Background: As a part of a national health control program, Statens VeterinärmedicinskaAnstalt performs diagnostics to screen flocks for certain pathogens causing high mortality,morbidity and/or serious economical losses. There are several viruses in the programincluding IBDV (infectious bursal disease virus), IBV (infectious bronchitis virus) and NDV(Newcastle disease virus). Method: 96 serum samples were collected from different poultryflocks in Sweden and analyzed by ELISA, which are currently used in the health controlprogram as well as by a commercial prototype of a multiplex immunoassay manufactured byLuminex Corp., which is currently under evaluation at the United States Department ofAgriculture USDA. This 4-plex assay detects antibodies for the three above-mentionedviruses as well as antibodies of avian reovirus. In the context of this study the ELISAs run inroutine diagnostics as well as a REO ELISA were used as the Standard for comparison.Result: The antibody concentration in serum from vaccinated chickens was high while theantibody concentration level in serum from not vaccinated chickens was low.

In time with HolmenSkog district Egenskog Norrköping´s decreasing mountain of cleaning, the office started to look around for new alternative cleaning strategies to lower the costs connected with cleaning. One option was to make the inventory strategy more effective and after a phonecall with the head of the district, Jonnie Friberg, the planning started to try inventory in pictures taken from a helicopter. The pictures was at last taken from a digtal camera and the vegetationheight was mesured with a laser. The gear was supplied from Kallax Flyg AB, Luleå. In the trial 15 stands was selected depended on age and different mixtures between pine (Pinus sylvestris), spruce (Picea abies) and birch (Betula pubescense and Betula pendula).

Testing has always been an important task in the scope of software quality. Though it has never been as much appreciated within the management of the organisations as the software development has. However testing is becoming more attractive within organisations because it becomes more evident how much money working systems saves in contrast to defect ones. A tester often use testing tools to simplify the work progress. There are a lot of tools nowadays but not many evaluating models which helps the tester to know which one to recommend.

To reduce emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technologieshave been developed. Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) is a CO2 capture technologywith the CCS framework, and at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg,Sweden, a 100 kW chemical looping combustor has been built.This project aimed to investigate to what degree air can replace helium as the uidizinggas for uid dynamical studies in a CLC cold ow model of the above mentioned 100 kWfacility. Experiments were performed using air and helium separately as uidizing gas andpressure data were obtained, which formed the basis for the comparison. The project alsoaimed to investigate uid dynamics in the uidized bed and study when the risk of sluggingoccuring was greatest. The results were presented in the form of figures and tables dividedinto pressure, concentration and Standard deviation of the pressure.The results obtained showed that air as uidizing gas did not create the same uid dynamicsas helium over the entire fuel reactor.

This paper investigates how Swedish upper secondary school students relate to the financial support available from the Swedish state of education. It also looks at the attitudes of such students to the new CSN[1]truancy rules as they apply to school politics.Is there a difference in students? attitude to these truancy rules and does that difference depend on the students? socio-economic Standard, whether they come from a wealthy background or a marginalised society or whether they are ethnic Swedish? Does this in any way affect the attitudes of the students?This financial support is only paid to those students who do not skip school. If they lose their right to this contribution because of truancy, their parents will also forfeit the right to the financial subsidies to which they may be entitled. Naturally, this may affect students in different ways, depending on what kind of financial situation their family is in.Do some students go to school out of their own financial interest or out of that of their parents? Through focus-group interviews, students have expressed their opinions, told about their experiences and stated their attitudes with regards to these matters.

Concurrently with higher demands on comparability between companies, all Swedish listed parent companies are guilty to apply international accounting Standards, IFRS/IAS, no later than January 1, 2005. In this thesis IFRS 7 Financial instruments: Disclosures, that treats information about financial instruments, is investigated. IFRS 7 aims to establish a good international Standard for disclosures about financial instruments. The purpose of this thesis is to study differences in the interpretation of IFRS 7 Financial instruments: Disclosures between Swedish life insurance companies, problems ? if any ? that associate with the recommendation, the recommendation?s effect on accounting and the attitudes towards IFRS amongst the Swedish life insurance companies.

Basal handhygien är grunden för en god hygienisk Standard i allt vårdarbete och har stor betydelse för patientsäkerheten. Fastän denna kunskap finns är följsamheten med olika interventioner inte tillräcklig. Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturstudie var att beskriva orsaker till att basal handhygien inte tillämpas. Studien baserades på 20 vetenskapliga artiklar som granskades utifrån mallar för kvalitetsbedömning. Artiklarna analyserades och resulterade i fem kategorier som förklarade orsakerna: arbetsbelastning, tidsbrist och un- derbemanning: personalens kunskap och attityder: bristande förståelse: osä- kerhet inför val av produkter och teknik samt hudirritation. För att skydda patienten från vårdrelaterade infektioner kan omvårdnadsansvarig sjuksköterska agera som förebild i gentemot övrig vårdpersonal i handhygienarbetet. Det är viktigt att förbättringsarbetet bedrivs så att följsamheten blir bestående.

