This is a study in how astronomy has been taught and is being taught in Swedish schools from 1905 to this date with an emphasis on the latest 30 years. It concerns the regulations and methodical recommendations/curricula for Swedish junior high school/Swedish Comprehensive school for the years 1905, 1933, 1955, 1958, 1962, 1969, 1980 and 1994. The matter of integrating astronomy with other subjects and different methodical approaches is also considered. The problem with textbooks written only for one subject when the teacher tries to integrate subjects is emphasised.Physics textbook analysis shows that astronomy teaching has over the years developed, from being based on observations, to become more and more theoretical. It also shows that the amount of practical exercises has been fairly constant in physics textbooks during the seventies end eighties but now in the nineties varies a lot from textbook to textbook. The amount of liberty the textbook gives the pupil in finding knowledge and answers himself in the practical parts of astronomy was at its lowest during the seventies.

I vår studie kommer ni som läsare få läsa om utomhuspedagogik. Vårt syfte har varit att få en inblick i vad utomhuspedagogik är, även att få mer kunskaper om hur utomhuspedagogik uppfattas inom aktuell forskning men även av de som arbetar i förskolor med den specifika inriktningen. Vi avser därmed försöka få en mer nyanserad bild av utomhuspedagogik. De frågeställningar vi utgått från har varit vad utomhuspedagogik betyder för pedagogerna? Finns det några nackdelar enligt pedagogerna, och i så fall vilka är dessa? Och den sista frågan vi ställt är om det ställs några specifika krav på pedagoger som arbetar i förskolor med en utomhusinriktad pedagogik?.

In my essay, I write about the work at a pre-school in a segregated suburb. I begin my essay with examples from my workday. In one case, it is about Sara, playing games where other children are excluded and she also exhibits a power game towards me. In the second example, it is about how a group of children conspire and expose both themselves and others for destructive conspiracy patterns. When I write down what happens in the group of children at my pre-school, I see patterns reminiscent of destructive gangs.

Vi lever i ett informations- och teknologisamhälle och i våra dagliga aktiviteter omges vi av vardagsteknik (VT) på olika sätt och i olika svårighetsgrad. Denna VT kan innefatta allt från brödrost till mer avancerade datasystem och tjänster. Tidigare studier visar att personer med kognitiv funktionsnedsättning kan uppleva svårigheter i användandet av VT i sina dagliga aktiviteter. Dock finns inga studier som visar relevans och svårigheter med VT för yngre vuxna utan kognitiv funktionsnedsättning. Därför vill vi med den här studien beskriva relevans och svårigheter i användandet av VT hos yngre vuxna utan kända kognitiva funktionsnedsättningar.

The use of information technology (IT) is exploding. Today, it is in our daily routines to use some kind of information technology. The increase of users increases the number of cyber crimes, ie, crimes that in some way involve IT. As the cyber crimes grow in numbers, the workload for technical investigator increases, these are called digital crime investigators. The thesis is about how police digital crime investigators work and what problems they may encounter during an investigation.

This report covers a description of the military support attainable to society and made available by the Swedish Armed Forces, in the event of a crisis. The main focal point is the needs of the rescue services..

Goods that children come in contact with on a daily basis for example toys, electronics, textiles, household items, have attracted an increased attention in recent years because of a common occurrence of residues of potentially hazardous chemical substances. Some municipalities in Stockholm have developed plans for managing chemical risks and work systematically to phase out products containing hazardous substances. This thesis aims to contribute to an improved knowledge base for any future work with non-toxic nursery schools in Haninge. The study's focus is on the challenges encountered by conditions and problems of preschool personnel to manage chemical risks in early childhood environments. Primary data was collected through a qualitative approach based on semi-structured interviews with both the preschool staff and practitioners working in the central organization of the municipality.

