Success in treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy against different types of cancer tumors is limited by side-effects such as hearing loss which can have a large impact on the individual`s quality of life. It is of great importance to continue with studies that address this complex of problems.Objective: The aim of this literature review is to investigate the impact of platinum-based chemotherapy on hearing in children and adolescents treated for different types of cancer.Method: A descriptive review of literature was made based on sources from 15 different studies on the impact of platinum-based chemotherapy on hearing in the target group.Results: The survey of the studies shows that platinum-based chemotherapy causes incidence of hearing loss by differing degree in the target group. Dosage of a platinum-based substance appeared to be the most significant factor. Treatment with both cisplatin and carboplatin was more ototoxic than treatment with only one of these. Greater risk for hearing loss was to a higher degree observed in younger children.

Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa vad motivation är och kan vara inom omvårdnad. Metoden för studien var litteraturstudie där åtta vetenskapliga artiklar redovisas i resultatet. Begreppet motivation är en viktig faktor för människan som patient i olika övergångar/rörelser från ohälsa till hälsa. Det är patientens egen motivation som är avgörande hur patienten lyckas att nå sina mål. Viktiga faktorer i motivationen är att patienten har en självmedvetenhet, att patienten känner förtroende för sjuksköterskan och en närvaro av de närstående.

In this study we have examined in which way the horse is used in Equine Assisted Therapy, and what effects the treatment staff experience and describes that the interaction with horses has on girls who self-harms. Our Empirical data was collected through qualitative methods such as interviews, participant observation and informal interviews with a total of six different informants, from five different activities with Equine Assisted Therapy for girls who self-harms. In the analysis we have assumed symbolic interactionism, a theory focusing on the human as a social being, where the self-image alters in the social interaction with other human beings. We interwove this theory with the Biophilia hypothesis, an explanatory model concerning human?s relationship to animals and nature.The conclusions we have found in the results are:Equine Assisted Therapy is a complementary treatment comprises both horseback riding and exercises which is not based on the horsebackEquine Assisted Therapy almost always involves three parts, the therapist, the client and the horse.

The need for second language learning is increasing in today?s multicultural and globalized society, and adult studies are becoming more common. Teachers must encourage all students, and all schools need to promote equality. Motivation is one of the most important factors for positive learning and progress, and it can be helpful for second language teachers to know more about this subject. The aim of this study was to examine which motivational factors that influence adult immigrants to learn Swedish through SFI education in Sweden.

I den här studien undersöker jag hur aktiva lärare reflekterar kring motivation och vilka metoder och tillvägagångssätt de använder för att öka elevers motivation till läsning. Jag tar del av lärarnas egna perspektiv och erfarenheter och valde därför att använda mig av kvalitativ intervju som val av metod. Dessa intervjuer utför jag på tre lärare som alla arbetar på mellanstadiet med ämnet svenska då jag anser att detta ger mig tillräckligt med information för att besvara mina frågeställningar. Denscombe (2009) beskriver intervju som en lättvindig och fördelaktig metod vid de tillfällen då man vill undersöka en människas tankar.Resultatet visar ganska tydligt hur lärare reflekterar över motivation och alla anser det vara en viktig del i arbetet som lärare för att kunna hjälpa elever frammåt. Det visar även att samtliga lärare använder sig av liknande mönster för att skapa motivation till läsning och dessa har jag kategoriserat i resultatet i form av olika underrubriker, exempelvis ''böckernas åtkomlighet'', ''lärarens betydelse'' och ''hemmets betydelse''.

This paper is an analysis of the novel Season of Migration to The North by Tayeb Salih. Season of Migration to The North was first published in 1967 and it is the most accomplished among several works in modern Arabic literature.I shall focus on one of the two major characters, Mustafa Said, a young Sudanese student whose brilliant career at school in Sudan and Cairo eventually brings him to England; he has a successful academic career in England as a lecturer at the University of London.One of the major themes of the novel is the confrontation between Mustafa Said and England, which in other terms is described as the confrontation between East and West. The conflict is rooted in colonialism. Mustafa Said?s native country, Sudan, was a British colony when the story takes place.

Syftet med studien är att via tidigare utförd forskning undersöka om det finns och hur eventuella samband ser ut mellan motivation och motion. Studien utfördes genom en metaanalys, insamlingen av artiklar var ifrån databaser vilket Högskolan i Gävle ger studenter tillgång till. Utsållning av artiklar skedde utifrån sökkriterier som skrevs utifrån syftet och målgruppen vilket är vuxna människor generellt sett. Vidare analyserades de funna artiklarna och ett resultat trädde fram. Resultatet visar på att samband mellan motivation och motion träder fram i studiens belysta artiklar samt att motivation är föränderligt och påverkningsbart genom olika metoder.

