In today's globalized world it is essential to achieve goal congruence within a multinational corporation despite the distances between the headquarters and subsidiaries. A case study has been performed to examine how control of sales units within a Swedish multinational corporation is achieved. Otley's framework has been used in the study to provide an overall picture of the control system where the analysis is based on five areas: key objectives and goal evaluation, strategies and plans, target setting process, incentives and motivation as well as information flows. To complement this framework, theories of convergence and divergence by Busco et al. have been used as well as theories of hierarchical control and self-control by Holmström.

In total 249 horses surgically treated for colic in Sweden during 2002 until 2005 were studied. The horses was identified by the animal insurance company Agria. Survival was studied with respect to age, gender, breed, diagnosis (small intestinal problems, caecal problems, large intestinal problems, incarceration in nephrosplenic ligament, unspecific colic and other colic problems) and treating hospital. Different survivals were calculated. For short-term survival proportions was used and for long-term it was done using Kaplan-Meier technique and log-rank testing.

Icelandic horses are becomming increasingly common in Sweden. The owners of Icelandic horses in Sweden usually believe their horses to be different from other breeds. Icelandic horses are predominantly considered to be less reactive, less neophobic and easier to handle than other breeds. Swedish owners of Icelandic horses also usually try to house and handle their horses in a way similar to the traditional extensive Icelandic way. There are no scientific studies of breed differences between Icelandic horses and other breeds, or of the housing of Swedish Icelandic horses.

The honour norm is strong within the Middle East but is scattered all over the world. As a result of immigration, the honorary context has become more established in Sweden. Violence, committed in the name of honour, is commonly executed by male family members. Thus, young men are forced, in some degree, to participate in the oppression and control of their sisters. Violence exercised in the name of honour, can be traced back to the patriarchal family system in which woman are subordinate to men.

Problembakgrund och syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka huruvida det finns samband mellan pensionsredovisningsmetoder och volatilitet i bolagens Eget kapital. Enligt pensionsredovisningsforskningen finns samband mellan pensionsredovisningsmetoder och volatilitet i total Eget kapital. Enligt Amir skapar redovisning av aktuariella vinster och förluster mot Eget kapital (totalresultatet) upphov till volatilitet i Eget kapital. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om forskningen som påvisar detta samband även stöds gällande Large Cap bolagen i Nasdaq OMX Nordic Stockholm. Stämmer det att bolag som redovisar pensioner mot Eget kapital (totalresultatet) påvisar större volatilitet i Eget kapital än bolag som använder andra pensionsredovisningsmetoder? Detta är den grundläggande problemställningen i uppsatsen.Metod: För att svara på syftet använder vi oss av bolagens årsredovisningar där vi undersöker vilka pensionsredovisningsmetoder bolagen väljer och volatilitet i total Eget kapital mellan åren 2006-2011.

This final thesis is performed on commission of Hargs Bruk Ltd. Hargs Bruk manages one of Sweden?s largest privately owned forests. A main part of the managed forest is situated in Roslagen in eastern Uppland. Since 1934 felling calculations have been performed within the estate every tenth year.

More than 1000 Swedish Warmblood foals are shown every year at foal inspections which are arranged around the country. Six traits are evaluated at these inspections: type, head-neck-body, correctness of legs, walk, trot and canter. No previous genetic studies have been done on the data from these evaluations. The purpose of this study was to do genetic analyses of the traits which are evaluated at foal inspections. The purpose was also to see if there are any correlations between the results of the foal inspections and the results from the tests of three-year-old horses.

There is a contradiction between not wanting to be alone, craving for fellowship, but still not wanting to socialize with just anybody. The purpose with this paper is to inquire into individuals experiences of loneliness and of fellowship, as well as the tension between individual/ and social needs. The empirical material consists of five semistrucured interviews with a mix of individuals with one common factor; they were all frequently visited the meeting/place Nyfiket in Helsingborg during the summer 2011. The result were interpreted on the basis of E.Goffmans theory concerning the inevitable role-playing in everyday life, E.Fromms discussion about individuals ongoing espace towards- or away from things in life. But also on the basis of Robert S.

The competition for Norway spruce pulp wood in Central Sweden increases, forcing the supply-structure of Holmen to face two important challenges. Firstly, it is of the outmost strategically importance to secure the long-term supply of Norway spruce pulp wood to the industries. Secondly, Holmen desires to increase the obtainable volume of Norway spruce pulp wood. This would enable the company to choose volumes in the lower price-segments and thereby decrease the dependency of costly marginal volumes. As this work shows, one part in managing these challenges could be to lower the quality standards concerning root rot (Heterobasidium annosum). Facts presented in the work shows that: 1. Technically, the TMP-industry of Braviken can handle a much more rotted pulp wood than that used today, although the cost of refinement increases.

