Integration policies have failed to make diversity into anything more than occupying the same physical space. People of different cultural background still do not share their lives to any real extent. Attempts made within planning and landscape architecture to catalyst the integration process have mainly been focused on structural measures, such as residential policies. As for outdoor environments, non-verbal casual encounters in the shape of crossing paths are assumed to lie at the heart of urban social integration.The aim of the thesis is to question this assumption and, as the thesis will show, there is literature supporting this aim. Looking at the works of Gordon Allport, Lewis Coser and some of their followers, I find intercultural contact to require more complex ways of interaction in order to reduce prejudice and to generate tolerance and understanding.

Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att utifrån personliga assistenters perspektiv undersöka hur de ser på utvecklingsstördas självbestämmande och på vilket sätt de arbetar för att möjliggöra detta. För att undersöka detta har två fokusgruppsintervjuer genomförts, och vinjetter har använts. Att få bestämma i sin vardag såg de personliga assistenterna som självklart, men ifråga om hur väl det stämde överrens med utvecklingsstörning uppstod ambivalens.För att förklara begreppet självbestämmande, användes sociala konstruktioner. Utvecklingsstörning förklarades vara avvikande från det som ansågs vara normativt i samhället. I den sociala konstruktionen associeras dock utvecklingsstörning med individuella funktionsnedsättningar, vilket de personliga assistenterna såg som en svårighet.

Den här uppsatsen är resultatet av en studie av hur Veckorevyn under år 2007, framställde yrken, karriär och arbetsmarknad för sina läsare. Syftet är att undersöka om tidningen är en källa till empowerment för unga kvinnor, eller om de cementerar de gamla vanliga mönstret, där flickor är söta och pojkar är starka.De frågeställningar jag jobbat utifrån är följande; Vilka yrken framställs i magasinen? Hur ser könsfördelningen ut inom dessa? Hur framställs arbetsmarknaden? Finns ?drömjobbet?? Vilket/vika är det? Hur framställs det?Metoden som används är kvalitativ med kvantitativa inslag. Den kvantitativa delen bestod av innehållsanalys för att skapa sig en uppfattning om vilka yrken som förekommer, samt könsfördelningen av dessa i hela årsupplagan år 2007. I den kvalitativa delen analyserades både text och bild av speciella artiklar som fokuserade på yrkesliv och karriär.

Forskningen om det psykologiska kontraktet a?r ofta oka?nd i organisationer som anva?nder sig av ma?l- och prestationsstyrning (Petersitzke, 2009). Denna studies syfte var att underso?ka med- arbetares upplevelser av ma?l- och prestationsstyrning relaterad till inneha?llet i deras psykologiska kontrakt. Ma?l- och prestationsstyrning underso?ktes utifra?n ma?ltydlighet och feedback respektive psykologisk empowerment.

The purpose of this study is to examine how EU-migrants visiting the social project Crossroads experience their life situation in the Swedish society. Two questions were formulated: (1) How do the respondents describe their situation when it comes to work, housing and social network? (2) How do the interviewees describe and experience the social project Crossroads? The method used was qualitative interviews conducted with five EU-migrants who visited Crossroads. The theoretical framework is the concept of integration and Bauböcks (1996) theoretical model of the ideal society. The results show that none of the interviewees had their own accommodation.

Female musicians and actors are being disadvanteged in the music industry, because of standards that prevents women from participating on equal terms. Unequal distribution of resources and status depends on power structures which creates an hierarchy. This study is about how an organization, Femtastic, works for equality and diversity in the field of music, how they experience their positions and their possibilities. Also how they relate to the cultural policy objectives. Femtastic is trying to create a structural change in the male-dominated music industry.

Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie var att undersöka hur handläggare inom socialtjänstens öppenvård för vuxna människor med missbruksproblematik upplever och beskriver brukarinflytande. I studien undersöktes de professionellas upplevelser av brukarinflytande i praktiken samt om de upplever att brukarinflytande fungerar eller ej. Studien utgick från den hermeneutiska forskningstraditionen och har en kvalitativ ansats. Sex semistrukturerade intervjuer gjordes med handläggare som arbetar inom socialtjänstens missbruksvård. Resultatet tolkades utifrån empowermentteorin så som den beskrivs av Ole Petter Askheim, Bengt Starrin och Robert Adams.

Aims: The aim of this study is to describe how youth?s political exclusion is constructed as asocial problem. This is done through a study of a project which aim is to engage young peoplein politics.Method and theory: By interviewing the project?s manager and developer as well as eightparticipating young people different constructions of the problem of youth political exclusionhas been analyzed using the social constructionist perspective on social problems.Findings: The dominant perspective found in the empirical material includes framing youngpeople?s lack of political knowledge and self-confidence as the reason for their politicalexclusion. Even though the Youth Board (ungdomsstyrelsen) in Sweden officially views allyoung people as a resource, when youth politics are implemented through projects, this is notthe view that young people meet.

