De är en viktigkapitalkälla för unga och nystartade företag då de bistår med kapital till riskfyllda och osäkraprojekt som inte attraherar andra finansiärer på marknaden. Syftet med föreliggande studie äratt förklara varför affärsänglar väljer att gå in med kapital i företag där andra finansiäreravstår på grund av risk och osäkerhet. Målet är även att redogöra för hur affärsänglar bedömerett investeringsförslag utifrån ett riskperspektiv. Genom att ta del av tidigare forskning somberör utvärderingsprocessen har vi arbetet fram ett antal faktorer som kan påverkariskbedömningen.

The report addresses four main tasks, situation analysis of the company's total costs and transportation volume, cost analysis associated with the adjustment of the filling ratio, transport costs for the expansion and new expenses on a combination of expansion with new adjusted filling ratio.  Increasing transport costs for the company was the main reason for the request of the current situation analysis. A survey of the total cost with the actual volumes and transport provider pricing is the basis of the analysis that extends from May 2006 to October 2008. The results show an increase in costs, both overall expense and per cubic meter of transported goods. Volume spreads, trends, and seasonal variations are according to our and the company?s expectations.

Background: Infectious Diseases Institute points out that the potential of various viraldiseases possibly can block each other. It is said that the virus that causes common cold,Rhinovirus, may have saved many people from the flu. If this assumption proves true, itwould explain why some viral diseases in some countries have been slow to take off and pointto a new way to struggle influenza. Objective: The main purpose of this study, based onreported cases of RSV and influenza type A, type B and H1N1, investigate whether viraldiseases can block each other, i.e. difficult season of flu may delay and / or mitigate thespread of RSV in Sweden.

Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) is a tree species that have its natural distribution along the West Coast of North America, from Alaska in the north to northern California in the south. Sitka spruce is a typical coastal tree species that can reach heights up to 85 meters and occurs in single pure as well as in mixed stands. The main purposes of this study were to describe the Sitka spruce growing characteristics and the volume production in comparison to spruce (Picea abies). The possibility to predict future volume production by using prognosis tools designed to be used on spruce were also studied. The material that has been used in this study are permanent sitka trials established by the Faculty of Forestry fixed Sitka trials and also material gathered in this study. A literature study was also carried out in order to determine the Sitka spruce growing characteristics. Sitka spruce has a high adaptation and a high volume production on a broad scale of soil types. The tree species is a pioneer species that has a fast early growth and in combination with sharp needles it is less susceptible to animal browsing than spruce. The factor that is the single most limiting factor for where the Sitka spruce can be planted is frost. This factor can be limited by using plant material with a well-suited provenance. According to the literature, the Sitka spruce has an average total volume production that is between 20-40% higher than spruce.