Tail-biting in pigs is an animal welfare issue and in Sweden during 2002 the producers lost tree million Swedish crowns because of tail biting. This economic loss depends on the pigs which are discarded at slaughter because of tail biting. Tail biting can be separated into two stages, "pre-injury" and "injury". The aim of this study is to investigate if tail biting depends on environment or genetic background.A lot of research on the environments effects on the behaviour of pigs but not so much on the genetic effects has been performed. The frequency of tail biting in pig farms influence among others of environment enrichment, ventilation, gender and breed of the pig.

Abstract      Background: Stroke, caused by a blood clot or a bleeding in the brain, is one of the large endemic diseases in Sweden. The symptoms are very individual and depend on where the stroke is located. The nurse is a key person due to the importance to individualize the rehabilitation of the patient. The consequences after a stroke are not only visible functions reductions but also cognitive and practical problems. Stroke often leads to extensive changes in life, and individuals who get a stroke have to adjust their daily life. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe individuals? experiences of changes in daily life, one year or more after a stroke. Method: An inductive, qualitative approach was used.

The Swedish sports retail industry has experienced extensive growth during the last decade, and this has attracted new entrants to the market, both Start-ups and international followers. This has inevitably put more pressure on incumbents, which are now confronted with major challenges as how to retain their customers and market shares. Customer loyalty has been proved to be an important factor for customer retention and proposed to constitute inertia of switching behavior. In light of this problematization, the purpose of this study is to describe the underlying factors of loyalty and whether purchase habits could further explain customer loyalty. The aim is also to understand the strategic implications of the factors involved.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur Riskkapitalbolag avser att nå tillväxt i företag som befinner sig i Sådd, Start-up och Expansionsfaser. Vi har undersökt vilka förändringar med organisatorisk anknytning som riskkapitalbolagen försöker driva igenom i sina investerade tillväxtföretag och vad dessa förändringar kan innebära för företaget.Undersökning genomfördes genom intervjuer med nio respondenter som representerar riskkapitalbolag. Respondenterna motsvarar stora och små, samt fond och privatfinansierade riskkapitalbolag.Riskkapitalbolag försöker genomdriva förändringar i sina investerade företag för att nå tillväxt och åstadkomma avkastning på sin investering. Undersökningen visar att de investerade företagens utvecklingsfaser bestämmer vilka förändringar som sker. Vanliga organisatoriska förändringar i tidiga faser är tillsättning av ekonomichefer och upprättandet av interna strukturer medan senare faser präglas av finjustering av ledningsgruppen, något som stämde överens med de teoretiska koncepten.

It was the purpose of the present study to explore thoughts and lines of reasonings concerning body perspectives in school. Based on students at a secondary school and on analyses of the curricula of the school, I reason about how we see the human being and the importance of it in school. In the introduction I start out from observations and highlight the body as a communicative channel leading up to the issue of students? basic view of man as integrated or devided in body and soul. A study of twelve interviews of students shows that thoughts about the two perspectives had not been identified until now but that a great deal of interest existed for discussion on this subject.

Få faktorer, förutom fodret, påverkar hönsen så mycket som ljus. För djurens välmående och produktion och för lantbrukarens totalekonomi spelar valet av både ljuskälla och intensitet stor roll. Eftersom lagstiftarna vill få in dagsljus i allt större utsträckning till fjäderfä är det lämpligt att studera hur bra höns trivs i ljus som påminner om dagsljuset och om detta ljus har negativa effekter. Studien gjordes med tre olika ljuskällor och med olika ljusintensitet. De olika ljuskällorna var glödljus (GL), lysrör med varmvitt sken (VV) och lysrör med dagsljusspektra (DL). Avsikten var att se hur mycket djurens aktivitet ökade med ökad ljusintensitet och om det var skillnader mellan de undersökta ljuskällorna.

To act responsible in relation to environmental, economic and social issues is a trend that is spreading among businesses and their investors. In order to assess business risks, ethical interested investors are calling for open, honest, clear CSR information that can be followed up in corporate sustainability reports. The ability to communicate about risks and to meet investors requests already in the business analytic process can save resources and increase the company?s profitability.The idea that companies should take responsibility for their impact on society from economic, environmental and social perspective is called Corporate Social Responsibility, CSR. In addition to CSR, there is another three-letter abbreviation in this context, PRI ? Principles for Responsible Investment ? which are principles, signed by ethically interested investors.

