Den svenska rennäringens primära inkomstkälla är försäljning av renkött. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka ett antal faktorers inverkan på utbudet av renkött. Metoden ordinary least square har använts för att göra en ekonometrisk studie baserad på statistik för åren 1980-2003. De faktorer som testats är total ersättning, vilken inkluderar avräkningspris samt kvantitetsbaserad subvention, och renstammens storlek. Resultaten i vår undersökning visar att total ersättning inte är signifikant på någon testad nivå, däremot fann vi att renstammens storlek hade positiv korrelation med utbudet på renkött.

Introduction: Sex and education level has demonstrated effects on health status.Osteoarthritis is a widespread disease that causes reduced health-related quality of life and isthe most common reason for total hip replacement. Osteoarthritis was ranked as the 11thhighest contributor to global disability as reported in the Global Burden of Disease 2010.Aim: The aim of this study was to explore how sex and education level together affectedhealth-related quality of life after total hip replacement. The aim was also to examine whatdimensions of EQ-5D that changed.Methods: The study is a prospective observational study with a quantitative approach. Dataconsisted of education level, obtained from Statistics Sweden (SCB) and health-relatedquality of life before and one year after total hip replacement from the Swedish HipArthroplasty Register (SHAR). Health-related quality of life was measured with astandardised instrument, the EQ-5D, and the study population consisted of 39,141 patients.Results: Womens? EQ-5D-value, before and one year after surgery, were lower in alleducational categories compared with men.

Purpose: The aim with the report is to investigate if the South East Asian customer on the food processing market base their investments on Total Cost of Ownership and if so, which are the cost drivers considered most vital. Moreover, do these cost-drivers diverge from the perception FP Ltd has, and if so, can a Total Cost of Ownership-model help to achieve a mutual understanding? Methodology: First a descriptive approach will be taken, identifying FP Ltd?s employers? perception on how to meet the customer. This will later be compared to our empirical findings of the actual customer behaviour in Thailand and Vietnam. Thorough analyse of the gap between the two parts will give us the outcome whether or not FP Ltd will have any use of presenting a quantitative model justifying their higher price.

Following an increase in hostile foreign activity. The discussion regarding Sweden?s defense force´s ability to perform its task has come to a new heading. With the end of the cold war as a major revolution in matters of international security, a major overhaul has taken place to transform the static total defense plan of the nation to a less rigid operational system.Following an analysis of the budgets total amount from the governments of 2002 until 2015 it is clear that while the amount of resources has never directly been lowered, it has shrunk in relation to the countries total GDP. The possible futures for the defense of Sweden bring three possibilities forward in correlation three unique perspectives on military and political policy.Out of the three possibilities the focus on military strength as a political resource seems to be garnering the most support with the latest incursions made my foreign submersibles and the ever growing presence of 5th generation of warfare.

The purpose of this thesis was to make an energy survey and quantify energy flows of individual unit operations associated with the biogas production in Uppsala Vatten och Avfall AB:s biogas plant, located at Kungsängens gård. Moreover, large consumers of energy would be identified and analyzed. The objective of this energy survey was to obtain a detailed understanding of the energy use in the biogas production.The energy survey was divided into two parts: electricity and heat. Each part was treated separately and with somewhat different approach. To estimate the electricity usage during the projcet the rated power of each selected unit operation was noted and multplied with thenmeasured time of usage.

The purpose of this thesis was to make an energy survey and quantify energy flows of individual unit operations associated with the biogas production in Uppsala Vatten och Avfall AB:s biogas plant, located at Kungsängens gård. Moreover, large consumers of energy would be identified and analyzed. The objective of this energy survey was to obtain a detailed understanding of the energy use in the biogas production. The energy survey was divided into two parts: electricity and heat. Each part was treated separately and with somewhat different approach. To estimate the electricity usage during the projcet the rated power of each selected unit operation was noted and multplied with the measured time of usage.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of capital structure in Swedish small and medium sized firms. The study includes 24.859 Swedish firms which are further analyzed with regards to their financial characteristics. These characteristics consist of short term debt, long term debt and total leverage. The study compares the relationship between these characteristics and six independent variables.The result shows that profitability is the greatest determinant for capital structure in Swedish small and medium sized firms with regards to total leverage. When profitability increases the total leverage of the firm decreases.