Studiens syfte är att utveckla kunskap om lärares motivation till användning av digitalteknik i undervisningen. Ämnet belyses genom frågeställningarna; Vilken förståelse har lärare för den digitala teknikens roll i undervisningen? och Vilka aspekter påverkar lärarnas motivation till användning av digitalteknik i undervisningen? I studien deltar fem verksamma lärare som undervisar i årskurs 1-6. Utifrån semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer beskrivs och kategoriseras aspekter som påverkar lärarnas motivation till att använda digitalteknik i undervisningen.   Studien visar att tvetydighet präglar lärarnas förståelse för den digitala tekniken. Lärarna uppvisar en förståelse för teknikens möjligheter och utnyttjar den för personlig utveckling och som informationsbank.Det framkommer dock inte lika frekvent att den digitala tekniken används i undervisningssituationen.   Det är flera aspekter som påverkar lärarnas drivkraft att använda digitalteknik i undervisningen.

More and more preschools are choosing to reduce the sugar consumption. The reason is, inter alia, the increase of weight in the community, but there is also research showing that sugar is harmful to children. The discussions on sugar and children are also a hot media topic.I have chosen to use a qualitative method, interviews, to gather material for the essay. I have interviewed a teacher and a cook in three different preschools, in different municipalities. I have also looked at their various nutrition policies to see how the guidelines for their work on diet and health look like.

The main environmental problem for aviation is the great amount of exhaust gases, mainly nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons - mostly "greenhouse gases" leading to climate changes. I decided to sort out what is being done to decrease these problems and what regulations there are concerning air pollution by the means of searching the internet and using publications from aviation authorities for current figures. I chose to scrutinize authorities on political, authority and company level, resulting in summarizing the work of UN and EU respectively, ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization), JAA (Joint Aviation Authorities) and LFV (Swedish Civil Aviation Authority), and finally SAS, representing the airline companies. Conclusion that I have drawn are thatthere are regulations for air pollution, written down in ICAO's Annex 16, that are to be followed. Secondly, LFV are environmentally controlling their nineteen airports and since economy is an important reason for not giving priority to environmental issues in aviation emission charge and noise charge are added to the landing fees.

Millions of preselected progeny have been born since the development of The Beltsville Sperm Sexing Technology 1986. The method is based on flow cytometry and sorting is done on the basis of DNA difference of the X- and Y-chromosomes. Preselection of progeny provides an opportunity to obtain genetic gain and increased production as well as increased animal welfare and decreased environmental impact. However, the method is associated with low fertility, high costs and uncertainty whether the sorting process contributes to DNA damage and thereby results in genetically impaired progeny. Today, sex sorted sperm is only commercially available in the bovine industry, due to the fact that bull sperm is more suitable for selection than sperm from other species.

The purpose of the study is to investigate into professional knowledge of the bilingual teachers, compared to monolingual, and what benefits they give to pre-school. Qualitative method was used to get an understanding of informant´s perspective on bilingual teachers. The informants believe that bilingual teachers are able to understand all the children. A bilingual teacher can make the children feel secure. If one has a positive attitude toward bilingualism, the bilingual children also show a positive attitude that in turn contributes to learning and development of the language..

More and more preschools are choosing to reduce the sugar consumption. The reason is, inter alia, the increase of weight in the community, but there is also research showing that sugar is harmful to children. The discussions on sugar and children are also a hot media topic.I have chosen to use a qualitative method, interviews, to gather material for the essay. I have interviewed a teacher and a cook in three different preschools, in different municipalities. I have also looked at their various nutrition policies to see how the guidelines for their work on diet and health look like.

The last couple of years the use of Internet has changed in the way that the web pages can be affected of the person that uses them. Because of this dynamic Internet technology has emerged that makes it possible for a web page to receive information from a web browser. This information can then be used to affect the appearance of the page. PHP and ASP are two dynamic Internet technologies. They are integrated in HTML and are executed on the web server.

Rummen i förskolan skapar en vandring uppför sluttningen både ovanpå och inuti byggnaden där varje åldersgrupp har sin egen del med direkt förankring ut i naturen. Förskolan är barnens värld. Den skall utmana, stimulera och ge utrymme för barnens egen fantasi. Ett diagonalt linjespel, hur byggnaden ligger i landskapet, flödet genom byggnaden och de subtila sinnesintrycken har varit viktiga aspekter. Vi tror att rummen vi föreslår kommer uppmuntra till rörelse, nyfikenhet och kreativitet på förskolan. .