At Saab Aerospace in Linköping, components for measurement systems to the fighter aircraft JAS 39 Gripen are developed. In this activity you sometimes want to record the traffic transmitted on the data busses that connects different sys-tems. This traffic on the data busses is using the military standard MIL-STD-1553. This project has aimed to create a system for recording and sending 1553-data. The system is used on an ordinary personal computer, equipped with a recon- figurable I/O card that among others has a programmable logic circuit (FPGA).

Sedan friskolornas start har skolmarknaden utvecklats och numera existerar det ett flertal variationer av organisationsformer samt driftsformer på den Svenska marknaden. Teorin redogör för ett antal styrande incitament som är av betydelse för icke-vinstdrivande skolors existens, vilka främst har observeras i skolor utanför Sverige. Baserat på olikheter mellan länder såsom Sverige och USA aktualiseras frågan om incitamenten kan appliceras på den svenska friskolemarknaden. En kvalitativ studie har genomförts med två friskolor i Stockholmsområdet där jag har sökt svar på uppsatsens centrala fråga; om incitamenten bakom icke- vinstdrivande skolor i teorin stämmer överens med realiteten? Resultatet antyder att skillnaden mellan vinstdrivande och icke-vinstdrivande friskolor ej är av den karaktären som teorin påvisar.

Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka hur pedagoger tänker kring sitt förhållningssätt i konflikter och vilka effekter de tror att förhållningssättet kan få i barngruppen. Studiens metod har varit kvalitativa intervjuer där sex pedagoger från olika förskolor har deltagit. Resultatet visade att deltagarna hela tiden reflekterar över sitt förhållningssätt till konflikter och varför konflikter uppstår. Något som alla deltagare belyste var att det är viktigt att barnen ges verktyg för att klara konflikter själva. Flera olika strategier kunde ses på hur konflikthantering går till men mycket handlar om bemötande, förklaringar och att alla i slutändan ska känna sig nöjda.

The Swedish regions are new phenomena, from the start from the new regionalism which started in the 1980´s. The purpose of the thesis is to analyze Region Skåne and Västra Götalandsregionen to come to a conclusion which model of region they are and want to be by using theories of regional identity and identity of politics and see similarities and differences. My research question is: Which of cultural, administrative and functional region are Region Skåne and Västra Götaland striving to construct?   The methods I have used are qualitative text- and content analysis to analyze the regions, by using theories about regional identity and identity of politics. Furthermore, I am using some statistic from SOM-institutet to analyze the regional identity in the regions.   The result show that Region Skåne is constructing a cultural region, because of their strong regional identity and that the politicians are using identity of politics to combine the citizens.

Sammanfattning Syfte: Att undersöka varför patienter med prenormalt bett söker behandling samt behandlingsutfallet både ur funktionellt och estetiskt perspektiv. Material och metod: Bland 121 patienter som har genomgått både ortodontisk och käkkirurgisk behandling, har vi valt att studera de 57 patienterna som hade prenormalt bett, 60 % var kvinnor och 40 % män. Materialet är insamlat med hjälp av kliniska undersökningar, en intervju och en enkät vid start av behandling samt tre år senare. Vi har använt oss av tre frågor i enkäten som har att göra med orsaken till behandling och behandlingsutfall. Resultat: Totalt 74 % av patienterna med prenormalt bett sökte behandling helt eller delvis p.g.a. dålig tuggförmåga och 73 % p.g.a.

The purpose of this essay is on the one hand to study Sub-Saharan Africa from a comparative perspective to analyze different explanations to democratization and on the other hand to compare the democratization of the most interesting cases found. To fulfil the purpose, the essay is divided into a quantitative and a qualitative part. The quantitative part starts from four different theories of democratization and thus has a deductive theory testing approach. We intend to use four theories: the modernization theory, the theory of stable institutions as a prerequisite for democratization, political culture and ethnic diversity as an obstacle for democratization, to test how they correspond with the democratic situation in Africa, and at the same time find deviant cases. The second part of the study takes its start from an inductive perspective and examines institutions and citizens of the deviant cases.

In today?s society, safety in a workplace is an important factor to any organization. Focus on improving the working conditions by making them safer through technology is taking us into a time where we rely on technology to keep us safe. How well developed the technology may be, it is still not enough to keep us entirely from harm. Human error will always be a factor in the human interaction with a workplace.

The aim of this thesis is to see if adult education have changed in educational association of the Swedish Labour Movement ABF, and the temperance movement IOGT/NBV. We have chosen to study five periods and analyse these after four ideal of education. These are the ideals of self-education, polytechnic education, neo-classic character-moulding education, and citizenship education. We have studied the reports of the activities of the organisations during the years and the writings of anniversary. The analysis shows that the two popular movements have gone from an adult education where the ideal of citizenship education to an ideal of neo-classic character-moulding education was dominating.