Purpose: The purpose of this essay is to describe the social media usage of five European official national tourism organizations (NTO). The essay proceeds to discuss and evaluate the findings, whilst reflecting on the advantages of social media usage from the point of view of an official national tourism organization.Method: The authors used three different methods of research: one structured observation to study the national tourism organizations? everyday work in social media, one field stimulation to study if and how different NTO respond if a prospective visitor makes them a direct question via social media and finally an email interview to gain insight into NTO?s underlying strategies and policies about social media usage.Theoretical framework: The theories that have been used in this paper include the Uses and gratifications model, theories of one-way and multi-way communication, theories of social media and relationship marketing.Conclusion: By making use of social media the company releases some of its control to the customers as the latter can express their opinions freely in this type of media. One of the advantages of social media is that the platform favors dialogue and feedback. Social media can be used for traditional one-way communication, but works best as a supplement to the regular marketing activities, allowing the activities on social media platforms to focus on branding and building long-term customer relationships.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka samband mellan lagsammanhållning och upplevt motivationsklimat i fotboll, samt skillnaden mellan kvinnliga och manliga fotbollsspelare i lagsammanhållning och upplevt motivationsklimat. I studien deltog 101 fotbollspelare mellan 15 år och 19 år (m=17.05, sd=0.93) från olika gymnasier med fotbollsinriktning i Halland. Lagsammanhållning mättes med ?Group Environment Questionarie? och motivationsklimat med ?The Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionaire-3?. Studiens resultat visade att såväl positiva som negativa samband mellan lagsammanhållning och upplevt motivationsklimat, samt att män och kvinnor skiljer sig i vissa kategorier av lagsammanhållning och motivationsklimat.

In this report the two authors, and project contributors alike, describe their work withdeveloping a solar cooker intended for usage in the developing countries of the world.Specifically, the work aims at developing a new, solar heat driven cooking device, possiblybased upon the current product. This should, in comparison to the current product, be lighter,easier to transport and to produce. Also, the new product?s production mustn?t be more costlythan today and the included materials and components must be obtainable from within theBolivian national borders where the product is currently produced. During the project, certainadvantages with a more efficient, and, above all, a more moderately priced product, werediscovered.

Titel: Celebrity endorsement a?r va?l ingen sport ? En studie om hur sportmodevaruma?rkenanva?nder celebriteter i varuma?rkesbyggande syfteFo?rfattare: Erik Hagberg & Niklas RadhammarHandledare: Thomas HelgessonNiva?: Kandidatuppsats, Marknadsfo?ring 15 hp, VT 2012Nyckelord: Varuma?rke, varuma?rkeskapital, celebrity endorsement, celebrity endorser, sportmodevaruma?rke, varuma?rkesbyggandeProblemformulering: Hur arbetar sportmodevaruma?rken pa? den svenska marknaden med celebriteter i sina varuma?rkesbyggande processer?Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats a?r att med utga?ngspunkt i den teoretiska referensramen och en abduktiv fallstudie av fem varuma?rken, kartla?gga hur sportmodevaruma?rken arbetar med celebriteter i varuma?rkesbyggande a?ndama?l pa? den svenska marknaden. Vi vill a?ven analysera positiva effekter och risker vid anva?ndning av celebriteter i varuma?rkesstrategier.Metod: En kvalitativ ansats med ett abduktivt angreppssa?tt har anva?nts, da?r beslutsfattare fra?n fem varuma?rken har intervjuats inom uppsatsens a?mne. De fem fo?retagen a?r adidas, Craft, Tenson, Peak Performance samt Unihoc.

Title: Change Communication within organizations ? How perceptions differ between managers and employees in an organizational changeAuthor: Emma Ender & Fanny TeschTutor: Anne-Marie MorhedPurpose: The purpose of this thesis was to study and compare different perceptions of change communication between managers and employees within two smaller organizations. We wanted to examine how the communication process within the change was carried out. We also aimed to compare the results with change communication models of Johansson & Heide (2008) and Lewin (1951), and also existing concepts, to see if our result differed from earlier research. Our key questions to answer were: How do managers communicate a change to the employees in two smaller companies? How do the managers think that the employees perceive the information about the change? How do the employees perceive the information about the change? How does change models from previous research correspond to, or differ from the change process?Method/Material: The material used in this thesis consists of a total of twelve interviews with both managers and employees at two small companies.Main results: The main results shows that communicating a change is complex, and that it is difficult to create models and theories for the phenomenon, as each change is unique.

Social media constitutes an increasing part of organizations and businesses today, regardlessif its segment is B2B (Business to business) or B2C (Business to consumer). The use ofsocial media has been self-evident for many companies, especially throughout the B2C area.The study examined attitudes towards Web 2.0 and social media in the B2B-segment, andwhat advantages and disadvantages that might exist with the use of the implementation. Inorder to answer the research question a qualitative case study on the company IFS (Industrialand Financial Systems) was made..

Knowledge is today one of the most important resources for an organization to handle. But knowledge can also be difficult for organizations to manage. The internet is still growing and new tools take form that allows users to effectively share information. The purpose of this report was to describe how organizations can make use out of internal social media to facilitate knowledge management processes. Three issues involving mapping, coding and dissemination of knowledge to were produced to answer the thesis. The study was limited to examining the identification, coding and dissemination of knowledge through the internal social media plattformen, IBM Connections. The theoretical framework emphasizes how social networks can promote knowledge sharing, how a knowledge mapping can promote knowledge dissemination and sharing, how knowledge can be stored in data sources and how important interaction is to spread awareness. The theory has been supplemented by descriptions of how the system IBM Connections works. Surveys were conducted on four companies that use IBM Connections as an internal communication plattformen. The four companies were selected to illustrate how they use the plattformen of knowledge management processes and we chose to interview the people who were responsible for the introduction of the plattformen. The study identified several similarities between the different companies and that although there were some technical and cultural recalcitrant units against this new type of system within the organization so favored IBM Connections knowledge in several ways. The built-in search automatic created a map of knowledge through the plattform's user profiles. Saved files and documents could be found even after the employees left the company, which encodes knowledge into the company knowledge resources. The opportunity to interact with one another, often over great distances, favored the sharing of knowledge. A comparison with the theoretical framework provided us with the conclusion that internal social media can be used in several ways to Knowledge management through automated knowledge maps, the ability to store knowledge within the company and to communicate knowledge across functional and geographical boundaries in interactive discussions..

