I have studied the suburban municipality of Botkyrka, south of Stockholm, from a rural perspective. Through that I`ve compared how countryside comes into being with the planning and building of suburbs. I have looked for a definition of Countryside, and found that it is often explained or defined in negative terms, as what it is not. In that it says nothing about what it really is, or about the qualitiies it has to it. Botkyrka is a suburb, but it does in large parts consist of countryside. Apart from defining countryside and rural I´ve been searching for a definition of suburbia, of it´s structure and the mental picture we have of it as a cultural phenomena. In order to understand the role that suburbs have in planning I describe their history from Italian renaissance villas to sprawl. By opposing urban and rural, modern urban planning and how rural areas are created, I´ve come to a definition of rural planning and the making of countryside. To make countryside, planning and building should come from individual needs and desires. A relationship to the surroundings based on continous interaction between the human beeing and it´s environment, a constant process of shaping and reshaping. To put my thoughts to the ground I have collected examples of projects and ideas, that fits into my view of what rural planning and making countryside is all about. They are put in different categories according to the possibilities of influence and to what degree it is put into private hands. The first category is ?allemansrätten?, every mans right. That is the rigt to use private land as long as you don´t disturb or destroy.

Vad är estetik? Hur ser något ut som är estetiskt tilltalande? Estetiska värderingar är något som vi ganska ofta talar om. Nästan alla har sina bestämda åsikter om vad som är vackert eller fult. Ändå är det väldigt få, om ens någon, som faktiskt kan definiera vad det är som gör något vackert. Ofta hör man beskrivningar handlar om positiva upplevelser knutna till något som man sett förut.

Vid gallring med normalstora skördare och skotare används vanligtvis noll, ett eller två beståndsstråk mellan stickvägarna. Arbetsmetodiken har studerats empiriskt, men med en begränsad omfattning per studie. Fördelen med simulering som studiemetod är att man med bra modeller över maskiners prestation kan jämföra flera gallringsmetoder vid inverkan av en stor mängd olika förhållanden. I denna studie har en matematisk prestationsmodell konstruerats för deterministiska jämförelser av dessa metoders drivningskostnad i förstagallring av tall. Modellen innehöll en Spatial del för skördaren, med bl.a.

Detta examensarbete är skrivet på tyska och behandlar Deutsche Bahn AG:s (det tyska järnvägsaktiebolaget) planer på att förlägga järnvägsstationen Hamburg-Altona, till ett industriområde 2 km norr om det läge den har idag. Enligt dessa planer ska dagens säckstation ersättas av en genomfartsstation, där tunnelbanestationen Diebsteich idag ligger. Den centrala frågeställningen för examens­arbetet är: Vilken påverkan har en ny järnvägsstation på sin omgivning? Rent konkret står platsen för Altonas nya järnvägsstation i fokus och möjligheterna för en ny strukturell utveckling av dess närområde. Arbetet bygger på teorier av Prof. Luca Bertolini, som menar att potentialen för ett utvecklings­projekt kring en järnvägsstation be­ror på förhållandet mellan stationen som trafikknutpunkt och stationen som plats.

Förtätning innebär att nya byggnader placeras i anslutning till redan bebyggda områden så att befintlig service, infrastruktur och trafiksystem kan utnyttjas och förstärkas. Vårt examensarbete handlar om bostadsförtätning i Göteborgsregionen. Vi diskuterar begreppet förtätning och har genomfört fallstudier på två platser i orterna Mölndal och Mölnlycke strax utanför Göteborg. Arbetet inleds med en genomgång av olika förtätningstyper och dess positiva och negativa konsekvenser. Ökad exploatering ger fler bostäder i attraktiva områden, men innebär också ökad trafik och andra påfrestningar för dem som bor i närheten. Ibland planeras förtätning i grönområden, på parkeringsplatser och fotbollsplaner som människor gärna vill behålla. Både Mölndal och Mölnlycke präglas av närheten till Göteborg, många pendlar till arbeten i storstan. Men båda dessa samhällen har vuxit upp runt industrier och näringslivet blomstrar även i dag.

There have previously been very few studies of forests on Seram Island in the Eastern Indonesian archipelago and none before on lowland limestone primary forests. The COLUPSIA project on collaborative land use planning has therefore chosen Seram as one of two project sites. The objective of the COLUPSIA project is to establish collaborative and equitable land use planning. In order to achieve its objective the COLUPSIA project aims to improve understanding of traditional resource management and how it interacts with governmental systems, as well as enhancing knowledge about tropical landscapes and ecosystem services.The aim of this study was to contribute to the COLUPSIA project through describing lowland limestone forest on Seram Island in respect to (1) forest structure, (2) tree species richness and (3) tree species composition. We set up 5 plots, each of 0.2 ha, at one site, Mawalai, and collected data on tree variables (tree diameter ?10 cm) as well as for some other life forms and environmental data.

