During the last decades the fertility of dairy cows has declined in the same rate as the milk yield has increased. This is a result of the negative genetic correlation between milk yield and fertility, failure to show estrous signs and metabolic problems in the cow. The purpose of this review was to investigate the function of metabolites and hormones as markers for disturbances in fertility, health and production in the dairy cow. There are several metabolites that are suggested to indicate the cow?s energy balance.

På senare tid har en kritisk diskussion växt fram kring användandet av budget som styrmedel. Budgeten anses vara tidskonsumerande, resurskrävande och den anses även inte tillhandahålla relevant information, vilket har medfört att det finns företag som avskaffat budgeten som styrmedel. Men hur styrs företag utan budget och är det möjligt att styra ett företag utan budget? Det finns forskare som anser att företag som styrs utan budget får problem med planering, samordning samt styrning av aktiviteter då de saknar ett ramverk. Ahlsell AB är företag som har styrt sin verksamhet utan budget i 17 år.

Communication is a part of everyday life. The more sensitive information we handle, the more interesting the question around security of your information becomes. There are two ways of handling security around the information you want to communicate, either you control the means by which you are communicating. Or you control the way you communicate, making you able to use existing communication channels. Existing methods within cryptography enables two parties to communicate information securely.

The purpose of this study is to analyze how special education is done in relation to what is considered "normal". The aim is to discuss how the normalization discourse appears in a pre-school for all and, by extension, how the need of special education is articulated in relation to the normalization discourse. This study also intends to discuss how the perception of what is normal affects special education in pre-schools. The study draws upon previous research within the special education area through which we make our position. Since there is only a few studies in this chosen field which are based on empirical data, our study indicates the importance of more research in this field.

This thesis work contains a litterature study about electrical motors in general and how PWM-patterns for brushless DC-motors can be made. A suitable method has been implemented as a simulation model in VHDL. A simulation model of a brushless DC-motor which describes the phasecurrents, torque and angular velocity has also been made. The motor model made simulations easier for the complete PWM-system. The design was synthesised and tested with a prototypeboard including a SPARTAN II FPGA.

I dagens samhälle blir det allt mer intressant att spara energi, dels med tanke på miljön och dels föratt minska på utgifterna. Denna energi ska sparas på ett sådant sätt att effekten för användarna blirså liten som möjligt.I denna rapport beskrivs hur ett reglersystem kan byggas för att minska energiförbrukningen hosväxthus genom att reglera belysningen på ett effektivt sätt. Systemet är helt automatiskt vilket göratt användarna inte behöver tänka på styrningen av lamporna alls när väl systemet är uppsatt ochkonfigurerat.För att styra lamporna på ett bra sätt mäts det inkommande ljuset med en PAR-sensor. Lampornatänds och släcks därefter beroende på ljusmängden och även på hur varmt, eller kallt, det är iväxthusen.Styrningen av belysningen sker med en mikrokontroller från Microchip, en PIC18F4620 som ärprogrammerad i C18. Kringkomponenter som portexpasioner, klocka och reläer användes också föratt bygga ett bra reglersystem.Resultatet är att det är möjligt att bygga ett reglersystem med begränsad budget som styr lampornapå ett effektivt sätt.

The aim of the present paper was to see why a recommended course of action is not always followed in the way it is supposed to. The paper deals with a new method (SFA-metoden) used by The Social Insurance Agency in working with sick-listed people. Aspects that are elaborated on are local effects of the method at its introduction, case managers work conditions, and control of the implementation of the method. Two different methods of investigation have been employed. On the one hand, previous reports on the method have been analysed, and, on the other hand, two focus groups interviews, one consisting of case managers´ working with the method, and one constituted by their supervisors have been carried out.The results have been analysed in accordance with, on the one hand, the theory of street level bureaucrats and, on the other hand, certain concepts applied in the new institutionalism.

