Women all over the world have been victims for oppression during a long period of time. One main thing they were excluded from was the possibility to educate themselves. Fortunately, the situation is different today and studies shows that there are more women applying for higher-education than men, at least in Sweden. What motivates them is unknown, but according to the sociologist Pierre Bourdieu, it is always something in one?s social environment.The aim of this thesis was to examine how five female students have been motivated to apply for university and college educations, despite the fact that they are from non-academic families.

The aim of this paper is to perform a comparative study between the photography?s of Leila Khaled and Shirin Neshat in order to observe if the woman are able to recede from an conventional formation to become the bearer of the veil and not only reduced to that whichneeds to be concealed. From a feministic perspective I have observed how the symbolic of the veil moulds the woman and how the woman in her context moulds the veil.In the description of the news photography of Khaled and the art photography produced by Neshat the mechanisms that lies as a foundation for the modelling of the portraits becomesthe essays primary entrance. Mechanisms that evolve around the creation of the woman as aconcept, a subject shaped for being looked at and the woman?s self-image through others.The textual discourse is visually enhanced through a comparative picture material visually enhanced and explained through photographs by the contemporary artist photographers Cindy Sherman, Catherine Opie, Laurie Simmons, Robert Mapplethorpe and Elin Berge.

The aim of the study was to illustrate how single parents who want to adopt a child are described in consent investigations made by the social service. The methodology for this study was document analysis. The analysis material consisted of 23 consent investigations from family courts in 12 different municipalities and district administrations. The theoretical starting point of the study was the perspective of social construct of reality. Based on the issues of the study, background on international adoptions, theory of norms and deviation and past research the documents were analyzed.

The purpose of this paper was to look into how the individual has been portrayed in the different curriculums for Swedish compulsory school from the 60?s to the 90?s. This was done in order to see what type of discourse ?monocultural- multicultural- or intercultural- the understanding of the individual has led to.The purpose was divided into five questions: Who is the individual in the curriculums? How is the individual portrayed in relation to education in the curriculums? How is the individual portrayed in relation to society in the curriculums? What type of discourse - monocultural- multicultural- or intercultural- is mirrored in the different curriculums? Is it possible to see tendencies in the discourses that lead closer to, or farther away from, an intercultural perspective? The material that was analysed consists of four different curriculums: Lgr 62, Lgr 69, Lgr 80, and Lpo 94.The method used was a discourse analytic approach based on the theory of social constructionism. The answers to the questions asked were structured with the support from definitions of monocultural discourse, multicultural discourse, and intercultural discourse, derived from Pirjo Lahdenperäs (2008) descriptions of different organizational cultures.The main conclusion drawn from this analysis was the fact that the intercultural discourse about the individual has not been obtained.

The objectives of this study was to examine the prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a family of British Shorthaircats to determine the mode of inheritance and to investigate if the disease was associated with a mutation in myosin binding proteinC (MyBPC3). The family comprised 28 cats, seven male and 21 females. The cats underwent a physical examination, including cardiac auscultation, and an ultrasound examination. Blood was collected for DNA- analysis. The blodsamples were sent in a buffer solution to Kathryn Meurs, Washington State University, USA for analysis, where the genes coding for MyBPC, Troponin I and T were characterized using microsequencing technique. Out of the 28 cats, 8 were diagnosed with HCM, 2 were diagnosed with congenital heart disease but had no evidence of HCM.

The purpose of this quantitative study has been to investigate teenager?s perception of obsessions and compulsive acts. Teenager?s perceptions and experiences as well as connections between the taboos surrounding the topic and the perception have been examined. The study has taken in to consider gender perspective, in regards to certain topics.

Syftet med min uppsats har varit att undersöka mönster som binder samman normen, barnet och döden i Tim Burtons verssamling The melancholy death of Oyster boy and other stories. Detta gör jag med hjälp av en tematisk och komparativ metod för att undersöka motivet konflikten mellan barnet och samhället i boken i jämförelse med traditionell och subversiv barnlitteratur. Jag inleder med en översikt av hur konflikten mellan barnet och samhället sett ut i barnlitteratur, där drar jag även paralleller till Burtons bok. Därefter gör jag en analys av relationen mellan föräldrarna och barnen i boken i jämförelse med subversiv och traditionell barnlitteratur, för att visa på hur detta motiv kommer fram i Burtons bok. Jag går sedan över till att diskutera relationen till andra karaktärer, samt barnet och normen, för att sedan avsluta med en översikt av motivet döden i barnlitteratur och hur detta motiv framkommer i Burtons berättelser..

