This paper studies the fragmentation and reuse of early christian monuments ("eskilstunakistor") in churches in Östergötland during the medieval period. This is found to have been done in two stages. The first stage shows a collectivization of society. Within religion the change from ancestoral cult towards the saints' cult is important as the fragments are reused like relics. During the second stage the collectivization has been fulfilled, and the reuse is instead part of the christian churches' strategy for incorporating old powerful symbols from the landscape into their own church building..

This paper deals with hill-forts located on and directly south of Selaön, in the center of Mälardalen, Södermanland, dated to the late roman period and the migration period. Of special interest is differences and similarities between the forts when it comes to their morphology and the hills where they were built. Furthermore, their landscape has been examined and I have tried to put the hill-forts in relation to any iron age settlements..

In 1993, Sweden signed the Convention on Biological Diversity and thus agreed to conserve our indigenous biological diversity. As a part of the convention, Sweden is obliged to conserve a number of domestic animal breeds and among them the Linderöd pig. In 1952, the zoo, Skånes Djurpark, took care of a pregnant sow that was regarded to be related to the old "forest pig". The old forest pig was thought to have been extinguished by the early 20th century as a result of the ban on boars not approved by state inspectors. However, according to later accounts, several farmers still kept some of these non-approved pigs.

AbstractUppsatsen har som syfte att ta reda på om hävningsrätt på grund av anteciperat kontraktsbrott utgör en allmän avtalsrättslig princip i Sverige, samt vilka prognoskrav som i så fall kan ställas för att hävningsrätt på grund av anteciperat kontraktsbrott skall föreligga utanför lagreglerat område.Genom att studera och jämföra olika rättskällor har jag kommit fram till att hävningsrätt på grund av anteciperat kontraktsbrott troligen föreligger även utanför lagreglerat område. Jag har funnit stöd för en sådan hävningsrätt i doktrin, standardavtal, Principles of European Contract Law och UNIDROIT Principles. I doktrin föreslås en analog tolkning av köplagens reglering av hävning på grund av anteciperat kontraktsbrott. I fyra av de fem standardavtal jag valt att analysera regleras hävningsrätt på grund av anteciperat kontraktsbrott. Även i Principles of European Contract Law och i UNIDROIT Principles finns en reglering av hävningsrätt på grund av anteciperat kontraktsbrott.Svensk praxis som behandlar hävningsrätt på grund av anteciperat kontraktsbrott rör uteslutande köp och bekräftar inte hävningsrätt utanför lagreglerat område.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om betydelsen av socialt kapital skiljer sig åt mellan olika former av politiskt deltagande. Med olika former av deltagande avses dels att rösta, vilket här benämns passivt deltagande, och andra mer aktiva former såsom att demonstrera eller kontakta en politiker. Socialt kapital definieras i termer av nätverk och tillit. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten är att tillgång till nätverk bland annat ökar sannolikheten att bli tillfrågad om att delta i aktiviteter, medan tillgång till tillit tycks öka en individs benägenhet att offra av sin egen tid för det gemensammas bästa.Datamaterialet som används är den svenska delen av European Social Survey från 2002.Logistisk regressionsanalys visar att tillgång till formellt nätverk är förknippad med en högre sannolikhet för både aktivt och passivt politiskt deltagande, medan tillgång till informellt nätverk inte är relaterat till politiskt deltagande. Vidare är hög tillit till rättsväsendet förenat med en mindre benägenhet till aktivt deltagande, medan hög tillit till politiker är positivt relaterat till aktivt deltagande.

In Europe, the central governments are the ones to coordinate the international standards and strategies regarding GPP; Green Public Procurement. However in Spain a GPP program was introduced late and only applied to the Central Government Institutions, (AGEA) (BOE nr. 027, 2008). These means that smaller administrations, such as, Autonomous Regions, Municipalities and Town Councils were not included in the program. The absence of a national program which excludes those governments made them introduce their own criteria for GPP, and the difference in criteria varies from one government to the other.

There are numerous questions to be asked when your task is to plan a small community?s future development. Is it possible to suggest something new and modern? What considerations should be taken concerning the existing situation? What is an appropriate size for the new development? Where is it possible to build and what is the most appropriate method to use?In this master´s thesis I have tried to develop and describe a working-process where I execute a complete landscape character analysis for the whole community in question to get the answers to where and how it would be most appropriate to develop a village like Flädie without destroying its current character.Flädie is a typical small village in the countryside of Skåne, Sweden. It is strongly effected by the expansive and urban region it?s located in but is still rural in character.

