Bioethanol is one alternative energy fuel that can be produced from different types of biomass. Second generation bioethanol comes from fermentation of lignocellulosic material and can be seen as a more environmental friendly alternative as e.g. forest residues and agricultural by-products are used. To be able to use lignocellulosic biomass in ethanol production, it has to be subjected to different treatments first. In this study, aspen sawdust was used as lignocellulosic material.

SVENSKA: Vårt kandidatarbete gick ut på att ta reda på om det var möjligt att utveckla ett kort spel i hög teknisk kvalitet och ändå skapa ett djupt intryck på spelaren. Under projektets gång utvecklade vi, med hjälp av UDK (Unreal Development Kit), ett skräckspel i 3D till PC vid namn The Horror at MS Aurora. För att erhålla den höga tekniska kvaliteten som vi var ute efter användes metoder som räknas som standard för stora speltitlar på marknaden: Animationer spelades in med Motion Capture och musiken skrevs med en full symfoniorkester i åtanke. Innan produktionsfasen tog vid gick alla gruppmedlemmarna igenom en research-fas, där var och en satte sig in i de områden som skulle komma att vara aktuella under produktionen (d.v.s. hur UDK fungerar, musikteori och orkestrationsteknik, hur man arbetar med Motion Capture-data o.s.v.).

SVENSKA: Vårt kandidatarbete gick ut på att ta reda på om det var möjligt att utveckla ett kort spel i hög teknisk kvalitet och ändå skapa ett djupt intryck på spelaren. Under projektets gång utvecklade vi, med hjälp av UDK (Unreal Development Kit), ett skräckspel i 3D till PC vid namn The Horror at MS Aurora. För att erhålla den höga tekniska kvaliteten som vi var ute efter användes metoder som räknas som standard för stora speltitlar på marknaden: Animationer spelades in med Motion Capture och musiken skrevs med en full symfoniorkester i åtanke. Innan produktionsfasen tog vid gick alla gruppmedlemmarna igenom en research-fas, där var och en satte sig in i de områden som skulle komma att vara aktuella under produktionen (d.v.s. hur UDK fungerar, musikteori och orkestrationsteknik, hur man arbetar med Motion Capture-data o.s.v.).

The project was performed at SiemensIndustry Drive Technologies with theobjective to provide actual values forthe energy savings potential withinSiemens scope of practice.In Sweden the electrical drives standfor about 30 % of the total electricityconsumption and about 60 % of theelectricity consumption within theindustry. During the pre-study phaseelectrical drives with pump applicationswere identified as large energy users.Because of this a case study at one ofSiemens customers, Stora Enso Fors wasperformed. The system that was evaluatedduring the case study was a throttledsystem with a centrifugal pump forpumping pulp.The results yielded that a saving ofover 50 % could be achieved by replacingthe throttle valve with a variable speeddrive, a frequency converter. Thepayback period was two years and twomonths and the present value for thetotal life cycle cost of the variablespeed system was 662.566 SEK lower thanfor the throttled system. As aconsequence, Stora Enso Fors is advisedto invest in a frequency converter forregulation of the system.The general conclusion is that a focuson system efficiency is the mostimportant factor in energy efficiencyprojects and that the system regulationmethod has a large impact on the overallsystem losses and hence its efficiency.Energy efficiency potential forthrottled systems with centrifugal pumpsis large and significant economicalsavings can be made through investmentswith short payback time..

This thesis concerns an energy audit of a food industry. The company's business consists of boiling and peeling shrimps, and producing mayonnaise-based salads. This type of work involves energy-intensive processes, such as steam generation, compression of air and refrigeration of large spaces. These needs are supplied with electricity. Furthermore, the industry is a major consumer of district heating, particularly for heating the supply air in the ventilation system.

Evaporation is a part of the chemical recovery department at wood pulping mills. The purpose of evaporation is to remove water from the black liquor, which makes the liquor combustible. The process is very energy demanding, and having a well-functioning model of the system is of greatest interest. The model can then be used to study energy consumption and to test different control strategies. Two models have been developed during the master thesis.

My questions at issue for this report has it´s beginning in the growing problems of thenegative effects of burning fossile fuels and the rapidly growing energyprices.1. Is it possible to design a micro scale powerplant?2. Is it economically interesting for a potential customer to by such a product?The aim with this report is therefor, with the help of design work and calculations, to answerthese questions and to create a platform for building a fully functional micro scale powerplant.The material used in the report is mostly product catalogs from various industries but alsostudy course littrature about steam engines.The result of the report is that it is fully possible to design a fully functional micro scalepower plant.

