Recent years there has been discussed how the critical situation in the housing market threatens the Stockholm region's growth. The thesis objective is to examine whether there is a scientific link between the lack of housing supply and growth. The thesis also intends to identify solutions for increased housing construction, for instance by examining the conditions for a greater regional perspective and influence on the region's housing supply. The thesis empirical study is based on semi-structured interviews with representatives from the Government, municipalities and the housing industry.In Sweden, research on the relationship between housing shortages and growth has not been conducted to that extent it can be said to exist scientific evidence regarding the growth threat. However, in Britain and the U.S, empirical studies show that a lack of housing supply has hindered growth through negative impact on countries' gross domestic product.

The purpose of this essay is to describe how Boverkets Byggregler has affected the cost ofnewly built houses from 2003 to 2012, to Boverkets Vision 2025. The purpose is also to findagent-principal relations in the construction sector.When investing in an energy efficient house the operating costs are reduced compared to aconventional house. But due to the lower operating costs, the investment cost rises. In thisstudy, we find out if it is economically viable to invest in an energy efficient house comparedto a conventional house from the customer's perspective.The study's approach has been qualitatively where we in collaboration with Derome Hus hadaccess to three conventional reference houses and a passive house and data that was necessaryto conduct viability assessments on houses. We conducted five interviews with people fromDeromekoncernen and Varbergs kommun.The calculation methods we have used in this study are present value method, annuity methodand a sensitivity analysis.

Syftet med detta arbete är att kartlägga ytjämnheten på stålbanden efter kallvalsning samt hur den erhålla ytjämnheten påverkas av trimvalsningen. Detta för att undersöka om det är möjligt att minska ner användandet av någon valsyta i Tandemverket vid SSAB Borlänge. Genom att mäta ytjämnheten på stålband av olika kallvalsade kvalitéer efter kallvalsning och trimvalsning, mäta ytråheten på texturerade valsar före och efter användning samt genomföra test med nya ytkombinationer har ett antal resultat genererats. Två test där Docol 200 band som skulle levereras med bandyta 23 valsades med en grövre yta i Tandem (valsyta 48 istället för 34) än vad som är brukligt och sedan trimvalsades med ordinarie valsyta visade att det är möjligt att klara kraven på Ra-värde för bandyta 23 även på band som kallvalsats med en grövre valsyta än i vanliga fall. Dock är det inte säkerställt att kraven för yta 23 alltid kan uppnås på band kallvalsade med grövre valsyta.

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The aim of this study was to investigate and describe conceptions that been used when people talks about grapples and to put together parameters that the customers sees as important when they chose a grapple from Hultdins. Every year Hultdins manufacturer and sells about 3500 grapples around the world. With so many users its difficult to oblige everyone. To get an apprehension of what kind of grapple the operators wanted a formula with 18 questions was made. For the interviews 20 forestmachineoperators were choicest who had experience from Hultdins grapples, a lot of them also had experience from other grappleproducers and constructions. The study showed that it is the durability the users give priority to.

To reconstruct a building is a long-term investment for farmers and it is important that people with different qualifications are involved at an early stage for making the system adapted to the animals as well the animal keeper. Therefore, ethologists who can contribute with their expertise are needed to design the system and get it to function well for the animals.A Swedish farmer who planned to rebuild her stall for tied dairy cattle to a loose-housing system for recruitment heifers for milk production asked me as an ethologist to find a system which can be fit to her existing tie-stall barn for 30 dairy cows, considering the animal needs in terms of movement, social interactions and play behaviors, and to theoretically compare the system with other systems with respect to the behaviors mentioned.The theoretical comparison between different systems was made through a scientific literature review.In agreement with the animal keeper I set out to fit a system with feeding cubicles, a system with cubicles and a system with deep straw bedding to the barn. After measurements were taken and preliminary drawings were outlined it was found that only the feeding cubicle system was possible to fit to the barn.The space provided will limit the animals to perform some playing behaviors. To decrease aggressive interactions between animals even thought a limiting area it is possible to provide partitions between resources animals compete around to prevent that more than one animal can get success to the resource at a particular place at one time. To increase the animal movement in the system the water trays were moved to the outer wall instead of kept in contact with the stalls.Although this report provides guidelines for rebuilding, other competences regarding building construction and a pre-test of the suggested building solution according to Swedish legislation are needed before the rebuilding can start.The results are directed mainly to the owner of the barn, but the literature review can be used by other cattle farmers and might bring increased understanding of the possible effects of different building solution on the animals..

This thesis was developed as an assignment from Ludosity Interactive where the goal was to develop a copy of the Xbox Live Indie Games-marketplace from the Xbox 360. Ludosity Interactive had a necessity to easily test a game's attractiveness to potential customers using testing people from outside the company in a simulated Xbox Live Indie Games test environment; excluding this developed system there is no other way to do such an analysis without actually releasing the game on the Xbox Live Indie Games marketplace and then analyze the resulting sales from the product.The finished system had to be similar to the original system to the degree that a user could see past the interface itself and use the system just as he/she would have used the real marketplace. It also had to be easy to change and add games to the system so that Ludosity Interactive easily could show the games and the data that they deemed interesting for their tests. The final product was developed using C#, XNA and XML together with an Agileinspired development method in combination with Pivotal Tracker. This report describes how this product was developed..

