Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka elevers syn på undervisning och lärande. Undersökningen visar vad elever tycker är bra lektioner och när de tycker att de lär sig bäst, samt undersökt detta i relation till skolans styrdokument. Anledningen till detta är att skolans läroplan tillsammans med Skolverkets Allmänna råd ger lärare råd om hur de bör planera och genomföra undervisning för att nå bästa resultat med våra elever.Undersökningen är kvantitativ i form av en enkätundersökning som genomförts som totalundersökning på en gymnasieskola i en mindre kommun i Sverige. Enkäten består av påståenden om undervisning och lärande och är konstruerad utifrån en begreppsdefinition som bygger på svensk skolas styrdokument och aktuell forskning.Resultaten visar att elever lyfter fram tydlighet och relationer som viktigast för god undervisning och effektivt lärande. Undervisningsmetoder framstår som minst viktiga.

The task in this thesis is the steering of one of Saab Bofors Dynamics robots using Sliding Mode Control, a method they never used before. The robot constitutes a system which in addition to perturbations and uncertainties due to modeling imprecision, hold the difficulty of being highly time variant. In order to be able to keep required performance with uncertainties and modeling imprecision present, the use of robust control methods like Sliding Mode Control is necessary. SMC is based on the states of the system being forced to stay on or in the direct vicinity of a hyper plane in the state space which is chosen in a way that gives the system dynamics desired properties. Other advantages with sliding mode are reduced order dynamics on the switching surface and total insensitivity to some uncertainties and perturbations.

The title of this thesis is ?The preconditions of the acquisition guarantee- hard to design working political reforms?. The acquisition guarantee (förvärvsgaranti) is a form of credit guarantee issued by the Swedish government to credit institutes that give out housing loans to debtors with poor credit history. The reform hasn´t been used in any substantial extent.The purpose of the study is to investigate whether you could identify any problems with the preconditions that the governmental agency BKN was given to implement the acquisition guarantee, and if so describe which these problems are.Two questions are answered:1.      What preconditions for a working implementation of the guarantee, in the form of rules, objectives and directives was offered by the government in their steering of BKN?2.      How did the structural preconditions for a working implementation of the guarantee look like?By doing a text analysis of central documents I find that the lack of outcome could to some extent be related to weaknesses in how the reform was formulated.

In a column experiment the effect of three different biochars on nitrous gas emissions, nitrogenretention and water filled pore space (WFPS) were studied in a Swedish sandy soil, classified as aCryopsamment. Ammonium retention was positively correlated, while KCl-extractable ammoniumwas negatively correlated, with the specific area of the biochars. The question was raised whether thenegative correlation between extractable ammonium and biochar specific area reflects the amount ofammonium present in the soil or its extractability from the biochar, and whether methods forextracting soil mineral nitrogen, like KCl-extractions, have to be modified for application on biocharamended soils. There was a tendency of increased nitrate retention and KCl-extractable nitrate withbiochar and KCl-extractable nitrate was positively correlated with the specific area of the biochar. pHwas higher for all biochars compared with control, although the differences were not significant, andWFPS was lowered by biochar addition, significantly in one case.

Detta examensarbete undersöker navigering för grupper av autonoma agenter i dataspelsmiljöer. Genom att kombinera olika styrbeteenden och beräkningsmodeller utvärderar arbetet vilken av dessa tekniker som är mest effektiv med avseende på tid och vägval i trånga spelmiljöer. En experimentmiljö har utvecklats som implementerar fyra stycken tekniker och utvärderar dessa i tre olika miljöer med 10 respektive 50 agenter som navigerar genom miljön. Som grund använder samtliga tekniker ett vägföljningsbeteende och ett flockbeteende. Det som skiljer teknikerna åt är vilken beräkningsmodell som används samt att två av teknikerna använder ett väggundvikelsebeteende.

AimThe aim of this essay is to investigate the possibility to exercise climbing within the framework of the physical education in the obligatory school. We investigated how physical education teachers think about exercising climbing in school and how the Swedish Climbing Association is working to reach out to schools.MethodA questionnaire was sent out to 81 schools (Idrottshögskolans partner schools) in suburban Stockholm, which corresponds to 10% of the total amount of schools in that area. A mail interview was also made with a representative for the Swedish Climbing Association who also represented a local climbing association, to collect information about how they worked with schools and youth.ResultsWe have not found anything in the steering documents against exercising climbing during physical education. There are obstacles for exercising climbing during physical education, a wall for climbing is very expensive and the schools have a lack of space for this wall. The results from the questionnaire showed that 76% of all the schools that did not have a wall for climbing wanted to have one.

The purpose of this Master Thesis is to investigate the quality of the library service at the City Library of Uddevalla. In particular this thesis will examine the quality of the library service to people who are disabled. This applies particularly to the service to people with reduced ability to move or to see, which also includes people with infirmities due to old age. We also have investigated how well the library itself is adapted to the disabled. In order to get more information about the library service to people who are disabled, we have studied literature on this subject and the Master Thesis contains a summary of those documents.

