Evaluations of open Ditch status and function, with an assessment of suitability of a conversion to a two stage ditch as a low maintenance alternative. To illustrate Swedish drainage problems this work focused on two agricultural drainage associations assessed in detail with a new method called MADRAS (Minnesota Agricultural Ditch Reach Assessment for Stability). With the assessment of the MADRAS method estimates were made to conclude the ditches operating problems. This was made through measurements of sediment depths, mass bank failures etc. in order to quantify ditch problems and propose practical actions for improved ditch stability and water quality. The MADRAS surveys were conducted in two main ditches that drains 2900 hectares of land on the northern shores of Mälaren. In the study measurements of the ditch cross-sections were also conducted to compare actual profiles with the original map profiles. The evaluation showed that parts of the studied ditch sections were operatively poor; main reason was mass bank failure, undercut channel banks, sediment aggregations and narrowed ditches. The profile survey shows that a majority of the profiles 80 % has sediment accumulations there remains only 64 % of the original profile from the map.

Syftet med denna rapport har varit att analysera den reella återkopplingen och utvärderingar som gjorts vid takras vintern 2009/2010. Metoden är en kvalitativansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer samt analys av utvärderingar och insatsrapporter gjorda under vintern 2009/2010. Genom intervjuer på den sociotekniska individnivån söks svaren kring hur individen upplevt erfarenhetsåterföringen, tillsyn, och egenkontroll vid takras inom den kommunala verksamheten. Insatsrapporter, arbetsmaterial och andra genomförda utvärderingar har även legat till grund för analysen. Frågeställningar som väglett i arbetet har varit: Hur togs erfarenheter från takrasen tillvara i samhället? Hur uppfattar individen som varit aktörer vid händelsen att erfarenheten hanterats?  Urvalet är ett bekvämlighetsurval samt ett snöbollsurval.

Syftet med detta examensarbete är att undersöka hur några pedagoger i olika skolor uppfattar sin professionalitet när det gäller att samtala med föräldrar och elever vid eventuella samtal som upplevs som svåra. I vår studie har vi intervjuat sex stycken pedagoger på tre olika skolor i Stockholms län. De pedagoger vi valt att intervjua är en rektor, en specialpedagog, en kurator och tre lärare i de lägre åldrarna. Vi kommer förutom dessa sex pedagoger även genomföra en försöksintervju med en lärare. Studien utgår från ett interaktionistiskt perspektiv och bygger på teorier från Vygotskij, Bronfenbrenner och Mead.

Abstract: In the past ten years in Sweden, the numbers of people between the ages of 16-19 who were unemployed or not in upper secondary school education have increased. This was assumed to be caused by three factors. Firstly the upper secondary school education reforms in 1992, secondly a substantially reduced labour market for young people without the upper secondary school education and thirdly an increase in demand for work experience.Our purposes was to describe the effects on the outsiders through a document analysis study, but also to understand which individual, social and structural causes that were thought to increase the risk of marginality. Our second purposes were to understand how the Kristianstad community worked to prevent young people of ending up as outsiders. Through interviews with local authorities, we tried to find out if the Kristianstad community lives up to their responsibility of looking after people less than twenty years of age.Our conclusion was that, although the Kristianstad community seems to have a good system, the community has the highest number of unemployed in the county of Skåne.

The aim of this work was to find out what potential contaminants from roads, residential area and businesses within Svedens industrial area that can affect groundwater quality and quantity. Data collection was from SGU, VISS, internal material from Gävleborg county Administrative Board and Gävle municipality archive. GIS software ArcGIS was used to create the map images in the work. The studied area is located approximately ten kilometers west of Gävle city and consists of the esker Valboåsen, which is a glacifluvial deposit that in its central parts consist of coarse material that is overlaid by sand, clay and silt. North of esker Valboåsen there are the river Gavleån which has an inflow to the groundwater in the esker. This inflow represents the largest part of the groundwater recharge.

The forest and mire landscape surrounding the north Swedish villages have been of fundamental importance through time for the farmers. In the Scandinavian summer farm system the forest and mire pasture was used to its full potential. The system consisted of smaller summer farms some kilometres from the main farm in the village, and were the livestock grazed in the forest around the summer farm. The livestock affect their environment, and grazed forests generally contain a higher biodiversity than an ungrazed forest. The overall aim of this thesis is to understand the impact of livestock grazing on a northern forest ecosystem over a long time period.

Cumulative effects are seldom treated in Swedish Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA). This report treats these questions and which procedures and methods that can be used when assessing cumulative effects in EIA. This report is a literature study where also a case study is a part. The case study shows how existing methods for cumulative effects can be used in practice. The report is concentrated on biology and treats cumulative effects on premises of biodiversity and roads. Cumulative effects include both direct and indirect effects.

