Since the end of the eighteenth century forest damage caused by the pathogen Gremmeniella abietina has been observed and documented. During the latest epidemic in Sweden more than 480 000 hectares forest land have been injured and this has lead to considerable economic losses. For the pathogen to succeed with infection, spore dispersal and colonization the right environmental conditions is required. The aim of this paper is to describe the diseased stands using site and stand characteristics and to evaluate the effect of these variables on the disease incidence. Further, the thinning performed during the time for spore dispersal and its relationship to injured stands is examined.

Frigoscandia Freezer AB have seen themselves as an entrepreneur company for a long time, but have lately begun to realise that they have to go against a more administrative era. With that insight they have begun to examine their enterprise in order to achieve this. The division Team Spare Parts has started a project with the intention of checking-up the inventory management, and improving it for the future. To get support for this and other point of views, they decided to let us do our exam thesis as a part of the project.The first part of the thesis deals with the appropriate inventory theory. All calculations in the other parts of the thesis have been based upon this.

Inledning: Anknytningsbaserad familjeterapi (ABFT) syftar till att stärka relationen mellan ungdomar och föräldrar genom att bearbeta ungdomens känslor kopplade till anknytningsbrott i relationen. Denna studie fokuserar på det terapeutiska arbetet med känslor.Frågeställning: Vilka terapeutinterventioner kan man urskilja som bidrar till att ungdomar uttrycker känslor i ABFT?Metod: I denna kvalitativa fallstudie har ett urval sessioner av en videofilmad ABFT observerats och analyserats med avseende på hur ungdomens känslomässiga nivå förändras och vilka terapeutinterventioner som föregår förändringen.Resultat: Då terapeuten frågar eller uppmanar ungdomen att berätta om förberedda sårbara teman för föräldrar och samtidigt uppmanar föräldrarna att fråga och spegla empatiskt, stiger den känslomässiga nivån förutsatt att uppmaningarna är kopplade till ungdomens mer eller mindre implicita känslor. Känslor uttrycks i lägre grad vid individuella samtal med ungdomen.Diskussion: De enskilda interventionerna uppfattades inte vara det viktigaste för arbetet med fördjupning av känslor i denna terapi. Snarare var det att skapa ett gemensamt mål för arbete kring de känsloladdade teman som formulerats i terapin vilket är i linje med terapins intentioner.

The aim of this study was to examine if biological early maturing girls and girls that percieved that boys treated them as older than they actually where drank more alcohol, were more delinquent, had more romantic relationships and sexual intercourse. Our data was collected from seven schools in Sweden. Significant relationships where found between early maturation and all four dependent variables. Significant relationships could also bee seen between how girls perceived that boys treated them and alcohol use, romantic relationships and sexual intercourse. For two of our dependent measures we found week interaction effects, for girls biological maturation and there perception of how boys treated them according to there age.

In this essay I examine how a municipal- and an independent upper secondary school compare to the ideal types the Company and the Political organization and how that affects the school practise as it?s described in policy documents. The conclusions are that the municipal school on a number of variables correlate to the ideal type the Political organization. At the same time the school reforms of the 1990s are considered as an intention to ?companylize? the municipal school and a number of tendencies how that have affected the municipal school are shown.

In today?s changing environment, creation of projects by organizations has become more common. The problem is, though, that the knowledge of the subject is still limited which causes many projects to fail. This has made it extra important to have a good project manager whocanlead the project in the right direction. While doing this both the project method and the project manager?s motivation are contributing sources.

En sammanfattning av uppsatsen på maximalt 8000 tecken.The purpose of this study was to analyse if there are in-store consumer behaviour differences between the consumers that use ASF and the consumers that not use ASF in store. More precisely this study had two objectives. The first objective was to create a conceptual model depicting the various behavioural effects that the use of ASF may result in. These variables were tested empirically in order to analyze if the use of ASF influence in-store consumer behaviour. The second objective was to analyze if there are differences in the routes taken by the consumers in store, in relation to whether the consumers use the ASF or not..

