I takt med stigande oljepriser har ett av Sveriges största odlingsföretag Svegro bestämt sig för att byta ut sitt nuvarande värmesystem. Svegro består idag av växthus på ca 50 000 m2 på Thorslunda gård, Färingsö.Uppvärmningen sker idag med hjälp av oljeeldning samt den värmeenergi som omvandlas från växthuslampor. Det nya värmesystemet kommer att använda sig av ett annat förbränningsalternativ än mineralolja. Detta kommer göra det möjligt för Svegro att sänka sina energikostnader och minska miljöpåverkan genom reducerat koldioxidutsläpp. Kraven som ställs är att det nya värmesystemet ska kunna integreras med det befintliga värmesystemet och samtidigt leva upp till dagens ekologiska krav.

In connection with Henriksdals wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) a smaller plant is situated called Sjöstadsverket where new methods for wastewater treatment are tested and evaluated in different process lines. On one of the lines experiments with enhanced biological phosphorous removal (EBPR), have been carried out to evaluate if it is a good alternative to traditional chemical phosphorus removal. This thesis evaluates the results from the experiments conducted during fall 2005.The incoming water from Hammarby Sjöstad consists of only household wastewater, which gives a wastewater with high concentrations of nutrients and organic carbon. This is partly positive, because one of the limiting factors for effective biological phosphorus removal is the lack of easily biodegradable organic carbon. The high concentrations of ammonium and phosphorus demand a high reduction to achieve the requirements of outgoing concentration.To optimize the process experiments with different recirculations and different aeration techniques have been made.

Simulations of simulink models using Kalman filters are often very time-consuming. This problem depends mainly on the fact that the Kalman correction has to be performed at each sample instance through the whole simulation. The goal for this thesis work is to reduce that time-consumption for the filtering part (the integration partis treated in a complementary report) of a simulation. Furthermore a Matlab routine to perform parameter tuning and finally a graphical user interface is developed.The filtering part of the simulation in this thesis is based on an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). The time optimization of this filter considers searching for the possibility to replace the today?s existing Matlab functions that is used to perform the filtering calculations.

För att transportera bränsle från Tanken till motorn används på tunga fordon idag vanligen en mekanisk pump, driven av och placerad på motorn. Anledningen till att ha en direktdriven pump är främst att det anses som den mest robusta lösningen för den relativt enkla uppgiften som bränsletransport och liten tryckökning anses vara. För att klara av motorstart och driftsfall med höga bränsleflöden är dagens pump överdimensionerad för det behov som finns större delen av tiden.Önskvärt vore att kunna reglera bränslemängden kontinuerligt, för att minska pumparbetet i de punkter matarpumpen idag har överkapacitet. En elektrisk pump kan regleras att endast pumpa bränsle efter behov och erbjuder även andra fördelar, som t.ex. fri placering, möjlighet att använda en mindre pump och tilläggsfunktioner genom mjukvara, exempelvis priming och automatisk avluftning.Projektet har genomförts i form av en förstudie med konceptgenerering för placering av komponenter och provning av dagens system för kravspecifikation.

As break downs of production transformers are costly and often result in long outages it is essential for reliability of operation that the transformers are manufactured to be robust. The aim of this M.Sc. thesis is to investigate if deviations should be made from the standard IEC 60076 ? Power Transformers in order to describe a robust large power transformer for procurement.The investigation has been conducted in three stages. In the first stage a definition of the term robust was developed in consultation with the client Vattenfall Vattenkraft.

During the 19-century a global warming has been observed, which includes increases in global air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of ice and snow, and rising global sea level. There is a clear connection between emissions of greenhouse gases caused by the human and the increase in temperature. Climatic changes caused by global warming can be stopped trough decreased emission of fossil fuels, for example by an increased use of biogas. Biogas is a renewable energy source which is produced through anaerobic (oxygen free) digestion of organic material. The gas is a mixture of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and can be among others used as fuel in vehicles.

The goals of this Bachelors? Thesis were to establish the production loss through the VTIS1 Pasteur at Arla Foods Linköping dairy and then suggest simple but effective solutions to minimize the losses for each production run. If the timeframe allowed it, some of the solutions would be implemented and tested in full production to determine their impact on economic and environmental savings.The very first step of this project was to establish the statistics over what losses there is in the production pipeline through VTIS1, from milk and powders in mixer Tanks to finished and packed products in cold storage. Then, when knowing how much product was actually lost and where, those bottlenecks could be pinpointed and examined more closely. At this stage the focus was switched, from the otherwise complicated and broad manufacturing process, to the VTIS1-aggregate, since early data indicated there were quite substantial losses there.In conjunction with this project Arla Foods purchased an absorption photometer-measuring device (OPTEK AS16) that could be inserted straight into the product stream out of VTIS1, allowing real time measurements of its optical density.