In regards to a request placed by the manager of Måltidsservice I Sollentuna Kommun, we have agreed to investigate the internal communication within the organization. The purpose of the essay is to describe the necessity of internal communication within the organization and to identify its strengths and weaknesses.It?s of the utmost importance that the internal communication is under constant care. It contributes to creating fellowship and to motivate people to greater achievements. At the end of the day it?s the managers responsibility to create a well-developed internal communication.

Syftet med den aktuella studien är att se om kommunikatörer i offentlig sektor arbetar strategiskt med kommunikation och på så sätt bidrar till den egna organisationens måluppfyllelse och effektivitet. Frågeställningarna är:Arbetar kommunikationsfunktioner och kommunikatörer inom kommuner, landsting och myndigheter strategiskt med kommunikation?Är strategiska arbetsuppgifter prioriterade och är kommunikationsfunktionerna bra på att utföra dessa uppgifter?Har kommunikationsfunktionerna och kommunikationsansvariga de förutsättningar som krävs för att de ska kunna arbeta strategiskt med kommunikation?Den teoretiska ramen utgörs av en sammanfattning av litteratur och tidigare forskning om stra­teg­isk kommunikation, organisationers mål och kommunikation samt av kommunikations­funk­tioner och professionen.För studien valdes en kvantitativ metod, en surveyundersökning. Två versioner av en enkät togs fram och skickades via e-post till organisations­chefer respektive kommunikationsansvariga vid samtliga av Sveriges kommuner, landsting och myndigheter. Totalt skickades 1 082 enkäter, bortfallet var 2 procent och svarsfrekvensen 65 procent.Resultaten visar att organisationschefer och kommunikationsansvariga anser att kommunikation bidrar till målen. Kommunikationsansvariga anser också att de och deras funktioner arbetar strategiskt med kommunikation och att deras ledningar förväntar sig det av dem.

Every year, thousands tons of edible food are discarded by the grocery stores. This is food that could have gone to people that?s in need of it. In many countries, so called food banks are established in order to supply welfare organizations with this kind of food. Today there is no equivalent system existing in Sweden.

Syftet med uppsatsen var att förstå hur Ultimate Fighting Championships (UFC), en amerikansk kampsportstävling startad 1993 i USA, har legitimerat sin verksamhet, från att ha varit starkt kritiserad, till att nå framgång och internationell spridning. I sin linda under 90-talet gjorde dessa brutala, i princip oreglerade och slagsmålsliknande former, att tävlingen möttes av kritik från politiskt håll, vilket kom att hota organisationens överlevnad.UFCs legitimeringsprocess under 90-talet fram till en bit av 2000-talet visade på tydliga paralleller till boxningen, som under 1800-talet även den hotades av illegalitet. Så har också Norbert Elias och Eric Dunning, med bland annat boxningen som exempel, beskrivit hur (teorin om) civilisationens process påverkade fritidsaktiviteter till att bli vad vi idag kallar för sport. Avsnittet med historisk bakgrund över bl.a. boxning ämnar visa på dessa paralleller, med fokus på sporternas nära stundande illegalitet till förmån för en verksamhet som tvangs att bli mer reglerad och kontrollerad ? mer ?civiliserad?.Det som hotade UFC var dock inte direkt sett illegitimitet, utan utfrysning och hot från de medel som kunde styra sportens visibilitet, dvs.

As companies worldwide are in search of competitiveness and larger shares of the market, organizational change has become a key-factor to sustain a competitive edge. But as organizations consist of people, the human aspect of change is not to be disregarded. When change occurs, humans need time to find their new role in the organization, a process that takes time. In this thesis the authors ask themselves what an implementation process of a new managerial role looks like. To answer this question they?ve studied LRF Konsult.

This is a descriptive paper based on a questionnaire- and literature study regarding how dogs are trained, what type and frequency of injuries that occur as well as how the dogs are best prepared for work. Using the results from the questionnaire, an overview is given on how members of Working dog clubs train their dogs and what kind of injuries that occur most frequently. The average age among the dogs included in the study was only about three years. This could indicate that older dogs are not trained in the same extent as young dogs. The results show that only a third of the dog owners warmed up their dogs before training.

Utbudet av dieter och hälsobudskap finns idag överallt. Oavsett om syftet är att gå ner i vikt för att minska framtida hälsorisker eller för att optimera kosten inför en tävling, så finns det information, råd och riktlinjer i överflöd. En av de senaste trenderna i USA är att utesluta vete i kosten.Syftet med denna uppsats är att skapa en förståelse i varför elitidrottare, utan konstaterad födoämnesallergi, väljer bort vete ur kosten. Kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med fem elitidrottare på landslagsnivå inom tre olika sporter. Materialet tematiserades och analyserades.De intervjuade elitidrottarna ansåg att konsumtion av vete har en negativ inverkan på deras idrottsliga prestationer.

As a result of the so called ?Million Program? between the years 1965 ? 1975 the design-build contract had its breakthrough in Sweden. Since then, the contract form has become increasingly common and now holds a strong position on the Swedish market. In design-build contracts it?s usual that the design and production time is overlapping.