An energy study has been performed on two blocks in an area called Gävle Strand. The buildings are owned by a tenant-owner?s association called brf Carolina and were built by the company Skanska 2008. The builder as well as brf Carolina are pussled by the fact that electricity use is higher than expected while heating is less. Skanska is also very interested in finding out how much heat recovery from stale exhaust air through a geo-thermal heat pump is contributing to the general heating requirement and energy balance in four out of the ten buildings located on the properties.To find possible answers to the higher electricity use a literature survey on user behaviour was conducted.

The purpose of this work is to providing a general set of base classes for building simulators, for example a robot system. Instead of every time building a new simulator from the beginning, you get the already completed components from a library. The library should in that way act as a springboard for development.To do this work, there?s a lot of knowledge required in how a general robot system could look like. Therefore it was necessary to gather some information about robotics.

The purpose of this essay is to examine how girls groups, particularly in school, can help girls with feelings of stress and pressure they can experience in their everyday life. We also want to examine how girls groups can be used, and explain why they should be held in school and not only in other organizations. The information we?ve gathered comes from books and websites that cover the subject. In addition to this, we?ve also handed out surveys and implemented interviews with both younger girls with girls groups experience, a teacher and a youth recreation leader. The theoretical aspect of this essay stems from two different theories: Labeling theory and Strain theory.

Vi undersöker genom denna uppsats i vilken grad ett informationssystem som utvecklats med ett användbarhetsperspektiv också uppnår handlingsbarhet. Då vi under vår utbildning blivit väl bevandrade i både användbarhet och handlingsbarhet, framförallt teoretiskt, så har det uppstått enfråga som vi vill behandla. Nämligen: leder systemutveckling utifrån ett användbarhetsperspektiv gärna till handlingsbara system? För att söka svar på denna fråga så är intervjuer av användare i ett egenutvecklat system samt observation av densamma det som utgör de empiriska erfarenheterna.Slutsatsen är att användbarhetsperspektivet inte i detta fall per automatik lett till en hög handlingsbarhet utan vi ser en tämligen låg handlingsbarhet trots att användbarheten är tydlig och rådande. Utvecklingen av systemet har skett med användarmedverkan och intervjuerna visar på att det mest är funktionalitetskrav där samråd varit gällande.

This thesis deals with classification of the subject field history of medicine. The two classification systems SAB and NLM are compared in order to find out which one is the most adequate to organize a small collection of history of medicine. SAB and NLM are the two most commonly used classification systems in medical libraries in Sweden today. NLM classification system specializes in medicine and SAB is a universal classification system. Our purpose with this study is to find out the pros and cons of each system, whether the systems treat the subject history of medicine in a satisfactory way and what kind of classification system that is better for this assignment, a specific one or a general one.

The Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine is promising in terms of lowNOx, low particulates and high efficiency. Due to its homogeneous charge, where thecombustion starts almost simultaneously from a number of points in the combustion chamber,only lean mixtures are possible to burn because of the resulting rapid combustion, which is muchfaster than the combustion in an SI-engine or a diesel engine. When richer mixtures are used thecombustion will start earlier and also be more violent.To phase the combustion later and lower the combustion speed, external cooled EGR can beused. The EGR-system used in this thesis uses a divided exhaust channel where one channel andits corresponding valve are used only for transporting EGR back to the intake system.Consequently the EGR-valve is connected to the intake pressure. This system is called Direct-EGR (D-EGR).Engine tests verified that the CA50 indeed is phased later when cooled EGR is used.

The aim of this work was to investigate how it is to move in hierarchy from crew toofficer within the seafaring profession and how to be affected by this. How you areperceived by the crew when going from to represent a part of a system to represent adifferent part of the same system and if you are ready to assume the responsibilities of thenew role entails?This is relevant and interesting as we will soon is facing at this transition. The work isbased on a qualitative approach. The choice of this method gave the information neededfor a perfect result.Interviews were conducted through personal meetings with active officers which alsoprovided the opportunity to ask follow-up questions and the respondents were given theopportunity to share their experiences.

AbstractIn the fall of 2003 a project was started in the Swedish building sector that is called BASTA (the building sectors’ termination of especially harmful substances). The project is operated by the building companies NCC, Skanska, PEAB and JM, the Swedish Building Industry and the Swedish Environmental Institute IVL. The purpose of the project is to create a common environmental assessment system for the entire building industry and with the help of this system phase out the use of especially harmful properties from building products.In a large sense BASTA works like this; On the BASTA web site there is a database, to which a supplier can register the company and the company’s products. Only those products with a substance content that fulfil the demands of the BASTA system, is to be registered. As it is the supplier himself that carries out the registration of the company and the company’s products to the system, the BASTA-organisation annually controls that the companies that are registered in the database, fulfils BASTA’s demands.Since NCC is one of the companies that operates BASTA, BASTA is probably going to be the environmental assessment system that is recommended for the company in the future.

