Geographical indications designate products which have a specific geographical origin, which can either be national, regional or local. The subject is complicated since geographical indications arises a large number of questions There are EC regulations which regulate the protection of geographical indications, but since the field has not yet been exhaustively harmonized, the existence of national rules of protection is therefore still possible, which can lead to trade barriers between the member states. Consequently, one problem consists in whether it may be legitimate to restrict the free movement of goods by article 28 in the EC Treaty by referring to national rules of protection and to what extent such measures may be justified by article 30 or by the Cassis doctrine. An additional question consists in how the line between geographical indications and generic terms is to be established appropriately. Further, geographical indications are exposed to improper use by other dishonest commercial operators and therefore the possibilities of protection against unfair competition and misleading are also discussed in the thesis.

De teoretiska grundstenarna för en framgångsrik ledning beror bl.a. på koordinationen mellan svensk forskning inom det ledningsvetenskapliga området och Försvarsmaktens doktrinära utveckling.Inom den ledningsvetenskapliga forskningen pågår utveckling av en teoretisk modell, den dynamiska OODA-loopen, syftande till att ta fram utåt- och inåtriktade funktioner inom ledning. Försvarsmakten genomför f.n. en utveckling av den Militärstrategiska doktrinen till att bli mer användbar och koordinerad i takt med en förändrad omvärld.Studiens syfte är att kartlägga om den doktrinära utvecklingen följt med forskningen inom ledningsvetenskapen och skapa en ökad förståelse samt medvetenhet för vad som krävs av den Militärstrategiska doktrinen för att uppnå en framgångsrik ledning.Resultatet visar på en positiv utveckling inom ett antal områden; miljön där militära effekter ska uppnås och underliggande beskrivningar som behandlar intentionen och förståelsen för själva uppdraget. Vidare visar studien på behovet av fortsatt doktrinär utveckling av området ledning i nära samarbete med svensk forskningen inom området..

SAMMANFATTNINGSyftet med detta arbete är att beskriva och analysera på vilket sätt Freinetpedagogikens syn på barn och dess lärande är förenligt med Läroplanen för förskolan, Lpfö 98, (Skolverket 2010). För att få svar på detta har jag intervjuat fyra pedagoger på två olika Freinetförskolor, som beskriver sina erfarenheter och upplevelser av att arbeta med den franske pedagogen Freinets tankar och idéer i en svensk förskola. Jag har i detta arbete utgått från en kvalitativ forskningsansats där jag via litteraturstudier och kvalitativa djupintervjuer söker besvara studiens frågeställningar och syfte.Vad gäller resultatet så ser samtliga pedagoger Freinetpedagogiken mer som ett medvetet förhållningssätt än en metod, där det utmärkande är synen på barnen. Mycket av respekten för barnen och deras kompetens befästs i det trevande försöket, handen och hjärnans arbete värderas lika. Att barnen ges stort utrymme till inflytande och medbestämmande, samt att de ges ansvar utifrån sin förmåga, är något som samtliga respondenter menar som karakteristiskt för Freinet.

Sports associations play a very important role in the Swedish civil society, and since the 1st of July 1987 they have been exempted from the duty to pay VAT. By introducing an sufficiently closely related. When the conflict of law exists, the directive will be accorded priority, which leads to the Swedish Sports Federation must examine and considerexemption for sports associations the income tax field and VAT field correlate and the legislative change resulted in more favorable pre-close solutions for all of Sweden's non- profit organizations.  In June 2008 the European Commission launched a process concerning Swedish infringement against EU-law, and with it the Swedish civil society, where all Swedish sports associations are included, is threatened. The European Commission wants to, among other things, force sports associations into the VAT system for the purpose of the VAT Directive to be achieved.

The creation of value is considered the core purpose and central process of economic exchange. Value creation is now conceptualized as shared by both producers and customers, and value is seen as fundamentally derived and determined in use, the integration and application of resources in a specific context, rather than in exchange, embedded in products and manifested as price. The field of research is abundant with publications but these do not fully further the understanding of value creation and co-creation in a way that is meaningful for theoretical development and decision making in business and marketing practise. Without a thorough understanding of the factors characterising value co-creation, the nature as well as content and locus of co-creation cannot be identified. In that case value co-creation easily becomes a concept without substance. Until now, individual publications on co-creation have focused on few or different aspects, have emphasized the process from either the customer?s or from  the firm?s vantage point, have different theoretical approaches and have ignored the complexity in interactions between actors.The purpose of this essay is to analyse how five fundamental aspects of co-creation of customer value are perceived in contemporary marketing literature. Discussing the different views on co-creation, this essay concludes that thoughthere are evident points of agreement, finding one generally valid doctrine of predestination or value co-creation is improbable.

The aim of this study was to determine to what degree the framing of the political party the Sweden Democrats had changed in swedish media, from 2010 in contrast to 2012. Particular interest was directed towards the framing of the party as a problem.This was done by studying the news articles during 12 weeks in 2010, and 12 weeks in 2012, in the newspapers Aftonbladet and Expressen. These particular newspapers were especially interesting to study since they have been outspokenly critical of the party. Both of the newspapers can be said to be among the most clearly critical towards the Sweden Democrats.I studied 256 published articles retrieved through the news database Newsline. Quantitative content analysis was used to determine patterns and tendencies.

