Det vanligaste ekonomiska styrmedlet är budgetering, budgetering används i alla branscher oavsett hur stor den externa osäkerheten är. Den här studien behandlar och granskar hur budgeteringsarbetet ser ut i organisationer som verkar i en osäker miljö, där vårt fokus riktas mot hockeyklubbarna i de två högsta hockeyligorna i Sverige.Syftet med uppsatsen är att förklara hur organisationerna i de två högsta hockeyligorna i Sverige arbetar med budgetering. I syftet ingår även att redogöra för hur organisationerna hanterar extern osäkerhet. I den teoretiska referensramen presenteras de olika definitioner och tidigare forskning som finns inom budget, budgetering samt osäkerhetsfaktorer. I studien har använts en kvalitativ metod med verktygen; personlig intervju, mejlintervju samt dokumentinsamling.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva hur Handelsbanken och Nordea styr sina organisationer.Fokus ligger på hur styrningen mellan dessa aktörer skiljer sig, samt hur det påverkarmedarbetarna. Då ekonomistyrning och verksamhetsstyrning skiljer sig från varandra ville vise hur medarbetarna påverkas av respektive styrsätt. Handelsbankens styrsätt skapades av JanWallander under tidigt 1970-tal. Han menade att budget kunde vara skadligt motorganisationen och utvecklade istället ett styrsystem som bygger på verkligt utfall och endecentraliserad organisation. Detta ger indikationer på att Handelsbanken använder ett merverksamhetsinriktat styrsätt.

Partnering is a collaboration method where the contractor and the client work together, based on a mutual trust towards each other and with a common goal for the project. The method originates from the United States where it was early adapted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. It later spread internationally where the United Kingdom and Denmark were early in Europe to see the potential with partnering, to help aid with the issues they were having where construction projects kept running late, going over budget and lacked in quality. By using partnering you can achieve a shorter building time, improved work relationships and enhanced efficiency and cost effectiveness.

The essential thing about breaks has been in relation to time, body, movement, force and room during my examination. Through conversations high-school students from two schools have taken part in this study. The examination is based on conversations with the students and has focused on students? experiences of breaks, and is also carried through by the method of phenomenology. The results of my studie show that students - during their breaks - experience a feeling of allways heading for something and also that time seem to exist in three levels: filled time, non-filled time and flow regarding of time.

Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att söka en förståelse för hur budgetprocessen kan tänkas vara utformad hos några utvalda privata företag idag samt vilka syften som budgeten uppfyller hos dem. Vidare söks en förståelse för vilka för- respektive nackdelar som företagen upplever med budgeten.Metod: I uppsatsen har en kvalitativ undersökningsmetodik använts. Primärdata har samlats in via semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra utvalda företag, Sandvik MT, Boliden, Electrolux och Volvo. Även sekundärdata i form av böcker och vetenskapliga artiklar har legat till grund för undersökningen.Slutsats: Sandvik MT, Boliden och Electrolux tillämpar en årlig traditionell budget vilken de kompletterar med kvartalsvisa prognoser. Volvo å andra sidan tillämpar enbart ett prognosförfarande där prognoser tas fram månadsvis för fyra månader framåt.

Syftet med uppsatsen var att undersöka hur begreppen tillgänglighet och förebyggande i skollagen 2010:800 andra kapitlet 25 § beskrivs implementeras i grundskolekuratorers och en skolsocionoms arbete samt att granska budget på stats-, kommun- och förvaltningsnivå som berör skollagens fastställande av elevhälsa. Empirin utgjordes av enskilda intervjuer och olika officiella dokument. Intervjurespondenterna var fyra grundskolekuratorer och en skolsocionom. Dokumenten var i form av fem grundskolekuratorers arbetsbeskrivningar, deras procentuella tjänstgöring och elevantal på de skolor de arbetar samt budget på stats-, kommun- och förvaltningsnivå. Frågeställningarna var: Hur beskrivs lagens begrepp tillgänglighet och förebyggande av skolkuratorerna och skolsocionomen? Hur skildras fem grundskolekuratorers arbetsbeskrivning och hur skildras deras tjänster i procent i förhållande till det antal elever de ansvarar för? Hur beskrivs det i budget att stats-, kommun- och förvaltningsnivå har bidragit till implementeringen av lagen i elevhälsan? Vi använde oss av kvalitativ metod med kodning och komparativ analys.

