Blood sampling is one of the most important diagnostic tools in veterinary medicine, and this is also true for avian medicine. A properly collected and handled venous sample can be used for serology, biochemistry and electrolyte analysis, as well as for blood smears, packed cell volume and cell differentiation. Caring for sick birds is a challenge for all veterinary staff. Many birds are easily stressed individuals, and to a very ill bird a big increase in stress level can even be fatal. Avian patients who are presented in a veterinary clinic are often in a poor condition, and blood sampling is an invasive procedure that can cause stress to the patient.

Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie har varit att undersöka förskollärares definition av omsorgssvikt, samt om emotioner påverkar att förskollärare gör en anmälan till socialtjänsten gällande omsorgssvikt. Empirin samlades in med kvalitativa intervjuer av fyra förskollärare, som hade erfarenhet av anmälan till socialtjänsten. Intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av teori om omsorgssvikt, emotioner samt interaktionsritualer. Studien ger inblick och förståelse för förskolepersonalens kunskap och erfarenheter av omsorgssvikt samt om hur emotioner formar relationer mellan de inblandade och kan påverka en anmälan. Resultatet visade att förskollärarnas definition av omsorgssvikt inte består av ett visst antal tecken, utan att de bildar sig en helhetsuppfattning av barnets situation.

This study deals with pedagogical documentation. With a revised preschool curriculum,where this is a crucial aid for illustrating the learning process of children and educators, aswell as demonstrating the activities of the school, it is of the utmost relevance to further explorethis notion. The study focuses on a single municipality and explores the various ways inwhich its preschools do in reality deal with this issue in correlation with the actual visions andgoals set by that municipality. Through a series of qualitative interviews with educators aswell as with the municipality Head of Education, this study outlines how educational documentationis in fact applied in the schools in question. The gathered data has been interpretedwith a power perspective as well as with a sociocultural perspective in mind.

Background: Mental illness is a growing public health problem which can cause significant disabilities and lead to poor quality of life. As primary care nurses often are the first to encounter these patients they need knowledge to be able to respond appropriately to this group.Aim: The aim was to describe how the sufferer of mental illness experiences the introduction to primary care. Method: The literature review was based on the results of 11 scientific articles which were analyzed with the inspiration of a metasynthesis method.Results: Four categories emerged: the experience of being treated like a human being, the importance of a therapeutic space, the experience of time and availability as well as the importance of competent personnel and the importance of continuity. Patients described different aspects deemed important when encountering nursing staff. Conclusion: Patients experienced that they received good care when they felt listened to and seen as individuals with their own thoughts and feelings.

Analysis of the piece Pygmalion in set at the Gothenburg City Theatrefrom a gender perspective with the purpose to investigate which genders that arepresented and how the piece relates to the heterosexual norm. The method consists inthe analysis and discussion of how the pieces portrays females and males (with focuson feminine and masculine coded expression and presentation of desire) and whatconsequences it brings. This based on various method books of norm-breaking designwork for Aesthetic staff, and a theory based on Judith Butler's research. Primarymaterial consists in a piece analysis of Pygmalion, from a spectator's perspective.Main Results: The designing is consciously working with a set of norm-breakinggender expression, particularly female genders. The set translates socially criticalviews against patriarchal hierarchies.

The aim of this paper is to examine how mid-level executive officers within Swedish Police respond to subordinates autonomous behaviour, mainly according to Lipsky´s theory on street-level bureaucracy. Questions focused on are:1. Which personnel related obstacles, are preventing the executive officers?2. How do executive officers counter obstacles?3.

The purpose with this essay is to describe how the principal, social worker and the teacher work to prevent bullying at school. The following questions have been discussed:Does the school have an action plan for bullying, and if so, what does it say? Who has the practical responsibility for making sure that the plan is followed, and how does that responsibility work? How is the responsibility divided between the different professions? Are the children in any way active in the planning of the work against bullying? What does the children think about who has the main responsibility for stopping bullying?The method I have used in the essay is individual interviews with principals, welfare officers and teachers from two schools.My results show that the schools have different ways of handling bullying, and different forms of cooperation within the staff. One school have active students in the work against bullying in the form of classmate support (kamratstödjare). The social worker is used in different ways in the work against bullying.

