Swedish forests are dominated by just two conifer species Norway spruce and Scotch pine. They are not able to achieve the highest possible production or fulfill industry demands for raw materials. The introduction of exotic conifers can potentially meet these shortcomings and present a relevant solution. This study was conducted in a block experiment with ten blocks planted in 1987 by SCA in North Sweden. The objective of the block experiment was to study if Black spruce is an appropriate alternative to Lodgepole pine, Norway spruce and Scotch pine on different site classes.

Optioner är värdepapper som ger innehavaren rätten, men inte skyldigheten, att sälja eller att köpa den underliggande tillgången inom en given tidsram och till ett givet pris. Vanligen särskiljs det mellan aktieoptioner och indexoptioner. Fokus i uppsatsen ligger på OMXS30 indexoptioner från år 2006. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om den implicita volatiliteten enligt Black-Scholes formeln bättre predikterar den framtida faktiska volatiliteten än den historiska volatiliteten. I tidigare studier, bland annat i en sammanfattande studie av Figlewski (1997), har resultaten varit tvetydiga.

The purpose of this project was to to find a way for textile patternsto talk about its own, and our, inevitable death. By doing so I hopedto incorporate questions about transience into daily life.I assumed that from a decentralized background position, patternson everyday objects have a unique ability to pose complexquestions that can be interpreted over time. The investigation wasinspired by how russian constructivists looked at everyday objectsas equals, and let them carry the spirit of the revolution.In the process I tried to find out how, and if, a philosophicalmessage can be transmitted through design and how differentcomponents of a pattern can work together to express that message.Resulting in two textile patterns with textile motifs, my workshowed that design definitely can raise metaphysical questions andmay as well have an advantage over art when trying to reach peoplein their own reality..

The purpose of this essay is to investigate what preschool teachers now about children in crisis and and how to manage crisis. It´s also about what children in preschool understand about death. Literature studies have been made to get a better idea about what to do when you are in the middle of a crisis situation and to find out how children reacts when they are in grief. Four preschool teachers have been interviewed from two different preschools and three children at the same preschool. The interviews show theire knowledge about preschool children in crisis and how to deal whit the crisis.

This essay, Pictures from a death-bed, expands on the pictorial genre called post mortem portraits, a field with long history in the western society. A post mortem portrait is an artwork where the artist paint or photograph the model after her or his dead. My survey delineates to treat two specific pictures, one from the seventeenth century and one from the twentieth century. Both of them are portraits of dead boys on their death-beds, but the first one is a painting and the other one is a photo. By this survey I wanted to find both similarities and differentials between the pictures; if they were made by the same reasons, if you could see anything different between the portraits by children and by the portraits of adults, and finally, if there were any cultural or religious connections between the pictures and their existents.

Denna studie belyser svårigheten för teknik och virtuell geografi att nå ut till mottagaren genom en kartläggning av e-postens geografi. För att skapa förståelse och fånga den osynliga processen bakom e-postens geografi  utgår uppsatsen dels från teorin Actor Network Theory (ANT) och dels från intervjuer.Under studiens gång uppstod ny förståelse för e-postens komplexitet och ledde fram till en reviderad syn. I början av uppsatsarbetet betraktades e-posten enbart utifrån sin funktion som aktant och intermediarie men i takt med att undersökningen fortgick framkom att den samtidigt, utöver dessa funktioner, fungerar e-posten som ett heterogent nätverk med betydelsefulla komponenter såsom aktörer och aktanter. Enligt uppsatsens konklusioner är e-postens trajektoria beroende av den strategi som producenten använder under skapandet av elektroniska meddelanden. Ett kontinuerligt arbete mellan producent och konsument krävs för att e-postens trajektoria ska upprätthållas och leda fram till att det elektroniska meddelande som löper igenom det virtuella nätverket når sitt syfte..

Optionshandeln har ökat markant på senare år och detta beror på att investerare vill sprida sina risker. Är optionerna korrekt prissatta eller kan det finnas arbitragemöjligheter? De flesta av investerarna använder sig idag av Black & Scholes formel då de prissätter optioner. I Black & Scholes formel är volatiliteten för aktien okänd och måste uppskattas. I denna uppsats vill jag undersöka om likviditeten har någon effekt vid uppskattning av volatiliteten.

I uppsatsen jämförs William Paleys Natural Theology : or, evidence of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity, collected from the appearances of nature från 1802 med Michale J. Behes Darwin's black box : The biochemical challenge to evolution från 1996. Jämförelsen kontextualiseras med en skiss över evolutionsteorimotståndets historia under den mellanliggande perioden, som tillsammans med själva den vetenskapliga utvecklingen, antas förklara de skillnader i tilltal och val av argument som föreligger mellan de två verken. I fråga om grundläggande budskap, idéstruktur, syfte och religiositet befinns de två verken ligga varandra betydligt  närmare än vad som initialt kan tyckas vara fallet..