One purpose of our study was to investigate if equality in work time and parental leave in a relationship affect the time that parents spend with their children. Our first hypothesis was that increased equality in work time and parental leave leads to a reduction of the parents? total time with their children, ie the children spend more hours in pre-school and begin pre-school earlier. In order to test our hypothesis, we investigated the relationship between the woman?s and the man?s work time and parental leave and the time that the children spend in pre-school as well as at what age they began pre-school by using two surveys.Our study showed a significant coherence between both working women?s work time and the children?s time in pre-school as well as women?s parental leave and the children?s age at start in pre-school.

This work is an exploration of a method and how to find balance between it and its contents. One part consists of a technical study on how to use UV light to yellow distinct surfaces on paper and the other is about how to find use of the method. The common denominator is determined as the consequence of the relationship between light and time. The result is three images that shows various traces of time with time as a graphic expression..

Purpose: We wish to gain a deep knowledge about product development processes in relation to the aspect of time in companies in highly technological and rapidly changing markets. The purpose is to establish how organizations better can employ time as a resource to make the product development process more efficient. Conclusions: Information we gathered from theory and primary data show that information flow, synchronization and time profit when seeing time in three dimensions are factors which should be reflected in the architecture of a product development process. To illustrate our findings, we decided to create a model..

This thesis aims to analyse a time series containing the annual accumulation rate of minerogenic matter in the lake Kassjo?n. First there is a theoretical survey of some frequently used tools for the analysis of time series in the time domain and in the frequency domain. This survey is followed by a simulation study that illustrates how the theoretical tools work in practice. After this, the time series "toolbox" is used to analyse the time series from Kassjo?n (5701 data points).

Title: The battle of the budget ? Communication in a modern policy (Slaget om budgeten ?Kommunikation inom den moderna politiken)Numbers of pages: 39Author: Niclas KarlssonTutor: Peder Hård af SegerstadCourse: Media and Communication studies CPeriod: Autumn 2009University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science,Uppsala University.Purpose/Aim: The purpose of the paper is to see how Minister of Finance Anders Borg andthe Social Democratic economic spokesman Thomas Östros communicate their messages tothe public.Material/Method: The material is the minutes of the budget debate in the SwedishParliament. The method is rhetorical analysis and content analysis.Main result: Trust making is very important for both of them, especially when the financecrisis reached Sweden. The most common rhetorical quality is ethos.Keywords: Strategic political communication, rhetorical analysis, political trust..

Background: Budgets has always been a main factor for the management of organisations. Yet, lately has the role of budgets been increasingly questioned. But how is an organisation managed without budgets and what other alternatives can be used? And can these instruments work more effective?Purpose: The purpose of this essay is to describe how non-budget management distinguish compare to traditional management and how to design an effective non-budget system of management. Furthermore we intend to explain the reasons to such management and to present a model for how such a management can be performed.Research method: Empirical material has been performed based on seven interviews with persons within Svenska Handelsbanken.

This thesis aims to analyse a time series containing the annual accumulation rate of minerogenic matter in the lake Kassjo?n. First there is a theoretical survey of some frequently used tools for the analysis of time series in the time domain and in the frequency domain. This survey is followed by a simulation study that illustrates how the theoretical tools work in practice. After this, the time series "toolbox" is used to analyse the time series from Kassjo?n (5701 data points).

Partnering is a collaboration method where the contractor and the client work together, based on a mutual trust towards each other and with a common goal for the project. The method originates from the United States where it was early adapted by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. It later spread internationally where the United Kingdom and Denmark were early in Europe to see the potential with partnering, to help aid with the issues they were having where construction projects kept running late, going over budget and lacked in quality. By using partnering you can achieve a shorter building time, improved work relationships and enhanced efficiency and cost effectiveness.

Zoo animals can be more or less disturbed by the presence of care takers as well as visitors. This may lead to stress and/or abnormal behaviour. The purpose with this study was to give a Time budget of the behaviour of the captive wolves? (Canis lupus) and occurrence of behavioural disturbances and how this is affected of human visitors. For this purpose the wolves at Nordens Ark have been studied during off season as well as on season. The zoo Nordens Ark is an idealistic foundation which was founded in 1988 and is located at Åby säteri, 130 km north of Gothenburg.