Self-driving cars are soon to become a reality to the commercial market. A self-driving car does not have a human operator, which enables some interesting characteristics. The main benefits are considered to be:The number of accidents and traffic jams should be reduced.Enhanced comfort.Energy usage could be decreased while capacity could be increased.This study concerns the causes for improved energy efficiency. The reason for improved energy efficiency is mainly because of the variation in terms of acceleration, braking and distance holding are reduced. The vehicles are more intelligent and can work together as a unity.

This thesis has been carried out on behalf of IV Produkt AB and intends to set an average ratio of thermal energy losses in apartment buildings that were built during the 1960-1990. This shall be derived by analyzing the total district energy consumption that has been divided into three parts: heat energy losses (the actual heating requirements), the heating of domestic hot water and heating energy consumption for the controlled ventilation.Three different residential areas that were built during the years 1962-1966 and one that was built in 1993 has been analyzed. All residential areas are located in Växjö urban and contains between four and six apartment buildings.The analyzed objects have a mechanical exhaust ventilation systems and district heating as the heating method. No own laboratory work or experiments have been done in this thesis, the calculations have been done on the basis of parameters from VEAB, interviews with property managers, and literature studies. By calculations, we have got a result that is reported in Chapter 6.

Syfte och frågeställningSyftet med denna systematiska litteraturstudie är att kartlägga och evidensgranska tidigare forskning som undersökt om fysisk aktivitet kan minska sömnbesvär. Vetenskapliga studier har granskats för att undersöka om fysisk aktivitet påverkar sömnbesvär. Målsättningen var att undersöka om det finns ett vetenskapligt stöd för att rekommendera fysisk aktivitet till personer med sömnbesvär.Frågeställning:Kan fysisk aktivitet användas för att minska sömnbesvär?MetodEn systematisk litteratursökning utfördes i databaserna Pubmed, Sportdiscus och Discovery. Detta resulterade i att sex randomiserade kontrollerade studier inkluderades för en systematisk analys medan 1649 artiklar exkluderades på grund av att de inte mötte de uppsatta inklusionskriterierna.

Syftet med denna studie är att öka den energitekniska förståelsen för en byggnad med kombinerad fjärrvärme och frånluftsvärmepump, i hänseende till ålder, storlek, klimatskal och tekniska installationer, samt öka kunskapen om energieffektivisering och dess kostnad för inblandade parter. Studien har gjorts genom energianalys av fastigheten för att kartlägga energianvändningen och därigenom kunna ge åtgärdsförslag på energieffektiva lösningar på befintliga system. Energianalysen visar att nio möjliga åtgärder, där en reducering av inomhustemperaturen och byte till snålspolande munstycken är tongivande, kan genomföras med en total energibesparing på 170 MWh/år och en total kostnadsbesparing på 295 kkr/år, vilket motsvarar en minskning av energin med cirka 11 % och en minskning av kostnaden med cirka 24 %. Anledningen till att reduceringen av kostnaden kan bli så mycket större än reduceringen av energianvändningen beror på att det går att byta nuvarande munstycken till mer snålspolande. Detta medför en minskning av energianvändningen med endast 27 MWh/år då den största reduceringen är av tappkallvatten, men den ekonomiska besparingen blir 157 kkr/år på grund av den minskade vattenförbrukningen.

On children born with a complete cleft lip and palate (CLP) the repair of the alveolar ridge doesn´t take place before the children are about ten years old. This results in that they have a residual cleft in the alveolar ridge during their early childhood. This residual cleft, and the oronasal fistulas that may appear after the repair of the hard palate, can result in a negative influence on the speech of the children. Thereby it may be necessary with cover for examplewith a palatal plate or an obturator. At the Department of Orthodontics, at Linköping University Hospital, Sweden, some of the children with CLP undergo treatment with sustained palatal fistula obturation in order to cover fistulas or residual clefts.

This Masters thesis aims at presenting a picture of, and critically examining, the Swedish debate concerning the public library and the future by way of 21 articles in three library periodicals. The questions examined are: -What are the views concerning the future public library in Swedish library press? -What characterizes the debate and why? Theories on political institutions and information society are used and the method is hermeneutic, a type of idea-analysis. The first step in the analysis consists of a categorized presentation of the material. The themes concern the form and content of the library as well as competence and hopes/fears.