AbstractLoeva, J (2013). Schoolrelated stress in female students ? a comparison between vocational and theoretical program. The Academy for health and working life, University of Gavle.Purpose: To investigate and compare perceived stress and recovery among Swedish femalestudents (high school, third degree) in a vocational program versus a theoretical program.Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on forty female students (vocationalprogram, n=20; theoretical, n=20) to give a cross section of the population in question. Datawas collected by questionnaries, which included questions on perceived stress and energylevels, demand, control and social support at school.

SELF CONTROL är ett undersökande examensarbete i textildesign. Med en textil hantverksmetod undersöker jag mötet mellan kontroll, tidsåtgång och material. Detta med utgångspunkt i en feministisk diskurs. Jag ser kontroll som något som exkluderar, censurerar och begränsar möjliga uttryck inom textilt hantverk på samma sätt som kvinnokroppen kontrolleras i ett patriarkat. Jag har använt mig utav en performativ och repetitiv metod som aktivt har gått ut på att bryta mot föreställningar om hur hantverket ska utföras.

Information technology development has in recent decades had a major impact on retailing.Discount supermarket chains began to offer customers the possibility to shop without therequirement to do this over the counter, instead the customer could help themselves buyingthe products they wanted. Retailing today has an even greater focus on the self service in thesupermarkets, recently many retailing chains has introduced self-checkout systems toincrease the profits and reduce staffing requirements. In the 1960?s the start for today's ecommercewas founded, however the development took off 30 years later in the beginning of1990. During the first years of 2000 the consumption on the Internet increased rapidly.

In light of the coming workforce shortage in Sweden the competition for human capital will be intensified on the market where employers compete in order to attract skilled labor. The competition will be most noticeable in the knowledge-intense industries, where the employees are seen as the companies? most valuable asset. The purpose of this paper is to examine how small knowledge-intensive companies can improve their position in the labor market by using the HR-model People Capability Maturity Model in order to affect their companies' Employer Brand. We take the basis of the theoretical framework in which we examine and identify the key dimensions of the Employer Brand concept and present the People Capability Maturity Model more closely.

The purpose of this essay is to study how the local creators of a "master plan" for the swedish city Kristinehamn, the years between 1940 to -43, looked on their planning. It is an analysis of ideas case study. A hypothesis is upheld for the research: that the local physical planning had largely extended ambitions what regards central state control in a way that is similar to planned economy. Questions that are asked include: Was the planning assumed to be a tool for the state to regulate the environment? Can the planning be seen as a mean to control the society in time and space? The essay search for verification of the hypothesis by a theoretical analysis apparatus made upp of ideal types.

Motivation är en viktig drivkraft för individers beteende. Den har betydelse för att handlingen såväl påbörjas som uppehålls. Forskning inom området har konstaterat att motivation uppkommer av både inre och yttre faktorer samt att en del handlingar är relativt omotiverade. Den hierarkiska modellen för inre och yttre motivation anger även att motivation förekommer på flera nivåer inom individen. Studien undersökte relationen mellan högskolestudenters kontextbundna motivation, globala självkänsla och generaliserade locus of control.

The purpose of this Master?s thesis is to describe and analyse the development of the public and the study circle libraries in the district of Kolbäck during the period of 1913-1954. The factors important for the library development described in sub-questions are: financing, locality, staffing, stock of books, book-lending level and uniting district effects. I use a hermeneutic interpretation model of interaction between the parts and the wholes, between reasons and results. This research leans mainly upon material which is sent to be deposited in archives in Hallstahammar, Västerås and Grängesberg.

International studies show that literacy skills have deteriorated among Swedish students. Empirical evidence states that before being able to learn to read it is important to have phonological awareness. From this perspective, an intervention study was launched to examine whether pupils´ phonological awareness could be enhanced through the work of a special model during a limited time. The aim of the study is to investigate whether six pupils in preschool develop phonological awareness based on Bornholmsmodellen during a limited period of time. The control group was made up of the remaining pupils in the preschool class.