Uppsatsens syfte är undersöka hur två gruvorter (Gällivare/Malmberget och Kiruna) arbetar med och integrerar hållbar stadsutveckling i samband med den pågående och planerade flytten av städerna. Vidare är syftet att belysa eventuella svårigheter/otydligheter i arbetet med hållbar stadsutveckling och hur det praktiska planeringsarbetet i samhällsomvandlingens namn bedrivs i Gällivare och Kiruna. Då båda städerna har med ordet ?hållbarhet? i sin vision om hur det nya samhället ska vara, blir det intressant att undersöka hur deras syn på hållbarhet ser ut och hur de integrerar hållbar stadsutveckling i samhällsomvandlingen. Hållbarhet och hållbar stadsutveckling har sedan 1960-talet utvecklats till att bli det rådande planeringsidealet. Det är dock ett luddigt begrepp som inte är mätbart eller enkelt att använda för de som arbetar med fysisk planering. Då fokus ligger på två svenska städer har Sveriges politiska syn på hållbarhet studerats.

 The aim of this two-years master?s thesis is to examine the role of the body and the importance of nonverbal communication in the library workplace and to explore the possibility of becoming more nonverbally skilled. For this purpose a course was developed and presented to nine librarians in a public library in the vicinity of Stockholm in February, 2011. Qualitative interviews with the librarians were conducted after the course.Important theories for this work were Annemaree Lloyd?s thoughts on corporeality, Erving Goffman?s dramaturgical sociology and John Dewey?s learning by doing.

Every plan and program decided on by an authority or municipality, where the environmental impact can be considerable, must be environmentally assessed according to Environmental Code, the Planning and Building Act (PBA) and the Regulation on Environmental Impact Assessment.The purpose of this study is to examine the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for The Region Development Plan for the Stockholm Region, RUFS 2010. The plan was approved by at that time the Regional Planning Office (Regionplanekontoret), which procured the process by consultants. RUFS 2010 includes two merged plans ie. a regional Development Plan (RUP) and the Regional Spatial Plan for Stockholm. It was necessary to establish an environmental assessment of RUP, but not for the regional plan.

European cities of today are under the challenge to find ways to stay competitive and flourish in a rapidly changing world, where the old patterns of centrality and periphery not necessarily holds true. New and improved communication networks, a changed political geography in Europe, and the globalisation of not only the financial and industrial markets but also to a certain extent the globalisation of people, have all led to great challenges for cities and regions.In a changed Spatial reality the classic monocentric models are challenged by newer models of urbanisation. The polycentric urban region is one such model which has been used to describe urban regions like the Randstad in the Netherlands and the Rhein-Ruhr region in Germany. Regions which lack the single dominant central city of the monocentric models of old, and instead shows a high degree of more equal-sized and sometimes more specialised cities in regional cooperation. The polycentric urban region is in that aspect a possible model for how other urbanised regions in Europe may act to be able to position themselves as attractive urban regions and regional hubs in the European urban network.Polycentric urban regions are not a universal solution, though.

?gats fixeringar, punkterna d?r blicken stannar, och sackader, de snabba hoppen mellan fixeringar, bildar ett unikt punktm?nster i tid och rum. Dessa m?nster kan d?refter analyseras och till?mpas inom olika discipliner. Syftet med detta arbete ?r att bygga statistiska modeller som efterliknar dessa m?nster.

Pigs are often mentioned as relatively intelligent animals when compared to other nonhuman species. Despite this knowledge, the vast majority of pigs are kept under conditions that lack opportunities to satisfy their cognitive needs. Therefore, a need to evaluate the present scientific studies about pig cognition was acknowledged, in order to evaluate to what extent the knowledge is applied in the husbandry of finishing pigs. If a considerable lack of application was determined, suggestions about how to use the obtained information to improve pig welfare were also to be made. A synthesis of the present literature was made, and it could be concluded that a considerable amount of studies had been carried out in the present area. The pigs of today appear to have the same behavioural and cognitive needs as their ancestor, the wild boar.

To effectively manage a forest resource for both economic and other values good planning is required. The problem is complex since you want to know which forest to cut and when. Often a hierarchical planning structure is applied, including strategic (long-term), tactical, (medium-term) and operational level. Today SCA Forest is one of few forestry companies in the northern Sweden with an integrated forest wood supply and industry. The goals of the company are to supply their own industries with wood and to manage the resources of the forest through a long-term perspective with satisfactory profitability.

The aim of this study has been to make clear the conception of ?The Garden City?, and also to investigate why and how the garden city has come to be a more frequent and attractive form of settlement in our Swedish community. The essay is supported by a literature study about the garden city from its beginning (1890?s) to present time. To make a distinct explanation of the garden cities progress over time, I have studied the idea behind two garden cities of today, Tullinge and Vistabergs garden city.

Every plan and program decided on by an authority or municipality, where the environmental impact can be considerable, must be environmentally assessed according to Environmental Code, the Planning and Building Act (PBA) and the Regulation on Environmental Impact Assessment.The purpose of this study is to examine the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for The Region Development Plan for the Stockholm Region, RUFS 2010. The plan was approved by at that time the Regional Planning Office (Regionplanekontoret), which procured the process by consultants. RUFS 2010 includes two merged plans ie. a regional Development Plan (RUP) and the Regional Spatial Plan for Stockholm. It was necessary to establish an environmental assessment of RUP, but not for the regional plan.