People have utilised and influenced the boreal forest for many centuries. Prior to the industrial revolution during the 19th century, however, human use primarily only had a low impact on the forest. When the timberfrontier swept over the country, the Swedish forests came to change for ever. The study site for this thesis is situated in the northern part of the county of Västerbotten, Sweden, and has previously been a National forest. Today the area is an ecopark and the land is owned by the forest company Sveaskog.

Shopping for groceries often means that, as consumers, we travel to the grocery store ourselves, by ear, bike or on foot. At the store we pick out the groceries that we want, go the register and pay for them. During the last couple of years consumers in Sweden have been given the opportunity to let someone else select and transport the groceries to their home instead, so called home shopping. As this report is being written, the possibility to buy groceries this way is somewhat limited, but many forecasters believe that in the near future it will increase immensely. Because of the large volumes of groceries that are being transported, there is great transport work being done in the supply chain.

In Sweden plans to build high speed railways have been around since the early 1990s and the planshave developed to be more precised since. The future Swedish high-speed rail network is supposedto consist of two lines. Götalandsbanan; from Stockholm to Gothenburg, and Europabanan fromJönköping through the Öresund Region to Hamburg.The description of the aim to build high-speed railways in Sweden has in former reports always beento achieve rapid passenger traffic between big Scandinavian cities and Europe. There are almostnothing mentioned about the possibilities of high-speed transports of cargo on these railways. Thisstudy aims to clarify the freight transport market for Götalandsbanan and Europabanan.Today there is only one transport system with high-speed freight trains.

Människan står inför en rad olika miljöproblem och skogen spelar en central roll som ett hållbart alternativ. Detta ställer i sin tur krav på skogsindustrin att leverera produkter till konkurrenskraftiga priser. För att göra skogsindustrins produkter attraktiva krävs ett starkt skogsbruk som kan tillgodose industrin med de råvaror den behöver i form av timmer och massaved. Sågverken är idag utsatta av hård global konkurrens och har därigenom behövt anpassa och effektivisera sin produktion vilket således ställt nya krav på skogsbruket. Skogsbruket klarar i dagsläget inte av att fullt nå sågverkens längdkrav på grund av en alltför stor längdvariation på kapade stockar.

According to the Board of Forestry, in Västerbotten, many natural regenerations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) carried out on privately owned forest in the middle of 1990 in Västerbotten have rendered a bad regeneration outcome and will provide a low future forest production. The Board of Forestry believes that the negative result can be explained by the fact that the regeneration has been carried out in wrong locations and that scarification failed to work as planned. In order for an accepted rate of regeneration the guidelines of the Forrest Act require, not less than 10 years after final cutting at natural regeneration, that there should be at least 1300 (site indices 16 m) - 1700 (site indices 20 m) main crop stems per hectare. Main crop stems are defined as stems according to the place of growth and appropriate tree type, in addition with regard to quality, stage of development and damage risk have a prospect of succeeding. In addition main crop stems should be separated by surface so that the proportion sample plots with 3 meters radius, and lack main crop stems, are not more than 10 % of site indices 14 meters or higher.

SCA har idag cirka 280 000 hektar beskogad med contortatall (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm). Stora delar av den arealen har kommit in i, eller är på väg in i, gallringsbar ålder.

The modern silvicultural practices of today, with cutting by compartments, have led to a large benefit for the moose population through the cleared areas which produces large amount of fodder. This new landscape can produce and feed a large moose population. But it will cause a conflict effect towards the landowners; the conflict consists of browsing mainly in the young pine forest. The result from browsing and damage will be sparse stands with reduced growth and technical damage like leader shoot browsing, stem breaking and damage of the bark. Technical damage can kill the tree or damage it so hard that it would not work as future saw timber.

An introduction to the complexity which surrounds the matters of land in the northern parts of Sweden was the purpose of this thesis. The agriculture colonization, the delimitation and the development of forestry and mining business were big events which are shown from the view of property rights. The situation of the Lappish people and how their situation has changed through the history was the main theme of the thesis. Hopefully this thesis will also serve as a support while reading for example investigations published by the government and judgments by courts. Supply to the resources of nature has always been decisive for the survival of humans.

Syftet med examensarbetet har varit att åstadkomma en kapacitetsökning i Thom Lightings lager i Landskrona. Målet var att bestämma hur en lämplig lagerlayout med ett smalgångsalternativ skulle se ut och hur mycket kapacitetsökning denna lösning skulle åstadkomma. Ytterligare en målsättning var att se över vilka rutiner som krävs för att skapa ett effektivt lager och slutligen göra en simulering som visar hur lagret skulle se ut och fungera.För att få inblick i existerande lagersituation och den förväntade lagersituationen har studier och datainsamling gjorts på företaget. Detta har gjorts genom intervjuer med berörda och statistikinsamling i existerande dokument. Materialet har översats i en modell vilken har simulerats i AutoMod?.Lagret består idag av ca 7800 pallplatser och innehåller kontinuerligt ca 1300 lagerförda produkter och lika många kundorderstyrda produkter.

Ett ökat brukande av skog enligt skötselprinciper som leder till skiktade beståndsstrukturer, en blandad trädslagssammansättning och kontinuerligt skogbeklädd mark har potential att öka den biologiska mångfalden och värdet för rekreation (Emborg m.fl. 2000, Berg m.fl. 1995, Mattsson & Li 1994, Holgen m.fl. 2000). I ljuset av detta, tillsammans med svårigheterna som finns att nå goda ekonomiska resultat vid skötsel av ädellövskog (Lindén & Ekö 2002), ses det idag som angeläget att uppmärksamma och studera alternativa skogsskötselmetoder (Cedergren 2008) . I östra Blekinge har ett antal skogsägare under längre tid praktiserat en metod att sköta naturligt föryngrad ek i blandbestånd som går ut på att, mer eller mindre tidigt, frihugga ekhuvudstammar, och att dana kvalitet genom stamkvistning/beskärning.