Detta kandidatarbete är utarbetat på Blekinge Tekniska Högskola under våren 2002. I utredningen har vi jämfört röstigenkänningsprogram under en treårsperiod, program från 1999 och program från 2002. 1999 års test visade på programvaror med lång träningstid, enkla gränssnitt, stor känslighet för bakgrundsljud och låg användbarhet. Vid arbetsstart förväntade vi oss inte att hitta någon större förändring i användbarheten hos dessa program 2002, då röstigenkänningsprogram inte verkar ha stor användarskara. Utifrån följande hypotes har vi genomfört arbetet: Vi vill med vår undersökning bevisa att användbarheten inom röstigenkänningsteknologi inte har förbättrats under perioden 1999-2002.

Subjektivt välbefinnande handlar om människors upplevelser av sitt eget liv, enligt deras egen subjektiva värdering av sitt liv. Studiens primära syfte var att undersöka sambandet mellan självkänsla, stress och subjektivt välbefinnande hos svenska högskolestudenter. Könsskillnader, nedlagd studietid och åldersskillnader undersöktes även i relation till subjektivt välbefinnande. Syftet undersöktes utifrån fem hypoteser och en frågeställning. Totalt delades 139 enkäter ut till studenter vid en mellanstor högskola i mellersta Sverige.

Undersökningens syfte är att finna svar på vilka svårigheter elever i matematik kurs B har inom algebra samt undersöka vad svårigheterna beror på. Vi vill även undersöka hur elever går tillväga när de löser algebrauppgifter och särskilt belysa vilka fel eleverna gör. För att tydligt knyta an till målen i läroplanerna konstruerade vi ett algebratest med uppgifter från de nationella proven, vilket genomfördes i en teknikklass med 25 elever. Detta test tillsammans med semistrukturerade intervjuer med tre av eleverna och två lärare kring elevernas test utgjorde vår metod för datainsamling i denna kvalitativa studie. Resultatet visar att eleverna har stora svårigheter med flera olika delar inom algebra i matematik B, exempelvis ekvationssystem, kvadratkomplettering och förenkling av uttryck.

Most of the city of Uppsala rests on postglacial clay with a varying content of sulphur. The sulphur occurs naturally in the clay in reduced form as sulphide and the clay is for that reason usually called ?sulphide clay?. Excavation during construction activities gives rise to large amounts of excavation material, of which the sulphide clay is a considerable part.When the clay is exposed to air and water, an oxidation of the sulphides occurs which may produce an acid leachate and the mobilisation of heavy metals bound in the clay or underlying material. The aim of the work has been to improve our understanding of the behaviour of sulphide clays and produce a basis for risk assessment in the future handling of excavation material with high sulphide content.

I dagens västerländska samhälle finns ett kroppsideal som påverkar unga kvinnors inställning och attityd till den egna kroppen. Kroppsidealet ställer krav på att kvinnan ska vara slank, solbränd och vältränad. Dessa ideal kan medföra att individen ej förmår att acceptera sin kropp. Syftet med denna enkätstudie var att jämföra unga kvinnors kroppsattityder beroende på utbildningsinriktning. Studien genomfördes med en enkät som innehöll Body Attitude Test (BAT) och Figure Rating Scale (FRS).

Denna uppsats undersöker huruvida ett antal aktiemarknader på Balkan tillfredställer den svaga formen av marknadseffektivitet under perioden 2003-2007. Svag marknadseffektivitet innebär att priset på en finansiell tillgång reflekterar all historisk prisinformation. Om en marknad är svagt effektiv leder analys av historisk kursinformation inte till överavkastning eftersom all historisk information redan är diskonterad av marknaden. För att pröva den svaga formen av effektivitet för Kroatien, Makedonien, Montenegro, Serbien och Slovenien genomförs olika statistiska tester såsom autokorrelationstest, runs test, varianskvottest och regressionsanalys.Samtliga tester i studien genomförs på dagsavkastningar. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att samtliga avkastningsserier lider av positiv autokorrelation, vilket innebär att den historiska avkastningen i viss mån kan användas för att predicera den framtida avkastningen.

The main purpose of this study is to analyze texts written by pupils during the national test in the subject Swedish for grade 9 in order to identify and illustrate how they have met the instructions for the writing task including genre. The texts have been analyzed using Palmér & Östlund-Stjärnegårdh?s (2005) model for student text analysis. This model has been supplemented by studying word and sentence length, as well as indexes for level of readability (LIX) and word variation (OVIX) in order to illustrate possible differences in a gender perspective. The results of this study are in line with previous research, as the girls? texts are longer and more descriptive, while the boys? texts are shorter and show a wider range of word variation.

Quality is the key to a well executed product or service. The construction industry hasn?t highlighted the quality in recent times which have contributed to the construction industry receiving much criticism in the field. The public sees it as an offhanded industry where errors and delays are common.The reason for this is considered to be primarily the lack of time, constant pressure to reduce costs and skills and the ability to communicate between the parties about what the correct quality really means. The industry has begun to realize that it must start setting clearer standards and that there are great opportunities for improvement.This report will give Peab an opportunity to develop their quality work.