När företag ska utveckla produkter och tjänster behöver de informationsunderlag om kunder och användare. Traditionella marknadsundersökningar kräver ett rationellt förhållningssätt och avslöjar åsikter och attityder, men uppvisar brister när det kommer till att upptäcka omedvetna behov hos användare. Lösningen på denna problematik är att observera användare i deras egen kontext, ett tillvägagångssätt som är vanligt bland industridesigners.Syftet med studien var att jämföra hur industridesigners och marknadsförare arbetar för att samla in information om användare i samband med produkt- och tjänsteutveckling. Därefter syftade studien till att ställa dessa likheter och skillnader i kontrast till tre teorier: Marketing Research Process, Design Thinking samt Empathic Design. Tre intervjuer genomfördes med tre olika företag: ett industridesignföretag, ett marknadsundersökningsföretag samt ett tjänstedesignföretag.Studien resulterade i ett antal slutsatser.

The purpose of this study is to understand how teachers in the preparatory class and regular class, in the meeting with newly arrived pupils, plan and carry out their teaching. This in order to facilitate social interaction and learning in the classroom, from an intercultural perspective. The examination was conducted through interviews with four teachers from the schools that I selected. The teachers gave their perspective on their approach to newly arrived pupils, through interviews. The result shows that the teachers have ambitions to start from the newly arrived pupils' own ideas and from their prior knowledge.

The purpose of this master's thesis is to examine and compare the process of starting a school library at schools which haven't had a school library before, and to examine and compare the experience of this process according to the principals and the persons responsible for the school library.I have examined two Swedish independent primary schools (age 6-15 years). I have made qualitative interviews with the principals and the persons responsible for the new school library. In all, I have made seven interviews. As requested by the new Swedish Educational Act, both schools had recently started creating school libraries. One of the schools had recruited a half-time teacher-librarian and the other had no staffing at all.In the interviews, I have examined the attitudes of the informants towards school libraries, if this attitude has changed during the process of starting the school library, the informants' experiences during this process and the informants' views on the school library as an agent for student achievement.

This is a comparative study examining one school with scheduled homework assistance andone school without homework help tuition. The study has investigated the use of the schoolbasedhomework assistance program at a grade school in a municipality outside of Stockholm.To what extent do the pupils use this resource, and what are their attitudes to it? Do theyregard it as a useful resource? What is the opinion of the teachers involved, do they findhomework tuition relevant and meaningful?The governing documents for the Swedish schools do not make the handing out of homeworkmandatory, and do not require that schools organize homework assistance. The emphasis inconnection with homework is that pupils should learn to take responsibility for their ownstudies. There is, however, a commersial market for homework assistance, at prices that arenot accessible for most parents, and some municipal schools have stared programs forhomework tuition.

Vocal technique and interpretation are the key elements of voice training. Thepurpose of this article is to investigate what vocal technique and interpretation meanto teachers and students and how they would describe the relationship between thetwo. The questions at issue, intended to be answered in this article, are the following:What is the relationship between vocal technique and interpretation? How should theteaching be structured for the students to experience progress on the musical plane?What role does the teacher have in the musical development of the student?This is a qualitative survey and the methods of investigation are semi-structuredinterviews and classroom observations. Presented in the article are a number ofresearchers and writers whose thoughts on the subjects have gained great importanceto vocal teachers and students, as well as leading the research on the voice and itsfunctions forward to higher grounds.

Den ökade konkurrensen som skapats under det senaste århundradet har gett upphov till att företag försöker finna vägar för att stärka och bibehålla sin ställning på marknaden. Lean har med åren blivit ett framgångsrikt ledningssystem som spridit sig från Japan och bilindustrin till övriga världen och till andra sektorer. Implementeringsmöjligheterna har diskuterats och analyserats i ett flertal artiklar som beaktar implementeringsprocessen och dess problematik. Den här uppsatsen syftar till att undersöka skillnader och likheter i framgångsfaktorer vid en Lean-implementering, som identifierats i teorin, inom ett detaljhandelsföretag i en svensk kontext. Omfattningen har begränsats för att få en fördjupad förståelse för problematiken kring implementering, därmed saknar studien generaliserbarhet. Studien är utformad som en kvalitativ fallstudie och empirin har inhämtats med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer.

AbstractMy purpose of this essay was to discover three- and four-year-olds comprehension of their internal body and then compare the result between their ages. I have used the same methods in both essays, semi-qualitative interviews. It is structured interviews with space for following questions. My formulations of the questions were: Do the children have a comprehension of their internal structure of the body? Do the children have a comprehension of organs and organ systems? Is there any difference between the ages?Their comprehensions I have categorized in four categories and I have seen age related differences in their comprehensions.

Rural development in Southeast Sweden- three different views and their consequences for the agrarian landscapeThis paper deals with the future for the rural areas of the southeast province of Östergötland, Sweden. The aim is to unveil, analyse and compare different views on rural development and their consequences for the agrarian landscape. Three views are considered, namely that of the different levels of Governments and their departments, that of the farmers and landowners and, finaly, that of the inhabitants of the rural areas.Differences in the views upon rural development is reflected in differences in the ways of thinking of landscapes. Is the open, and actively cultivated, landscape the ideal for all? Who is to decide what needs or ought to be done to achieve certain desired values and/or goals ? and who pays for it? The one thing that is, and should be, clear from the beginning is that all development, whether positive or negative in an area, bears consequences for the landscape.