Basal handhygien är grunden för en god hygienisk Standard i allt vårdarbete och har stor betydelse för patientsäkerheten. Fastän denna kunskap finns är följsamheten med olika interventioner inte tillräcklig. Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturstudie var att beskriva orsaker till att basal handhygien inte tillämpas. Studien baserades på 20 vetenskapliga artiklar som granskades utifrån mallar för kvalitetsbedömning. Artiklarna analyserades och resulterade i fem kategorier som förklarade orsakerna: arbetsbelastning, tidsbrist och un- derbemanning: personalens kunskap och attityder: bristande förståelse: osä- kerhet inför val av produkter och teknik samt hudirritation.

Urban agriculture is a current topic and this study examines the possibility of cultivating on balconies in the city. The study was performed at Uppsala University and examines, from a structural engineering perspective, how different existing balcony/terrace structures are affected by cultivation. A cultivation balcony defined in the study as a balcony/terrace which is specifically designed for cultivation. Three units of study have been selected according to this criterion. Four factors were examined, these were loads, moisture/water, economy and cultivation.

Denna studie avser att ta reda på om någon förändrad effekt kan fås gällande bränsleförbrukning och emissioner då dieselolja strömmar igenom ett magnetiskt fält innan det förbränns i en dieselmotor som driver en generator. Utrustningen som ger upphov till magnetfältet har tillhandahållits av ett kommersiellt företag. Studien består av två delar, en teoretisk del och en praktisk del. I den teoretiska delen presenteras tidigare vetenskapliga studier inom ämnet samt hur tillverkaren av utrustningen menar att tekniken fungerar. I den praktiska delen har tester gällande rökgasemissioner och bränsleförbrukning gjorts.

Aim: A business ratio is a measuring instrument that companies use in their financial report to show profit and progress. As it is today, there are no Standards to follow that shows which business ratio to present in a companies annual report. Our aim with this report is to see if there are any trends in the use of business ratios by looking into how thirty growth companies are applying them.Method: To see what business ratios are used in practice, we have collected information from the thirty companies? annual reports. With help from the literature, we have created an understanding about the most frequently used business ratios.

ABSTRACTAim: The aim of this study was to examine differences in the documentation of the case incident reports, before (FRP) and after (FRE) the introduction of a quality Standard for fall prevention in the geriatric departments at a Swedish University hospital. Method: 51 fall incident reports were collected before the introduction of quality Standards for fall prevention and 63 after. Differences in documentation between the fall incident reports were analyzed with a Chi-2 test. Results: Number of case incidents in which the use of the alarm mat was documented increased after the introduction of quality Standards for fall prevention and documented use of shoes and walker decreased. The majority of all documented case incidents occurred inside the patient room according to both FRP and FRE.

Marknaden för smartphones har vuxit stort under de senaste åren och även utveckling av applikationer till dessa. Då utveckling av applikationer för smartphones skiljer sig från traditionell utveckling så passar inte traditionella utvecklingsprocesser för utveckling till smartphones på ett optimalt sätt. Denna studie undersöker mobilapplikationsutveckling med fokus på användbarhet. Då det råder brist på systemutvecklingsprocesser för mobilapplikationsutveckling så vill denna studie utvärdera ISO Standarden ?ISO 9241-210 ? Användarcentrerad design för interaktiva system?.

This report is the result of a diploma work made at IMT at US in Linköping. The purpose of this piece of work is to investigate the possibility to design a general program for data-acquisition using LabVIEW, suiting different hardwares and connections. Great importance has been attached to communication with serialport, using bluetooth, because different wireless PPG-instruments has been developed parallel to this project. These PPG-circuits uses this type of serialcommunication. Communication with USB, GPIB and analog connection has also been examined and analog communication has been tested practically.

I dagsläget är byggbranschen hårt styrt av att uppnå hög Standard, rätt kvalitet, nå kortare byggtider och dettaska ske till en lägre kostnad. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur viktig kommunikationen ibyggprocessen är, om det finns ett samband mellan kommunikation och om projektet uppnår sitt förväntaderesultat. Vilken betydelse har målbildens förankrande och programmets utformning för projektets chanser attuppnådda det förväntade resultatet. Studien grundar sig på subjektiva resultat, utifrån de medverkandebyggaktörernas uppfattning, och mäter därmed inte frågeställningarna objektiv. Resultatet av de kvantitativaundersökningarna i denna studie visar på att det finns ett samband mellan den allmänna kommunikationen,målbildens tydlighet under projektet och målbildens uppfyllelse.