Combustion of fossil fuels is today the dominating source of energy. During combustion,carbon dioxide is formed. The carbon dioxide accumulates in the atmosphere,which raises the global average temperature on earth through the so called greenhouseeffect. The only way to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide from combustionin a coal fired power plant is through carbon capture and storage (CCS).Post-combustion capture is a technology to separate carbon dioxide from the uegas after the combustion for efficient transport and storage. The steady state operationof coal fired power plants with post combustion capture has already beenthoroughly investigated on a pilot scale, however much work remains to investigatethe plants dynamic operation.

The focus of this project has been on the drainage tank of the reheater on Ringhals 1. This tank has on two previous occasions received such a high water level that the system automatically emergency stopped. For this reason, events and various readings from these two occasions has been specifically studied and analyzed. In order to prove theories about what causes these problems a model of the system was created in the program Dymola. Using simulation results from the model, we have been able to demonstrate how the system's measured values should look likeunder normal conditions with respect to flows, pressures, temperatures, valve positions and water level in the drainage tank.

Given that the oil prices have risen and the environmental regulations has become more stringent, the interest in operating efficiency has increased. The project has investigated the possibility of producing electricity from waste heat generated in the diesel process. One technique to utilize and convert energy into electricity is the ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle). This process is based on the Rankine process (the steam process), the difference from the traditional Rankine process is that instead of water as a working medium, an organic substance is used. The main component used in the process is a evaporator, a turbine, a condenser and a pump.

Idag ställs stora krav på företag att vara miljömedvetna och resurseffektiva i sin verksamhet. Vid mjukpapperstillverkning används stora energimängder och inom industrin har det under många år funnits en strävan att energieffektivisera processer och att tillvarata spillenergi, bland annat genom värmeåtervinning. Valmet Tissue Technology Center i Karlstad har idag en pilotmaskinen utan värmeåtervinningssystem. Den här undersökningen gjordes i syfte att ta reda på hur stor återvinningspotentialen är för värmeväxling i pilotmaskinens torkpartier, bestående av Yankeekåpan och TAD-cylindrarna. Tre maskinkoncept undersöktes: DCT®, NTT? och TAD.

Göteborg Energi has a surplus of district heating during spring, summer and fall. The heat surplus is due to a constant production of waste heat from oil refineries and heat from waste incineration over the year. It would be desirable to increase the demand for heat and the uptime for the newly built combined heat and power generation plant, Rya Kraftvärmeverk. One alternative could be to integrate Rya Kraftvärmeverk with a pellet production facility. By producing heat, electricity and pellet in a joint process the energy use can be decreased.

AbstractThe future of ethanol is depending on good solutions for the production. ENA energy power plant produces electrical power and district heating by heating biofuel. By building an integrated bioenergy plant surplus steam could be used to produce ethanol as fuel to vehicle.This would mean that ethanol is produced renewable energy and the energy for the process derives from the surplus of power.  ENA energy, MDH (the University of Mälardalen) and the energy authority has initiated a research project were different bioenergy combinations integrate with existing power plant.  As a part of the project which size an integrated factory should be to gain the best efficiency for the plant was investigated. Consideration will be taken to the cost of the production in order to be competitive to the price of imported ethanol.  Etanolens framtid vilar på bra lösningar för framställning.  I ENA energi kraftverk i Enköping produceras el och fjärrvärme genom eldning av biobränsle.  Genom att bygga ett integrerat bioenergikraftverk där skulle man kunna använda överskottsånga till att framställa etanol som fordonsbränsle.

Den här studien ämnar försöka reda ut delar av konflikten mellan näringsliv och konsument när det kommer till kopieringsskydd av datorspel. I dagens samhälle så finns det stor debatt om olaglig fildelning och dess betydelse för näringslivet. Vi har tänkt oss att det måste finnas en bättre lösning på problemet än att utveckla bättre och bättre kopieringsskydd så vi tänkte försöka hitta skydd som skapar en balans mellan fördelar och nackdelar för näringsliv och konsument så att båda sidor gynnas ungefär lika mycket. Detta gör vi genom ett antal intervjuer med näringslivet och sedan ett antal intervjuer med konsumenter, vi kommer sedan att dra fram fördelar och nackdelar för båda parter för varje kopieringsskydd som vi har valt ut att testa. Vår huvudfokus ligger på balans och vi har använt oss av Grundad Teori för att få fram vår teori utifrån de intervjuer vi har haft.

In this bachelor thesis, diagnostic methods for one of Siemens stem inlet control valves have been developed. The work has taken place during ten weeks at Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery AB in Finspång. The company produce steam- and gas turbines and also provides service and maintenance. The purpose with this project has been to develop diagnostic methods that oversee the health of the control valves. By using the developed methods you will know when it?s time for maintenance.