Starting point to this Paper is the idea and wish to adapt the society and its different activities to a recycle society. A building area in Göteborg is planned and investigated for such adaptation. In the district named Skogaberg, about 130 households totally are planned from what 20 are blocks of flats. The idea with this project is to constitute an alternative sewage system, a Blackwater system, were the fractions of most nutrients and least pollution are separated, taken care of and utilised. The aim is to get a market and use the nutrients of the organic waste from the household in agriculture use.

I mitt förslag betraktar jag Nationalmuseums klassicism och dess symmetrier som ett system i flera skalor, ett obundet system vilket det är möjligt att bygga vidare på. Det är ett system där massa hela tiden ställs mot tomrum, och där rytmen i allt från pelare till stora rymder och motsvarande massivitet harmonierar mellan huvudbyggnaden och det tillbyggda. Det är en byggnad avsedd för kroppen: man ska röra sig runt den och i den och känna hur det rytmiska pågår; hur massan och tomrummen får rörelse och vill flyta in i varandra och där volymerna får tyngd och gravitation i denna spänning. Jag har tagit fasta på det monumentala, inte nödvändigtvis som storskalighet, utan som någonting annat, mer mystiskt. Där tar jag stöd i Aldo Rossis Architecture of the City.

AbstractIn the fall of 2003 a project was started in the Swedish building sector that is called BASTA (the building sectors’ termination of especially harmful substances). The project is operated by the building companies NCC, Skanska, PEAB and JM, the Swedish Building Industry and the Swedish Environmental Institute IVL. The purpose of the project is to create a common environmental assessment system for the entire building industry and with the help of this system phase out the use of especially harmful properties from building products.In a large sense BASTA works like this; On the BASTA web site there is a database, to which a supplier can register the company and the company’s products. Only those products with a substance content that fulfil the demands of the BASTA system, is to be registered. As it is the supplier himself that carries out the registration of the company and the company’s products to the system, the BASTA-organisation annually controls that the companies that are registered in the database, fulfils BASTA’s demands.Since NCC is one of the companies that operates BASTA, BASTA is probably going to be the environmental assessment system that is recommended for the company in the future.

AbstractThis is a thesis done in cooperation with the firm Somas and University of Karlstad. The project is an independent final examination part of the program in Innovation and DesignEngineering comprising 22.5 points, and performed by Mia Myrén Zreloff during spring term 2012. In parallel and collaboration, Fredrik Kjellin performs a similar job for the same company and with the same extent, but for the Program in Mechanical Engineering.The client and supervisor at the company have been Magnus Jansson and Anders Josefsson. At Karlstad University has technical supervisor been Hans Johansson, and in the design- and development process it was Monica Jakobsson. Examiner has been Fredrik Thuvander, professor in the Faculty of Technology and Science at Karlstad University.The mission has been to make a basis work for the company's own development and make a computational model to calculate, visualize and implement materials and other solutions in the manufacture of the company's ball valves.The project has undergone three major phases that included thorough study of the company, production, the problem and product.

Many traffic incidents are due to the driver?s lack of attention, resulting in dangerous lane departures, either sliding off theroad or into the oppose lane. These kinds of incidents often have serious outcomes, which has led to much effort being concentrated on preventing or lessening the damages when the incident is already a fact, for example by installing safety belts and air bags. These measures may be considered to be acts of so-called passive safety. Active safety on the other hand, means that the safety systems intervene before the incidents have occurred.

Allt fler verksamheter väljer att investera i IT lösningar, med avsikt att skapa konkurrensfördelar gentemot organisationer i samma bransch. ERP system är en av dessa IT lösningar, och det har framkommit att dessa system inte alltid fungerar på ett tillfredsställande sätt. Därför är dessa system att betrakta som mindre dugliga ur ett användbarhetsperspektiv. Avsikten är att utveckla vår modell (TTF/A) som studerar hur en matchning mellan systemkaraktäristiska drag och karaktäristiska drag hos arbetsuppgifter påverkar systemets användbarhet. Modellen betraktar även hur erfarenhet av teknologianvändning och erfarenhet av att utföra arbetsuppgiften påverkar matchningen.

During the later parts of the 20th century there occurred several changes to the Swedish public sector. These changes aimed to effectivize and decentralize the governance model in the public sector. One of these changes was the municipalization of the school system, put forward and proposed by the social democratic government in the late 1980s and early 1990s. This study aims to examine and compare that times different parliamentary parties' opinions on the municipalization of the school system. The source material consists of government bills, and in direct relation to the municipalization of the school system.