In 2005 we made a research in a Swedish community board about their view on the political and ideological intentions of ?a school for all?. The results from that study were the background to this research.The aim with this research was to find out how principles in the same community were thinking about ? a school for all? and if they were leading a development towards ?a school for all?. In that context they were given the opportunity to explain their definition and reasoning about ?inclusion? and ?integration?.

The aim of this investigation was to determine if, and in that case how, the resources of personne1 in what in this essay will be referred to as the department of students' health in four industrial municipalities had changed from 1999 until 2004. The establishment of the department of students' health could be discussed and analys ed in regard of a few concepts from new institutionaI organizational theory and studies on implementation. The investigation answers the following questions:What differences were there between the municipalities regarding the children's accessibility to the department of students' health?What differences were there between pre-school, compulsory school and upper secondary school within the municipalities regarding the children's accessibility to the department of student's health?The municipalities were commissioned by the government to combine school health service, student welfare and the field of remediaI teaching in order to establish a new section, the department of students' health. The study was carried out quantitatively.

Umeå University currently uses two Course Management System, Moodle and Sakai (Cambro). Both Moodle and Sakai are based on open source code and are today the two more popular choices among Swedish Universities. They both have different strengths and weaknesses both from a technical perspective and a user perspective. This can create problems for a course responsible/teacher when it comes to planning the course structure at a distance course but also when planning the course structure on a campus course that uses a Course Management System. With this as my starting point my formulations of questions become:How do the Course Management Systems that Umeå University uses differs, both from a technical perspective and user perspective?What possibilities is there in the Course Management Systems to use a different Course Structure?Is there a noticeable difference on the view of Course Management System of teachers and students at different departments?The purpose with my essay is to create a basis that course responsible/teacher can use to plan the course structure.

Arbetets syfte är att undersöka vad ett förebyggande arbete för att undanröja hinder och svårigheter för elevers läs- och skrivutveckling kan innebära. Fokus ligger på speciallärarens roll i detta arbete. De frågor som undersökningen besvarar är hur klasslärare och speciallärare kan beskriva ett förebyggande arbete, hur samarbetet kan se ut, hur man kan tillvarata speciallärarens kompetens samt vilka faktorer som kan ses påverka. För att besvara frågeställningarna har kvalitativa intervjuer med fyra klasslärare och tre speciallärare i grundskolan genomförts.För att analysera och tolka de data som insamlats har ett sociokulturellt perspektiv på lärande använts, tillsammans med tidigare forskning och litteratur kopplad till ämnet.Ur ett sociokulturellt perspektiv framträder kunskapen om elevers proximala utvecklingszon, samt användandet av medierande redskap och scaffolding som betydelsefullt för ett förebyggande arbete. Resultatet för undersökningen visar att förebyggande arbete kan ske på flera olika sätt, exempelvis genom tidiga insatser, genom att organisera undervisningen, genom att skapa delaktighet och genom att ge eleverna en positiv självbild.

AbstractThe purpose of this work is to contribute knowledge about the transition of children from preschool to preschool classes. The experiences of pedagogical staff, parents and children are described, based on four deepening questions. The questions are about what the actors experience as positive and what the difficulties were in the transition process, and they also cover the differences of children and collaboration between actors. The method consists of qualitative interviews with parents, children, and pedagogical staff. The interviews concern the experiences of transition from the different actors.

AimThe aim of this study has been to examine how health enhancement teachers in Montana, USA, view the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective.In what way does the health enhancement teacher think the importance of physical activity from a lifelong perspective could be presented?What resources are available for teachers to present the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective?MethodThe issue has been answered through qualitative interviews consisting of six health enhancement teachers, four women and two men, in Montana, USA. One of the teachers worked at an elementary school (for 30 years), three teachers worked at middle schools (20, 10 and 8 years of work experience) and two of the teachers interviewed worked at a high school (30 and 3 years).  ResultsThe majority of teachers feel that a wide variety of activities, adapted to an individual level, and the understanding of a healthy lifestyle are important in order for the teacher to present the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective.The teachers felt they had sufficient material in order to present the value of physical activity, where the school budget provided the teachers with materials every year. In addition to the budget, all the teachers had 12 hours of professional development every year where they could attend conferences or their own choice of professional development.ConclusionWith the help in forms of professional development offered by the school, conferences, meeting with other teachers, and their own choice of development, the teachers instruction techniques could increase which could help the teachers to find the pupils? interest for different kinds of physical activities.KeywordsPhysical education and health, physical activity, SOC, sense of coherence..

We are two students at Malmö Högskola, writing our final essay for obtain our teacher diplomas. On our partner schools, we have been facing but little information about how to invite the parents to collaborate with the school. Our thought is that the schoolwork is favorable to the pupils if both school and home are working together side by side. Therefore, we decided to dig deeper into this matter of how one particular school is working with parental collaboration, to be able to see if their method is useful. This particular school is offering studies in a course form so called family class. Here the pupils can get extra help from remedial teachers and their parents are also invited.