The aim of this study is to investigate how non-profit engagement influence voting in school election, but also how the school has influenced the pupils to vote and if there are any differences between a big and a small town.The methods which have been used for this study are quantitative and qualitative, both questionnaires and interviews. To be able to see differences between a big and a small town the study was carried out in one school from each category of town.By examine the empirical material and analyse it with theories which are used for this study we have come to the conclusion that there are no obvious differences between pupils in the big town and the small town. Pupils in both schools were pretty engaged in associations, though had the pupils from the small town some higher level of engagement. Moreover, both schools had a high participation for the election. The result of the study showed that there were no noticeable tendencies on if the pupils choose to vote depending on engagement in associations.Furthermore, both schools were very engaged in the school election indeed.

In January 2007 the Öresund committy changed its statutes to become a more politically oriented lobby organization. This change can be interpreted as one part of a continuously evolving process where the Öresund region is emancipating itself from the national states in a multi-level European environment. By focusing on this latest development the thesis puts forward the importance of political institutions, as well as politicians and civil servants as actors in them, as crucial factors in the process where the region is gaining political power. The thesis shows how the political cross-border cooperation in the Öresund region is being institutionalized which affects its power relations to other levels in the multi-level system, predominantly the national states. In other words, there is a connection between power and institutionalization.The Öresund committee has by gaining better access to policymaking agendas on the national levels proven that the organizational change has already started to bear fruit.

This paper deals with institutional and structural factors' influence on democratic transition in limited multiparty regimes in Sub-Saharan Africa. Comparing the cases Kenya and Tanzania, of which the former has made a transition to democracy and the latter has not, this paper reaches the conclusion that political traditions, the coalescing of the opposition, and the elites ability to learn from the electoral process is essential for a transition to democracy. In the specific cases, the harshness of the Moi regime and the Tanzanian vision of national unity may possibly carry some explanatory power, alongside the pressure from international actors.These results have been reached through the application of a comparative case study, where democratic transition constitutes the dependent variable. It should be noted that a harsh definition of the term transition has been applied, according to which the incumbents actual loss of an election is a necessary indicator for transition. However, the Freedom House and Polity scores have been brought up as complement of this definition.

The relationship to professionals has proved to be a helping factor for personswith severe mental illness, but it is also a relationship characterised by anunbalanced power relation. The aim of this study was to compile and analyze theknowledge of what persons with severe mental illness themselves consider to behelping in the relationship to professionals, and to specifically analyse this from apower perspective. The analysis was conducted using Foucault?s ideas of powerand knowledge, and an empowerment perspective. The method used was anarrative review.

Today, the catering personnel are an essential part of the safety organization on board Swedish passenger vessels in ferry services. Their responsibilities for the safety on board have increased in connection with the changes in regulations made on the shipping industry. These changes have been mostly related to human factors and structural leadership in the last 25 years.A well-functioning safety organization requires competence and commitment from every individual. Previous researches on Swedish passenger ferries concerning the safety organization have raised issues regarding the catering personnel?s perception of the safety on board.

Denna uppsats handlar om arbetshandikappkodning som är det system arbetsförmedlingen använder sig av för att möjliggöra vissa arbetsmarknadspolitiska åtgärder för personer med nedsatt arbetsförmåga. Uppsatsens syfte var att synliggöra hur denna kodning inverkat på individens liv på väg till arbete, men också hur kodningen har påverkat övriga livet, positivt eller negativt. För att få svar på våra frågor genomförde vi fem temabaserade intervjuer. Respondenterna var alla män mellan 30 och 50 år och alla hade en eller fler koder. Som underlag för analysarbetet använde vi oss av Erving Goffmans stigmateori.

This essay is about the problematization of uneployment and unemployed in national policy documents of the years 1979 and 2007. The purpose of this essay is to illustrate and analyze the problematization of unemployment as a construction. My overall aim is investigating how the unemployed and unemployment are represented and constructed in the Swedish political debate the years of 1979/80 and 2006/07 by analyzing national policy document. The analysis will consist of questions about the problemrepresentaion made by unemployment and the unemployed, the assumptions behind this problematization and what kind of impact it could generate for the unemployed.  In this way, the study aims to investigate the changes that may have occurred in how unemployment is problematized in the Swedish policy documents and highlight citizenship conditions on the basis of labor market policy.