The purpose of this essay is to study the film culture in South Africa in a national cinema-context, focusing on the relationship between anti-apartheid film from 1974-1994 and the film in South Africa today. By pitching the South Africa-specific works of Lucia Saks and Jacqueline Maingard against the over-arching debate on national cinema as formulated by, amongst others, Stephen Crofts and Andrew Higson, this study aims to find whether or not a specific South African national cinema have existed, and exists today, or not. The study finds that an underground culture of documentaries and short films made by and for the black population has been in place since the apartheid, and the distribution method on video and television is still being used to reach the black population today. By re-examining the concepts of both the national, and of national cinema to also include film on video and television, the study shows that South Africa has indeed a film culture that can be called a national cinema..

Background:There are approximately 45 000 people in the ages over 65 years dies outside the health facilities of the hospitals in Sweden in every year. Previous research has shown lacking knowledge in taking care of the next of kin during and after a sudden death. However, conducted research has emphasized that ambulance nurses often are the next of kin?s first contact with the health care system during sudden death at home. Research has also shown that the mourning of the next of kin is affected by the ambulance nurses? way of announcing the next of kin when someone close dies.

This essay discusses the width of the late medieval desertion of farms in Sweden from an archaeological perspective. The object of the essay is to investigate if archaeological investigations and research during the last 10-15 years have changed the view of the late medieval desertion in relation to the Scandinavian research project on deserted farms and villages.The essay also deals with questions on causes to the desertion and when desertion occurred. An ambition of the essay is also to give a general picture of archaeological investigations during the last 10-15 years considering the late medieval desertion. The analyses-material consists mainly of reports from archaeological investigations.Most of the investigations analysed in this essay are investigations of single farms. Because of this it is natural these investigations do not say much about the width of the desertion.

This thesis presents the results from a osteological analysis and a GIS-study aimed to examinedifferences in the located animal bones in different areas of the excavation site of Ajvde.The osteological material came from five excavated square meters on the site and was comparedwith osteological results from other researchers from different areas to create overview and try tosee differences between the areas.The GIS-study took data from all animal bone material excavated on the site, a total of about 2300kilos, and presented them in maps of spatial distribution for each layer (pictures 4, 5, 6 & appendixpicture 1) to see if there were any clusters of activity and changes between the layers. The dating ofthe culture layer and the burial field (pictures 7 & 8) were presented in maps to see if they could becorrelated with what was seen with the animal bones. Pictures of different shorelines were alsopresented (picture 9) to compare with the results that were seen in the changes of animal bones fromdifferent layers.The results of the GIS-study have shown that the activity on the site have moved over time alongthe hight differences of the land. The earlier layers show activity only on the higher elevation butlater moves down, and in the upper layers activity have been all over the excavated area. Clusters ofanimal bones were seen in the so called ?black areas? of the sites (shown in picture 2) but also otherareas contained a lot of animal bones.The results of the osteological analysis have shown that there are differences in what species arefound in different areas.

This thesis has two purposes: (1) to analyze the emptiness in Blodbok by Christine Falkenland, and (2) to analyze my own reading of the same book. I have chosen to focus on how emptiness is expressed through the body, the language and the place in Blodbok, because of the deep impact these seem to have on the emptiness. The thesis discusses what kind of emptiness that is described, what it does to me as a reader, and how it is connected to other works by Falkenland. Cultural politics of emotions by Sara Ahmed, Uses of literature by Rita Felski and Pouvoirs de l?horreur by Julia Kristeva together form the theoretical framework.Blodbok is a poetry collection, about the loss of a mother.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att svara på frågan hur läsare och media reagerade på bloggen Black Ascot i egenskap av en litterär bluff, även kallad en litterär fabrikation. Målet är även att komma fram till hur mottagare av textbaserad kommunikation reagerar på att bli lurade. För att uppnå syftet undersöks läsarnas och medias reception av Black Ascot. Uppsatsen diskuterar även om det finns förklaringar till receptionen i bloggens litterära utformning. I analyserna framkommer det att diskussioner gällande framförallt autenticitet och moral uppstod såväl i media som bland läsarkommentarerna. Trots att negativa reaktioner förekommer i båda undersökningsgrupperna tyder resultatet på att en majoritet av bloggläsarna uppskattade bloggen även som en litterär fabrikation.

This thesis has two purposes: (1) to analyze the emptiness in Blodbok by Christine Falkenland, and (2) to analyze my own reading of the same book. I have chosen to focus on how emptiness is expressed through the body, the language and the place in Blodbok, because of the deep impact these seem to have on the emptiness. The thesis discusses what kind of emptiness that is described, what it does to me as a reader, and how it is connected to other works by Falkenland. Cultural politics of emotions by Sara Ahmed, Uses of literature by Rita Felski and Pouvoirs de l?horreur by Julia Kristeva together form the theoretical framework.Blodbok is a poetry collection, about the loss of a mother.