Den offentliga sektorn har reformerats genom att adoptera principerna för New Public Management vilket har inneburit att svenska kommuner utvecklat och prövat nya organisations- och styrmodeller för att möta marknadens och organisationernas krav på ökad effektivitet. Svenska kommuner är icke vinstdrivande organisationer och har komplexa organisationsstrukturer på grund av omfattande lagkrav. Varje förvaltning skulle i sig kunna utgöra en egen organisation på grund av de varierande tjänsterna som lagen kräver att kommunerna ska tillhandahålla. Inom svenska kommuner bryts visioner, mål och strategier ned på varje nivå vilket medför en komplex styrning inom organisationen. Det huvudsakliga syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva och förklara hur förvaltningar inom svenska kommuner styr sina verksamheter genom strategisk ekonomistyrning.

Den offentliga sektorn har reformerats genom att adoptera principerna för New Public Management vilket har inneburit att svenska kommuner utvecklat och prövat nya organisations- och styrmodeller för att möta marknadens och organisationernas krav på ökad effektivitet. Svenska kommuner är icke vinstdrivande organisationer och har komplexa organisationsstrukturer på grund av omfattande lagkrav. Varje förvaltning skulle i sig kunna utgöra en egen organisation på grund av de varierande tjänsterna som lagen kräver att kommunerna ska tillhandahålla. Inom svenska kommuner bryts visioner, mål och strategier ned på varje nivå vilket medför en komplex styrning inom organisationen. Det huvudsakliga syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva och förklara hur förvaltningar inom svenska kommuner styr sina verksamheter genom strategisk ekonomistyrning.

This thesis explores how remote work impacts organizational culture and identifies leadership strategies that can preserve and strengthen the culture in a remote work environment. By employing a theoretical framework related to organizational culture, remote work, and strategies, along with a methodology based on qualitative interviews, the study aims to fulfill its specified purpose. Theories such as Schein?s three levels of culture and McKinsey?s 7S Framework are applied to understand and analyze the collected empirical data. The empirical data, presented through four themes, is based on respondents? experiences and opinions regarding remote work can lead to reduced social interaction and sense of belonging, but strategic digital initiatives and adaptive leadership can help maintain organizational culture despite the lack of physical presence.

Goal: To describe which evaluation method is used by Swedish retailers to assess a potential retail location and to describe to what extent the retail brand effects this strategic decision. Design: Analysis of ten interviews with companies within five retail sectors in Sweden. Main study: Indication of what methods are used to evaluate a location and how a company's retail brand affects the decision. Results: Retailers use a mix of theoretical methods to evaluate the location attributes and possible profit. Most common among mixtures was an application of the analog method, residual method or the checklist method in combination with a financial assessment.

AimThe aim of the study is to find out if, and in that case how, the sports movement creates and reproduces norms and values regarding sex and sexuality. Questions to be answered are: Which experiences do non-heterosexual women have of everyday activities in the Swedish sports movement? How are norms on sex and sexuality visible in practice? Are there mechanisms/practices that challenge these norms? Finally, the results are discussed in relation to two policy documents from the National Organization of Sports (RF); ?Sports Wants? and ?Policy and plan of action against sexual harassment and sexual discrimination within sports?.MethodSince the aim was to understand, and not to generalize and quantify, a procedure of qualitative interviews was chosen. Ten non-heterosexual women were interviewed concerning their experiences of the Swedish sports movement. They were active (or had recently been) at different levels in the following sports: basketball, soccer, floor ball, ice hockey, bandy and volleyball.

The purpose of this thesis is to deepen the understanding of our contemporary description of digital literacy using the perspective on knowledge from the Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle. I have chosen to deal with the problem using a hermeneutic approach. The method of inquiry is based on close reading of the selected literature. The selection itself has been made after a strategic selection regarding perspective on knowledge and digital literacy. It appears in the thesis that there are substantial differences but also similarities between our contemporary description of digital literacy from Recommendation of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 December 2006 on key competences for lifelong learning and the perspective on knowledge from the Nicomachean Ethics by Aristotle.Still, the result has been possible to use for the purpose of the thesis since the problem has an answer and a deepened impression of the understandings of digital literacy..

Undersökningens syfte är att försöka fånga förskolans personals och lednings förståelse och uppfattning om vad kvalitet i förskolan är och vilka faktorer som indikerar att en förskola har god kvalitet. Syftet är även att se hur arbetet i förskolan ser ut när det gäller kvalitetsarbete och vad som skulle behöva utvecklas vidare.Undersökningen har gjorts genom kvalitativa intervjuer med tre förskollärare och en barnskötare verksamma i förskolor samt två rektorer. Resultatet som framkommit i undersökningen visar att de yttre förutsättningar som finns för förskolor, exempelvis lokalers utformning och barngruppens storlek, inte har avgörande betydelse för hur god kvalitet en förskola har. Det som är mest avgörande för en förskolas kvalitet är vilka personer som arbetar där och vad de har för engagemang och kompetens för sitt arbete samt vilket förhållningssätt som personalen har mot barnen.Undersökningen avslutas med en diskussion där det presenteras förslag till fortsatt arbete med att förbättra förskolors kvalitet..