Syftet är att undersöka hur personal arbetar med samverkan och hur vårdnadshavare i förskolans verksamhet  beskriver samverkan mellan hem och förskola i mångkulturella verksamheter. I förskolans läroplan (Lpfö98/2010) står det att förskolan ska ge vårdnadshavare delaktighet och inflytande i samspel med den individuella familjens behov. Vi har genomfört en kvalitativ undersökning där vi har intervjuat personal och vårdnadshavare vad de tycker är betydelsefullt för en god samverkan. Undersökningen har genomförts med hjälp av medvetna öppna frågor följt av följdfrågor. Resultaten har jämförts mellan personal och vårdnadshavare för att undersöka respektives perspektiv på samverkan.

Over the last decade, the private insurance market has undergone a stable growth in turnover and growing demand for insurance products in all Member States of the European Union. Therefore, the creation of a single market in insurance will enable consumers to have access to wider choice of insurance products, and insurance companies to gain access to markets in various Member States and compete effectively. The EU legal framework for the insurance industry embraces the Treaty freedoms of services, establishment and capital, the EC Directives and the ECJ case-law. The present thesis identifies numerous factors that hinder the Community insurance market integration and offers possible remedies. The summary of the market obstacles is all-inclusive and reflects the responses to the questionnaires and the Commission surveys.

Background: The patient meets nurses in the emergency department that provide both nursing and has medical skills. The care that the patients are receiving should be individually adjusted. The care is shaped by the individual meeting with the patient according to the nursing theorist Orlando. There are large variations between the number of patients in an emergency department and it sets high demands on the staff, both physically and mentally. When the emergency department is highly loaded there is a priority for medical care and psycho-social and aesthetic aspects will have to wait.

Current research shows that the number of door openings during surgery is unjustifiably high. It is the operating room nurses task to ensure a hygienic and aseptic environment throughout the surgery with the goal of minimizing the risk of healthcare associated infection. The study aims to investigate whether the operating room nurse is attentive to the number of door openings during surgery and if the operating room nurse is attentive to the reasons behind the door openings. A pilot study with nine observations was carried out on two smaller hospitals in the region of Västra Götaland. The results showed a significant underestimation of the rated door openings compared with the actual ones.

A current debate is going on in Sweden about the health-care organization, how it is structured today and how it should be structured in the future. Despite major changes in the county council structures, they still got problems with for instance economy and the providing of staff. As an answer to these problems new solutions are being developed.In this thesis I examine such a solution consisting of cooperation between county councils. The aim of the thesis is to examine how and why the county councils in Sörmland and Västmanland have made a decision regarding cooperation over the administrative border.My contribution is to construct a model over change and decision processes that can be used in other cases as well. The conclusion is partly that the decision to cooperate is built on changing structural factors, such as economy, demography and medical development.

Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva äldre patienters upplevelse av sin sexualitet samt att beskriva utmaningar i kommunikationen mellan omvårdnadspersonal och äldre patienter kring sexuella problem. Metod: Det var en systematisk litteraturstudie. Resultat: Resultatet visade att sexualiteten enligt den äldre var mer än samlag, bland annat närhet och beröring var också en del av sexualiteten. Sexualiteten gav den äldre välbefinnande och den finns alltid kvar. Samtidigt kunde den sexuella lusten minska eller försvinna och det var mer hälsoproblem än åldern som gjorde att sexualitetens betydelse minskade.

This report describes the work of developing a specification of requirements for Waste Heat Recovery Units. The main part of the paper describes how the work with the specification of requirements has been performed. One specific question to be answered is:What are the customer?s demands in case of properties for the Waste Heat Recovery Units and how is that information collected as an order documentation to suit the business area Oil & Gas?The report begins with a description of the assignment and continues with the aim and background. A theoretical part describes the different areas and methods that have been important during the process.

Veterinary hospital care and advanced veterinary services are rapidly growing industries. As of January 1, 2010, veterinary nursing became a licensed vocation, the title of veterinary nurse became protected, and the act regulating competence among the professions of the veterinary field was extended. These changes, along with increased demands and expectations from owners, have given rise to greater demands on the staff's qualifications and have increased the need for well-educated staff with expertise in several different areas. The aim of this study was to find out what the licensed veterinary nurse can do in terms of rehabilitation for the hospitalized equine patient suffering from orthopedic injury. This has been carried out through qualitative interviews with veterinary surgeons experienced in treating such patients, and also by reviewing the relevant literature.