In a world of ?formal organizations?, which is constantly exposed for institutionalized super standards and ideas of a what a modern orgnization should be like, the pressure for changes are strong. This is the environment in which Lund University finds itself. Ideas in the beginning of the 21-century is concerning a stronger emfasis on steering, centralisation, re-hieriarchyzation, standardised processes and a new regulation concerning internal control. Through theories of new institutionalism, with conceptions as organizational identity and the expectations of adapting to new ideas, can you track the translation and adaptation that the ideas go through at the university- a decentralised organization where not only freedom has been a concept for the academic parts, but also for the administration.

The objective of this diploma work is to investigate a set of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) channel models compatible with the emerging IEEE 802.11n standard. This diploma work validates also advanced, innovative tools and wireless technologies that are necessary to facilitate wireless applications while maximizing spectral efficiency and throughput. MIMO channel models can be used to evaluate new Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) proposals based on multiple antenna technologies. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate means of channel models and their implementation in different environments such as: Matlab, C++ and Advanced Design Systems (ADS). The investigation considers also a comparison between the channel models based on theoretical data and parameter setup to the channel models based on statistical characteristics obtained from measured data.

To create a more accessible environment for disabled people, the Swedish government, in the year of 2001, made the national act of easily eliminated obstacles valid. This national act states that all easily eliminated obstacles in the municipalities, in places and in premises that are public, shall be removed before the end of 2010, no matter if the owner of the place or premise is private or public. According to Boverket, most of the municipalities are not going to be able to reach that goal, why? The aim of this thesis is to compare the two municipalities Kalmar and Karlskrona in their way of implementing this national act, to see where it went wrong and why. By using implementation theories and qualitative empirical data in the form of interwievs with the total of eight people from different administrations in both of the municipalities, the subject was analyzed and discussed.

Anonymous job applications as a method to further diversity on the labour market is widely discussed. The method aims to promote an equal selection procedure, where the employer can only judge on merits and experience. We are with this study on the other hand interested in seeing how this specific method of employment has been implemented. We have chosen to perform a small qualitative case study, of a limited attempt of this method in the government administration of Kortedala, a district in Gothenburg.Our intrests are to see whether we can, while studying a specific implementation procedure, show that any implementation problems have occurred. Furthermore explaining it by applying our implementation theory, that consists of Lennart Lundquists three criterias for explaining implementation problems experienced from the appliers' standpoint.

Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva betydelsen av studie- och yrkesvägledande aktiviteter med barn i åldrarna sju till tolv år. Kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med sex examinerade studie- och yrkesvägledare som bedriver studie- och yrkesvägledningsverksamhet med barn i grundskolans år 1-6 eller fungerar som stöd till pedagoger som arbetar med studie- och yrkesorienterande verksamhet med barn i dessa åldrar. Resultatet visade att intervjupersonerna anser att arbetet måste påbörjas tidigt, helst redan i grundskolans första år, för att målen så som de skrivs fram i de nationella styrdokumenten ska kunna uppnås. De förutsättningar intervjupersonerna menade krävs för att tidig vägledning ska kunna bedrivas är av såväl strukturell som av individuell art. Slutsatsen som drogs var att studie- och yrkesvägledande aktiviteter som påbörjas i grundskolans tidigare år och som följer elevernas kognitiva utveckling kan medverka till att eleverna ökar sina förutsättningar att göra väl underbyggda val i framtiden..

This essay is called What kind of history? and is about how history teachers think when they chose what to teach about and why. In the curriculum there are no guidelines about what substance you have to teach about. This gives the schools and teachers a big freedom. At the same time there is a kind of informal canon which says that it is the European perspective that is the important one.

Detta är en kvalitativ uppsats med syfte att ge en inblick i hur ett antal läroböcker och lärare valt att belysa Sveriges nationella minoritetsspråk i Svenska B på gymnasiet. Jag har analyserat fem läroböcker böcker i svenska, samtliga utgivna efter år 2000. Analysen visade att alla analyserade böcker utom en har gett minoritetsspråken mycket lite utrymme. Informationen i majoriteten av böckerna fokuserar på vilka minoritetsspråken är och vilka rättigheter de sedan 2000 erhållit. I tre av de analyserade böckerna nämns den historiska aspekten men informationen är ofta tagen ur sin kontext.

A central question is what view of communication is dominating in a municipality in the southern part of Sweden. The study deals with communication theory from two different perspectives; the view of transmission and the view of creation of meaning. Falkheimer and Heide (2003) claim that the view of transmission is one-way communication where the receivers apprehend passivly. In the view of creation of meaning the goal is to develop and strengthen the common notion that exists in a group. Empirical studies were done, that consisted of qualitative interviews with politicians, directors of the municipality, and principals from three childcare and school areas, and also from one upper secondary school.