I takt med stigande energipriser finner fler och fler det lönsamt att installera värmepump för att reducera sitt energibehov. Värmepumpar har dock svårigheter att tillgodose värmebehovet när utomhustemperaturen sjunker under -10°C. Detta problem kan minskas med så kallade economizerkopplingar, denna rapport jämför de båda economizersystemen flash Tank cycle (FTC) och internal heat exchanger cycle (IHXC). Eftersom det har visat sig att vinsterna med economizerkopplingar är som störst då temperaturlyftet är stort är det mest intressant att jämföra dem i luft/vatten värmepumpar. Detta på grund av att övriga applikationer som berg-, jord- eller luft/luft-värmepumpar inte utsätts för samma stora temperaturvariation då utetemperaturen faller.

I samband med nytt avtal med SAKAB gällande prissättning på de strömmar som skickas till extern destruktion träder i kraft i oktober 2004 ökar fokus på att sortera rätt för att få lägsta möjliga pris. Prissättningen som tidigare var fast för de olika destruktionskvaliteterna övergick till att vara baserade på värmevärde och vattenhalt på innehållet i Tankarna. Stora pengar kan sparas genom att pumpa rätt kvalitet till rätt Tank då den totala destruktionskostnaden på Drug Substance Supply uppgått till 12-15 Mkr de senaste åren. Problemet har varit att man tidigare inte vetat vad man pumpat fel, därför genomfördes två pumpkartläggningsperioder där samtliga pumpningar till HSR (AstraZeneca:s lösningsmedelhanterings anläggning) loggades och sammanställdes. Kartläggningen användes sedan som underlag när strömmar som var ledda fel spårades.

In order to facilitate testing of anesthesia machines a patient simulator has been required by Maquet Critical Care AB. A patient simulator has been developed to reduce expensive and time consuming animal experiments and temporary lab arrangements. The patient simulator has been developed and designed to simulate human lungs with regards to anesthetic uptake, production of carbon dioxide and heating and moisturizing exhaled air.The system comprises a container and a test lung to simulate the volume and the dynamic of the human lung. The simulation of uptake of anesthetics has been implemented by pumping a fraction of the gas from the container through a bypass circuit with an active charcoal filter that adsorbs volatile anesthetics. The flow through the bypass circuit is generated by a pump and is controlled by a linear valve.The resulting performance of the patient simulator has fulfilled the requirements.

This Master degree project has been performed at the Braviken paper mill on papermachine 53 (PM53) which produces newsprint paper. The current economic situationhas contributed to declining demand for newsprint, which means it is extra important tobe competitive by high energy efficiency. Particularly as energy prices are expected torise when the economic growth returns.One way to increase energy efficiency is by reducing the water use in paper and pulpmills and consequently save energy through reduced heating of water. The thesis's maintask is to evaluate whether a water purification plant (microflotation plant) forpurification of process water in PM 53 is profitable. The microflotation plant enablesreuse of warm process water instead of losing the energy to receiving waters.

Cooling down the indoor air can be done in several ways. One way is desiccantcooling which will be used at the Stockholm Arena. This method is used in airhandling units that use temperature changes and moisture fluctuations in the air. Oneof the steps is to add heat during the cooling process in order to reduce the relativehumidity of the exhaust air. The air passes thru an adsorptions rotor which thenabsorbs moisture from the supply air.

This thesis has been performed at BAE Systems Hägglunds, which is located in Örnsköldsvik. Hägglunds has a wide background of engineering, where they have manufactured all from airplanes to lifting cranes. Currently they only produce track vehicles at Hägglunds, where they manufacture the CV90 and BVS10 models. This thesis concerns the BVS10 which is an all-terrain-vehicle. The main purpose with the BVS10 is to enable transportation of material and personnel thru tough terrain.

We are heading towards a huge switch of how energy is produced with fossil fuels being replaced by renewable energy sources. It is not difficult to replace the energy you use in the house and there is no need for futuristic technology. There are already many established products on the market such as high efficiency vacuum solar collectors, heat pumps & small wind power stations that can supply the energy being used in a house. The company Sol & Energiteknik SE AB in Huskvarna has many different products which can reduce the need for an outside energy distributor. An average house in Sweden uses 15 000 kWh for heating, 5000 kWh for tap water and 5000 kWh for electricity.

Government regulations and customs duties restrict the import of trucks to some of the markets to which Scania tries to sell their trucks. The distribution problem due to these regulations is solved by the foreign assembly department, KD, at Scania. This means that competence is needed and costs are added not related to Scania's core operations.The aim of this master thesis has been to analyse and to evaluate alternative ways of managing the packing operations considering cost, quality and work organisation. To study and examine the work methods and operations of today and also to present methods measuring the operations effectiveness and productivity.We have used the system approach to maintain totality and to understand the component's relation to this totality. Field studies combined with studies of relevant literature and studies of other companies operations have given us the knowledge and the understanding of the packing operations needed.