Goodwill är en immateriell tillgång som funnits inom redovisningen de senaste hundra åren. Hur goodwill ska behandlas diskuteras flitigt av forskare och yrkesverksamma. Från och med 2005 beslutade EU att alla noterade företag i unionen skulle följa IASB:s standarder vid upprättandet av sin koncernredovisning. Med de nya reglerna följde att goodwill ska värderas till verkligt värde och årligen testas för nedskrivningsbehov. Denna värderingsmetod innehåller subjektiva bedömningar av företagsledningen, vilket kräver transparens av företagen i sin redovisning av koncerngoodwill med information om hur nedskrivningsprövningen har utförts.

The purpose of this study is to give an insight in how music press is presented gender wise. The focus area lies in rock music and the study is made on British music magazine MOJO in the year of 2010. The study contains quantitative analyses showing how much room men are given compared to women. The study is also supplemented with image analyses of four covers spread out over the year. The main question is formulated as in, how much room do women get in music magazine MOJO 2010 and what output does this have on rock music?s gender characteristics? The main results show, amongst other things that 79% of all the articles are written with focus on one or more male musicians.

In the literature it is not possible to find something about Swedish UN Military Observers (MO) experience of life is changing after their service. The aim of this study was to investigate if this has happened. The selection is of type ?snowball?. Interviews were made with twelve MO by telephone, both male and female.

AimThe purpose of this dissertation is to find out what discrimination of salary means and if the legislation that exists in Sweden, regarding same salary for the same or similar work, effects sports and if the way that the sportindustry divide salaries are acceptable. The purpose is also to find out if discrimination of salary exist within swedish handball and if this is a reason why swedish ladies handball is not professional. The framing of questions that have been processed is:1. Does discrimination of salary occur in swedish handball?2.

Denna uppsats har som syfte att undersöka huruvida det i Militärstrategisk doktrin respektive Doktrin för marina operationer beskrivna manövertänkandet tillämpas vid internationella insatser med fartygsförband. Bakgrunden till detta är att det sedan doktrinerna skrevs har genomförts sådana, vilket innebär ett underlag som inte fanns under framtagandet av doktrinerna.Studien genomförs som en fallstudie av insatsen ME01 inom ramen för EUNAVFOR Operation Atalanta utanför Somalia mellan maj och september 2009. Data samlas in i huvudsak genom intervjuer med ett urval av deltagande officerare.Resultaten av studien visar att inom förbandet ME01 förekom manövertänkande, men det kan inte konstateras vara som ett resultat av något medvetet val eller av att det var en internationell insats. Avseende hela operationen konstateras snarare en avsaknad av manövertänkande som huvudmetod, vilket framförallt hänförs till egenskaper som återfinns i multinationella operationer..

As the 2010 Swedish election was closing in, there was a discussion about how the media represented the different party leaders in a differential and unfair manner. This study aims to identify if there were any differences in how four of these party leaders, Lars Ohly, Maud Olofsson, Fredrik Reinfeldt and Mona Sahlin were treated in four individual questioning sessions on Swedish television. Utilizing conversation analysis the study focuses on identifying differences in the usage of interruptions between the four different sessions. The study also analyzes the aggressiveness of the journalists? questioning and how they designed their questions in the four different sessions.

Quadrotor UAVs are self-stabilizing, autonomous flying machines that has recently become more popular than ever. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles have their roots in the military, where they were developed for use in reconnaissance and combat. During the last few years, advances in the fields of electronic sensors, electric motors and microcontrollers have enabled smaller designs and autonomic flight control even for private use. The quadrotor, which is the particular kind of UAV we are looking closer at in this paper, has 4 rotors in an X-like formation. This configuration has many advantages such as good lift capacity, non-complex mechanical structure and serviceability.In this project we aquired a current overview of the domain and determine whether it is possible to construct a quadrotor UAV designed for use in a WISENET sensor network on a low budget and short time schedule.Based on existing community project AeroQuad, a quadrotor is constructed with a budget of about 500 euro.

Det här är resultatet av kandidatarbetet, skrivet under kursen kandidatarbete 15 p vårterminen 2010 på programmet för fysisk planering vid Blekinge Tekniska Högskola. Arbetet är det avslutande examensarbetet efter 3 års studier i fysisk planering på grundläggande nivå. Arbetet handlar om funktionsomvandlingar i staden. Hur ett flexibelt byggande kan underlätta i städer, där behovet av byggnader förändras snabbare än en byggnads livstid. Kandidatarbetet har dels inneburit studier av en funktionsomvandling som gjorts på Stumholmen i Karlskrona och dels inneburit ett försök till en liknande omvandling på ön Kungsholmen i Karlskronas skärgård där en funktionsomvandling är aktuell idag år 2010.

We have studied the differences between people debating on a program in apublic service-channel and a privately-owned channel. We have chosen thetwo biggest debate programs, Kvällsöppet in the privately-owned channelTV4 and Debatt in the public service-channel SVT 1. We have in aquantitative content analysis studied female and male, how many of each thatare participating, how long time they talk in the program and in what rolethey have in the debate. We have studied 10 episodes of Kvällsöppet thespring season 2010 and compared with Johanna Paulsson & Patrik Rosellstudy ?30/70.