Vår värld är i behov förändring för att de internationella och nationella miljö- och klimatmålen ska upp- nås. För att en förändring ska kunna ske måste utsläppen börja minska, inom en snar framtid. Men vems ansvar är det att förhindra globala klimatförändringarna? Den svenska bygg och fastighetssektorn står idag för ca 40 procent av energianvändningen i Sverige, därmed har sektorn ett stort och viktigt ansvar för det nationella miljöarbetet.Detta arbete bygger på en inledande litteraturstudie och vidare på en specifik fallstudie. En lokalbyggnad ägd av ett fastighetsföretag i Luleå har studerats.

Since 1993 the Swedish Forestry Administration conducts a nation-wide inventory of wood-land key habitats covering all forest land in Sweden. The inventory aims at mapping and describing habitats where redlisted species occur or can be expected to occur. According to the inventory stand history is crucial to the presence of red-listed species. However, the current knowledge of stand history in woodland key habitats is very limited. The purpose of this work is to describe stand history in woodland key habitats, i.e. fire history, human activities - mainly cuttings - and structural changes.

The national spatial planning guidelines and the subsequent legal regulation in the Natural Resources Act and the Environmental Code has been a part of the Swedish planning system for almost 40 years. In the recent years, critics have claimed that the regulations are outdated and does not work the way it was intended. This paper examines closer why it is perceived that the regulations does not work, with a focus on how the national interests are managed in the municipal planning. Why is the national interests not applied in the municipal planning as intended? Is the error in the system or in the implementation of it? The aim of this essay is to study the gap between theory and practice by studying how the land management provisions in the Environmental Code is applied in five selected municipalities.

The situation of officials of public and governmental organizations have been recognized as increasingly risky, in which the influences of both threats and violence have become an issue that administrators have to manage. Experiences of feeling threatened in their workplace or in their professional lives has been marked by an increased number of reported cases in the work environment authority. Common to the problems faced by many agencies and important associations that dealt with its often derive personal and sensitive issues. The purpose of this study is to highlight how veterinarians and animal welfare inspectors on the counties of Blekinge, Kronoberg and Kalmar experience the interaction of regulatory and prohibition cases. Länsstyrelsen is the one that can decide what is to happen to an animal that has been kept under bad conditions.

The situation of officials of public and governmental organizations have been recognized as increasingly risky, in which the influences of both threats and violence have become an issue that administrators have to manage. Experiences of feeling threatened in their workplace or in their professional lives has been marked by an increased number of reported cases in the work environment authority. Common to the problems faced by many agencies and important associations that dealt with its often derive personal and sensitive issues. The purpose of this study is to highlight how veterinarians and animal welfare inspectors on the counties of Blekinge, Kronoberg and Kalmar experience the interaction of regulatory and prohibition cases. Länsstyrelsen is the one that can decide what is to happen to an animal that has been kept under bad conditions.

ABSTRACTCan Danish experience explain why Sverigedemokraterna had a higher support among voters in Skåne, than among other Swedish voters?Essay in Political Science, C-levelAuthor: Jenny WoodTutor: Gregg Bucken-KnappAutumn 2006/ Spring 2007The key question of this essay concerns the outcome of Sweden?s latest election. When all the votes where counted, the county of Skåne showed an exceptionally high support for the right wing nationalist party Sverigedemokraterna. Why then, did Sverigedemokraterna have a higher support among voters in Skåne (as part of the larger and transnational Öresund region), than among other Swedish voters? My hypothesis is the following: the regional interaction within Öresund has not only had positive effects concerning the values that the people of Skåne hold.

Den mest eftertraktade råvaran i svenska skogar är barrvirke och detta har sedan länge varit vägledande för skogsbrukets planering och skötsel. Brandskydd, ökat betestryck och skötsel för barrträd har missgynnat lövträden. Eftersom lövskogar i den boreala zonen tillhör ett av de artrikaste ekosystem är kontinuerlig förekomst av lövträd och lövdominerade bestånd viktigt för den biologiska mångfalden. Den standard skogsägare certifierade enligt FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) har att följa innehåller två lövindikatorer, 6.3.8. och 6.3.9..

The mining industry, in terms of ore excavation and metal production, is and has been important to the Swedish economy. In connection with the ore excavation process, large amounts of partly sulphidic waste are produced. When the metal sulphides are exposed to air and water they are eventually oxidised, which leads to the formation of acidic water with high concentrations of metal cations and sulphate ions, so called Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). This water may reach the nearest surroundings and cause negative environmental effects. By covering the waste with soil or water, the oxidation process can be minimised. At the Rävlidmyran mine in the county of Västerbotten open pit mining took place between 1951 and 1991.