This essay deals with development in Latin America. We have picked out some factors that the theories in development theory emphasize on. The first section of the study consists of a statistical analysis, were the main purposes are to study the relationship between the independent variables and the dependent and to choose which two countries we should focus on in the next section. The countries we decided to study were Costa Rica and Nicaragua, because these countries have shown very different levels of development. From this study we have concluded that political stability, economical investements and human investments are the most important factors when creating development..

Earlier research has shown the difficulty of defining insulting behaviour in the workplace. It has been noted that the individual and subjective definition is connected to the specific situation in which the potentially insulting incidence occurred. In this study we designed a quantitative questionnaire in order to hopefully elucidate the comprehension of insulting behaviour and furthermore enable a more in-depth investigation on how important the contextual meaning is. This study examined 140 (n=140) working adult?s attitudes towards insulting behaviour in the workplace and the importance of the contextual variables.

Purpose:        The intention of this study is to distinguish if there is a correlation between mutual funds administration fee and their return. The study will also observe if there is a difference regarding the return between active and passive management fees.Method:        The study is founded on a deductive approach because the study is based on existing theories. Quantitative research based on statistical data has been used. A correlation analysis has been applied to determine if there is a correlation between the chosen variables.Conclusion:   The conclusion of the study is that active management of funds mainly do not give a higher return than passive management funds. Neither is the administration fee dependent on the risk a fund has..

With the fast development of Internet and the e-commerce during the last decades, retailers are now introducing online stores. This has been adopted as a common strategy within the industry and the phenomenon seems likely to increase over time. Theory based on brand extension is used in this study to explain the effects on brand attitude and the link with willingness to pay when a traditional retailer introduces an online store. We execute an experimental study in order to investigate the effects where we use the offline- and online channel as well as two brands with different strengths as independent variables. Results show that brand attitude and its link to willingness to pay transfers to the online channel.

Syftet med denna uppsats var att synliggöra hur pedagoger uppfattar sitt eget genusarbete, deras tankar och synsätt kring hur de arbetar mot en jämställd förskola.I forskningsbakgrunden fokuseras det på att förklara begreppet genus närmre. Det definieras vad skollagen säger om genus och jämställdhetsarbete och vad det innebär för dem som arbetar som pedagoger inom förskolan i dag. Sedan beskrivs även hur pedagogers arbete med genus kan se ut på förskolan och pedagogernas arbete berörs genom relevant litteratur. Metoden som valdes för att synliggöra pedagogerns tankar kring sitt eget arbetssätt var kvalitativa intervjuer med semistrukturerade frågor. Vid intervjuerna användes inte en ljudupptagare utan stödpunkter antecknades under intervjuns gång.Resultatet visade att de flesta pedagoger inte tyckte att de uppnådde målen enligt läroplanen och att de inte finns tillräckligt med kunskap inom arbetslaget för att det skall ske.

This thesis deals with urban planning in connection with social and spatial integration.It´s a study of a new planning project in Malmö in southern Sweden. It´s an interesting case because this new, fashionable area will be located next to areas facing socio-economical challanges and stagnation. By using two theoretical models I analyse how the visions for planning a city are formulated and applied when policy is going to be operated. My models are ?the balanced community? and ?the dual community? .The conclusion is that the focus for Malmö and Hyllie is going towards emphasing the creation of attractive but segregated districs in a city.

Unga vuxna är en grupp som i allt större utsträckning söker stöd för sina psykiska svårigheter. Att hitta samtalsformer som är verksamma är därför av stor vikt för målgruppen. På S:t Lukas Stockholmsmottagning har man valt att erbjuda unga i åldrarna 18-29 år ?Upp till fyra samtal? ? en form av problemformulerande samtal eller counselling. Genom att sätta sig mer in i hur terapeutens arbete gestaltar sig i den här typen av kortare samtalskontakt, kan stödet till målgruppen förhoppningsvis utvecklas ytterligare.

The aim of this thesis is to find a statistical model that sort logs according to a predicted modulus of elasticity on the sawn boards. The input parameters for the model are X-ray variables from an X-ray scanner. For some of the log classes sawn at the sawmill it is desirable to have a narrow distribution of modulus of elasticity on the sawn boards. 250 pine logs from five different diameter classes were numbered and followed through the sawmill process. Log data were collected from X-ray and 3-D scanners in the log intake.