Syfte: Syftet med denna systematiska ?versiktsartikel ?r att unders?ka om spirulinaintag har en effekt p? blodlipidniv?er hos vuxna m?nniskor, oavsett h?lsostatus. Metod: En systematisk litteraturs?kning utf?rdes i databaserna Scopus och PubMed. S?kningen organiserades enligt tre block: ett spirulinablock, ett lipidblock och ett RCT-block. Inklusionskriterierna var: studier p? vuxna m?nniskor, med spirulina som interventionsbehandling och placebo som kontrollbehandling; studier publicerade 2018 eller senare, p? svenska eller engelska, som unders?ker effektm?tten HDL-, LDL-, totalkolesterol och triglycerider; samt interventionsduration om minst ?tta veckor.

Studiens syfte har varit att undersöka hur transsexuella personer passerar som sitt upplevda kön och om det finns några skillnader mellan hur transsexuella män respektive transsexuella kvinnor passerar. Transsexuella personer beskrivs ofta som en utsatt grupp i samhället som ibland råkar ut för negativ uppmärksamhet genom olika typer av stigmatiseringar, till exempel för att de inte följer heteronormen. Därför valde jag stigma och queer som teoretiska begrepp för att analysera empirin. Materialet varvas även utifrån de centrala teman som vuxit fram genom tio kvalitativa intervjuer i en abduktiv analys. Resultatet ger sedan exempel av hur transsexuella personers vardag kan se ut genom kopplingar med hur väl de passerar som deras upplevda kön.

The use of gabions means a reduced amount of filling material in the road section and a more narrow construction. Also the use of limestone cement columns can be reduced. All together this results in lower costs. The columns stand for about 55% of the total costs for the road. If gabions are used you can reduce the total costs with over 10%..

Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva hur sjuksköterskor inom äldreomsorgen skattar sin arbetssituation utifrån strukturell- och psykologisk empowerment, arbetstillfredsställelse, upplevd hälsa, vårdkvalitet samt chefs- och ledarskap. Vidare var syftet att studera skillnader och samband mellan ovan nämnda faktorer utifrån subgruppers (ålder, yrkesverksamma år, heltid/deltidsarbete och uttag av kompetensutvecklingsdagar) skattningar. Under 2011 ? 2012 besvarades fyra standardiserade frågeformulär av 79 äldrevårdssjuksköterskor i fem kommuner i Mellansverige. Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskor som var 50 år eller yngre upplevde att de fick mer kritik än äldre sjuksköterskor.

Syfte: Syftet ?r att sammanst?lla det aktuella forskningsunderlaget f?r att unders?ka om intag av bl?b?r f?r?ndrar lipidniv?er hos m?n och kvinnor ?18 ?r j?mf?rt med att inte inta bl?b?r. Metod: I denna systematiska ?versiktsartikel har en litteraturs?kning genomf?rts. F?r att specificera unders?kningsomr?det har arbetet avgr?nsats till m?n och kvinnor ?18 ?r med interventionen intag av bl?b?r (os?tade f?rska, frysta eller frystorkade) tillsammans med normalkost som har j?mf?rts mot inget bl?b?rsintag (normalkost, placebodryck, -pulver eller -kapsel med pulver). Utfallet som har unders?kts var f?r?ndring av totalkolesterol (TC), triglycerider (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) och high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Studiedesignen f?r inkluderade studier var RCT, minst singelblindad med en interventionsl?ngd p? ?1 vecka.

I detta arbete presenteras en metod för bestämning av fri kotinin och totala mängden kotinin i urin och serum. Metoden bygger på hydrolys av prov (för total bestämning av kotinin) och extraktion i metylenklorid. Bestämning av kotinin har gjorts med HILIC-MS/MS..

Bakgrund: För att kunna bli organdonator måste en patient avlida i total hjärninfarkt medan han/hon vårdas i respirator. Det är få personer som avlider på detta sätt.  När döden har fastställts får medicinska åtgärder inte fortsätta mer än 24 timmar. Sjuksköterskan som bör vara med i hela processen, står inför flera utmaningar; är patienten lämplig som organdonator? vad är patientens önskan? vad är anhörigas önskan? m.m. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att vårda en potentiell organdonator med diagnostiserad total hjärninfarkt.

Eutrophication is a major problem in the Baltic Sea, as a result of increased loading of nitrogen and phosphorus. In the coastal parts of Östergötland the soil largely consists of clay and contains high levels of phosphorus bound to clay particles. Erosion of the soil in agricultural areas makes the water turbid and transports phosphorus to the Baltic Sea. The aim of this project was to examine the relationship between phosphorus and turbidity in the coastal streams of Östergötland. The aim was also to evaluate the possibility to use turbidity as a surrogate measure for phosphorus.