Malmö has often been described as a segregated city, with relatively low democratic participation and high poverty and alienation. Behind this kind of statements we often find a material reality, with unequal distribution of assets and potentials that needs to be taken into consideration for political action. At the same time this categorisation of people into different groups can take stigmatising effects and result in increased inequality.I find the theoretical basis for my thesis in Lefebvre?s writings on ?the right to the city?, that shortly means that all inhabitants of a city have the right to take active part in the constantly ongoing process of producing and reproducing the city ? on all levels, from a hands-on everyday life level to a more abstract political level.With an interdisciplinary approach, where the right to the city is discussed in relation to citizenship, presence, representation and public space, I try to understand the connections between democracy, participation, justice and equality. These discussions are then applied to examples from Malmö; both publically initiated projects and individual physical markings in the city.

Roads and railroads have significant impact on the surrounding landscape and the wildlife living in it. This study aims to provide an overview of the effects caused by railways to reindeer, roe deer and moose in Sweden in order to make more detailed assessments within this topic in the future. The method used is a study of literature on the subject and a synthesis of databases with information about wildlife mortalities, traffic intensity and fences in the study area; northern and central Sweden. The databases were used to compile digital maps using ArcGIS. Infrastructure brings change to the surrounding landscape and its function as habitat for wildlife. Railroads cause barrier effects such as fragmentation, wildlife mortality, loss of habitat and loss of connectivity.

In the 1920s the law against vagrancy had been unaltered since it?s introduction in 1885. During that period, Sweden had undergone great social and political transformation in the wake of industrialisation, urbanisation and democratisation. The political landscape had changed and the social sciences were organising knowledge in new ways. The public opinion realised the need for a review of the vagrant law that better corresponded to the modern times.

Final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration,Mid Sweden University in ÖstersundSpring term 2008Title: Abolishment of statutory audit ? a qualitative research on banks attitude when credit rating small businessesAuthor: Rima Harouki, Carina HoffmannSupervisor: Anna-Maria JanssonBackground & problem: In Sweden the statutory audit has been mandatory for every corporation since 1983. With the membership in European Union it became possible to allow exception from statutory audit for small businesses, according to the fourth commission of EG. Today, in the European Union, there are few countries that still have statutory audit for smaller businesses, Sweden is one of them. There are discussions about whether Sweden should follow the trend of abolishment and an analysis management by the justice of the Supreme Court Bo Svensson was recently presented, which ended in the conclusion that statutory audit ought to be abolished.

Species that have a high degree of specialization and poor dispersal ability can be more prone to extinction than more generalist species and good dispersers. How these species traits affect the viability of populations is dependent on landscape factors,such as isolation and connectivity. Additionally, interactions between species (e.g. symbiosis), and how these interactions vary spatially and temporally can have a large impact on populations. When the range and habitat areas of a species continuously decrease, management strategies are often needed if the species shall be able to survive.

School ground development is becoming increasingly popular in Sweden today and local community settings are also seen as an important resource for education. The debate today raises the question about the whole city?s pedagogic potential. Outdoor education is a pedagogy that comprises outdoor learning with focus on the sensual experiences. Connection to the classroom education is an important part of the pedagogy and so is the place for the tuition.But how should the place for the tuition, i.e.

The subject of this project focuses on how Landscape Architects by their profession can explore and directly make a difference in the cityscape. This paper documents the process of art - based research practice. The purpose of installing temporary activities is to encourage people in the city to discover, participate and invite people to be more playful in the city. My experience of interaction in public spaces comes primarily from the education within landscape architecture, from site-specific art installations I have performed in different cities and from observations of landscape architecture, street art and urban life in the cities of Vienna, Berlin and Linköping. It is fascinating and inspiring to see how the urban space can invite and allow visitors to participate and therefore feel invited to the open space. As a landscape architect I wish to create urban spaces that are useful and inspiring for their visitors. The projects main question: How can you make temporary landscapes that encourage outdoorinspired activities at selected locations in the city? is answered by practice based research, an approach in which theoretical research are developed through practical experiments in the designing- and implementation process.

Electroretinography is an examination method where the function of the retina is objectively assessed. In 2002 the European College of Veterinary Ophthalmology (ECVO) published a proposition to a standard on how to perform ERG examinations, to facilitate comparison of results and to make it possible to repeat examinations. The purpose of this study was to validate parts of the canine ERG protocol suggested by the ECVO. Our principal aim was to study if there is any interference at the recommended stimulus intervals for dark-adapted rod- and combined rod-/cone responses. The results show that there is an effect on the a- and b-wave amplitudes when different stimulus intervals are employed. When all examined intervals are pooled, there is an increase in the median b-wave to each consecutive dim, white (rod) stimulus in a series of four.