The European Union's long-term budget negotiations during the summer of 2005 were obstructed from being successful due to a quite fierceful debate about the future guidelines of the Common Agricultural Policy. A quarrel about money and who gets what, was the common answer as to why it took the European leaders six months to accept the budget, and quite rightfully. This essay, however, goes beneath those explanations and tries to see what other reasons there might be for such a phenomena.With a new institutionalistic approach this study seeks to see what underlying reasons for why an institution such as CAP is so resistant to change. With special attention to the new historical institutionalism and the rational choice institutionalism the study successfully shows that though the front laying reasons to the problems with the budget might have been economical, several other factors also affected the outcome of the budget negotiations.Structures, national identity and decisions taken when outlining the Common Agricultural Policy in the 1960's still affect the European union, its members and foremost of all, the Policy/institution itself..

This essay reviews the situation for small actors in the Swedish clothing industry. In this essay we assume that loyalty is a requirement for survival on the competitive clothing market. Four small actors have been analyzed up on theories on loyalty, brand equity, relationship marketing, service marketing, quality, interactive marketing, distribution and value creating activities. The chosen actors are Fifth Avenue Shoe Repair, Boutique Sportif, Jenny Hellström and Ida Sjöstedt. The conclusion of the essay is that it is possible for small actors on the Swedish clothing market to build loyal relationships with their customers.

For the actors in the Swedish forest industry, it is important to have the ability to forecast the state in the privateforests. The information that comes out of the forecasts will be the base for the activities strategic direction.The aim in this exam is to survey what information that is present today as basis for forecast calculation, andeven to examine what other possibilities it might have in the future.From a limited geography and out of different time perspective forecast the felling potential in the privateforestry.With the word felling potential means regeneration felling and thinning. The exam will answer the questions:What information is needed to build a relevant forecast model?Is this information available today?Is there information to buy that would improve the forecast model?The result of this exam will be presented in form of a ”case study” showing the opportunities in the market tocreate a forecast calculation of felling potential in the private forestry within the Forest Owners’ AssociationMellanskogs wood-area Dalarna..

Purpose: The study aims to, from a companys point of view, describe how strategic work with customer loyalty is done.Conclusion: Another possible way to try to create loyalty is to exceed the expectations whether the customer is a member of the loyalty program or not. A strong brand with a good reputation can also contribute to a stronger loyalty. Reward systems gradually reward the customers since they first need to collect points, or in this case miles, to be able to use them later on. The staff is often educated in service to be able to interact with the customer in a professional manner. One way to interact with the members of the loyalty program is through profiles on the internet.

In this study we aim to investigate what employees at a callcenter see as prospects, opportunities and barriers of learning within a company. To answer the purpose of this essay, two questions were formulated; "What opportunities for learning does employees experience in the company?" and "How can learning in the workplace improve for the sellers?". First, we present what previous research has highlighted regarding workplace learning and learning within the callcenter industry. Afterwards we present ten semi-structured interviews with leaders and sellers within a telecom company in Stockholm.

?The management of innovation is inherently difficult and risky, most new technologies fail to be translated into products and services, and most new products and services are not commercial successes. In short, innovation can enhance competitiveness, but it requires a different set of management knowledge and skills from those of everyday business administration? (Bessant et al. 2005 p.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att utöka förståelsen för och kunskapen av, de strategiska beslutsprocesserna som föregår företags övergångar till outsourcing i organisationer med en relativt liten erfarenhet av strategin, respektive, organisationer som har en längre historia av strategin.I ?Make-or-Buy? stadiet av beslutsprocessen minskar företagets mångsidighet och djupet av analysen, när organisationen får större erfarenheter av outsourcing. I stadiet där företaget väljer leverantör substituerar djupet av analysen dess mångsidighet, när organisationen får större erfarenheter av strategin. Detta kan förklaras med att organisationen utvecklar ett organisatoriskt minne och organisatoriska rutiner. En modell utvecklas av författarna som början av en definitionsutveckling och grund till fortsatt forskning inom området..

Qigong was initiated by the Chinese government in the 1950´s as a domestic medical tradition to be included within a modern scientific framework. During the first decades it became popular among the élite. During the 70´s and 80´s scientific confirmation of the existence of qi contributed to its immense popularity among the population. Charismatic leaders with a traditional background were leading their groups in parks and the movement was booming. In 1992 Falun Gong was established by Li Hongzhi as qigong taken to a higher level.