Syftet med studien var att undersöka sjuksköterskors upplevelser av vilken betydelse genus har i skapandet av en yrkesidentitet. Ett så kallat snöbollsurval användes för att hitta lämpliga informanter. Intervjuer genomfördes på fyra manliga och fyra kvinnliga sjuksköterskor. Vid analysen framkom sex kategorier, Yrkesvalet, Avsaknad av manliga förebilder, Yrkestitel, Heteronormativa ideal, Synen på manliga sjuksköterskors inträde i yrket samt Innebörden av omvårdnad. Resultatet visade att idealbilden av en sjuksköterska fortfarande ses som en vårdande, moderlig och omhändertagande kvinna, vilket sågs som den gemensamma förklaringen till varför fler kvinnor än män väljer att utbilda sig till sjuksköterskor.

The purpose of this paper was to investigate whether Suzanne Retzinger?s linguistic cues for shame and verbal behaviors for hiding shame could be used to measure shame in surveys based on Thomas Scheff?s theory of shame. I created a measurement instrument consisting of 30 statements, which were all meant to measure general shame.The instrument was administrated to 180 respondents studying at Karlstad University, of whom 4 respondents were removed from the data set due to lack of standardization. With the polytomous rasch model used for the analysis, data from 176 respondents were analyzed, of whom 124 respondents were female and 52 were male.The result showed that the measurement instrument?s statements should not be used together because the analysis indicated multidimensionality.

The aim of this study is to examine the existence of norms in three Spanish textbooks intended for upper secondary school in Sweden. One category of norms, gender norms, is selected for analysis. The focus of the analysis is on how gender norms are represented in the textbooks. The concept of gender also includes - in addition to the relation between man och woman - ethnicity, sexuality and disability. The three analysed textbooks are Caminando 3, Vistas 3 and El Sur paso 3.

This study is about fourteen-year-old boys, who are not interested in reading. It deals with what thoughts and feelings some boys have around books, reading and libraries. Further the study investigates the boys' leisure activities and their making of identities. The study is built on interviews among twelve boys in a secondary school. The result is compared to earlier reports and research.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka lärares förståelse av och attityder till fenomenet nätmobbning samt få de intervjuade lärarna att reflektera över deras egna förebyggande arbete för att motverka kränkningar på nätet. För att göra vår undersökning möjlig så var vi tvungna att reda ut skillnaderna och likheterna i begreppen nätmobbning och traditionell mobbning. Vi valde att genomföra sex kvalitativa intervjuer med lärare som arbetar på fyra olika skolor i Sverige, detta eftersom vi var intresserade av lärares upplevelser och tankar. Vi tolkade vår empiriska data med hjälp av socialkonstruktivism och genusteori. Resultatet av vår undersökning visade att lärarna ansåg att det är av stor vikt att arbeta förebyggande mot kränkningar på nätet men att de samtidigt upplevde en bristande insikt i hur det förebyggande arbetet ska ta sig uttryck. Lärarna upplevde att det var relativt naturligt att samtala med eleverna om nätet eftersom eleverna är infödda i nätanvändandet.

Alla barn kommer till skolan med en förförståelse, vilken innefattar normer och värderingarsamt verklighetsuppfattningar. Skolan har i uppdrag att i undervisningen utgå från barnstidigare erfarenheter. Detta är också särskilt viktigt inom den tidiga läsinlärningen, som börjari skolår 1, eftersom läsförståelsen är beroende av att barn får läsa texter med ett innehåll somde kan relatera till. Eftersom familjen är central i ett barns liv är det intressant att undersökahur just denna skildras i skolans undervisning, eller mer specifikt i material som används i dentidiga läsinlärningen. I Sverige finns fem dominerande läromedelsförlag, varav fyra ger utläsläror.

The purpose of the study was to investigate how young female Kurd immigrants experienced their existence between two different cultures, namely Swedish compared to the immigrants parents culture. How their experience behavioural conduct between the opposite sex before marriage and if the young female Kurds thought the mass media picture of them was thought of as a correct image of their lives in general or whether they experienced it as a generalisation only. We chose qualitative methods for our study and used suitable literature based on the theories of this subject to be able to understand the problem. To go deeper whit the study five young female Kurds aged between eighteen and twenty years were asked if they would participate in an interview on the subject. These participants proved that they had no problem at all being multicultural.

Människans konsumtionsbeteenden bidrar till växande negativ miljöpåverkan, och för att bryta utvecklingen krävs arbete på flera nivåer, däribland individnivån. Eventuellt kan massmedia bidra till sådant arbete. Denna studies syfte var att med fokus på konsumtionsbeteenden undersöka miljöbudskap i en nyhetstidnings webbpublicerade artiklar. Jag analyserade artiklarna med kvalitativ, teoretisk, tematisk analys, samt kvantitativt genom att kontrollera i hur många artiklar olika budskap identifierats. Analysens utgångspunkt var en lätt modifierad version av Sterns VBN-teori (Value Belief Norm theory), som fokuserar på attityder relevanta för miljövänligt beteende.