Background: Since the coining of the phrase lean production by Womack, Jones and Roos in 1990, this mass production system of Japanese origin has been implemented in a multitude of organizations throughout the world, the results being predominantly positive from a financial point of view. The possibly negative effects of mass production on worker motivation have been discussed since quality of work life became an important political issue in Sweden in the 1970?s. As the popularity of lean service is now increasing, there are still unresolved issues regarding the transferability of a mass production system to the service industry, particularly with regards to the motivation of service employees.Purpose: The purpose of our thesis is to study the lean system of a Swedish bank, SEB Way, from a management- as well as an employee perspective in order to describe how lean may affect the work motivation of service employees.Research procedure: The study is empirically based on observations and interviews on multiple hierarchical levels at SEB. We have conducted a total of 13 interviews with front line employees at SEB, with the central SEB Way team as well as two external lean specialists.Results: The study indicates that SEB Way has little direct influence on the intrinsic work motivation of the SEB front line employees, as work motivation was present prior to the implementation of lean.

The purpose of my study is to investigate teacher?s perceptions of their mission in the preschool class, and how they work to promote children?s written language development. What methods and working methods they use to awaken curiosity and motivate children to read and write. I am using the qualitative research method to get answers to my questions. I have made four qualitative interviews with four teachers in preschool classes from different schools.My questions are:What conceptions does teachers have about their mission in a preschool class?What different methods and approaches does teachers use to stimulate and wake children?s curiosity for reading and writing development?The theoretical basis for my study is the socio-cultural perspective, where learning occurs in interaction.

Chinas government has a multifunctional program for a more sustainable forestry since 2000. This six key forest programs goal is to develop a more sustainable forest sector but also take environment consideration. The state forest administration in China has decided to create 5.8 million hectare of fast growing and high yield forest. Eucalyptus has showed to have good properties for pulp and timber production and therefore Eucalyptus plantations are under development in costal areas in southern China. By adding extra nutrients, growth can be enhanced in Eucalyptus plantations.

Amongst the published literature researching wet cleaning of paper there is a limited amount of studies conducted researching the method simmering water treatment. There are even less studies conducted on how simmering water affects the paper being treated when used as a cleaning method. Despite the limited research, there are literary reviews describing the method and suggesting it as an alternative for conservation of paper with iron-gall ink. The following study will therefore be examining, the somewhat unusual method, simmering water treatment, and comparing it to one of the more common wet cleaning methods: immersion washing. This is done to compare how the different temperatures of the water affect the paper. The types of paper used in this study consists of three dyed and four undyed papers. All of the papers are new, apart from one sample originating from 1847.

A possible treatment for patients with lymphoma and myeloma is stem cell transplantation (SCT). SCT is preceded with cytostatic treatment. There are several side effects related to this treatment, for example fatigue, nausea, constipation/diarrhoea, pain, mucositis and loss of appetite. Aim: Investigate which side effects related to the treatment where most troubling after SCT and if nurse assessment and patient assessment differ. Methods: A quantitative empirical study with repeated measuring.

Ohälsan ökar i västvärlden som en följd av bland annat försämrade kostvanor och alltför lite fysisk aktivitet. För att öka aktivitetsgraden hos den vuxna befolkningen i Sverige erbjuds många via arbets¬givaren möjlighet till friskvård på betald arbetstid. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka olika aspekter av motivation och inställ¬ning till motion hos individer som nyttjar respektive inte utnyttjar friskvårdsförmånen. Data samlades in genom semistruktu¬rerade intervjuer med tio personer vilka sedan analyserades enligt teoristyrd tematisk analys. Deltagarna besvarade även ett standardiserat mät¬instrument (Sport Motivation Scale).

This essay is about power in the classroom. It is about the power dimension of the student-teacher relationships that arise in that space. The overall aim has been to investigate which categories are fruitful in a power analysis of these relationships. My aim has therefore been to develop power categories and to use them to identify and to categorise cases of power interaction that take place between those particular actors in that particular setting.In order to gather material for my study I have both read literature that approaches the study of the student-teacher relationships from a power perspective and done a series of observations in a high school.My theoretical frame comprises a concept of power and a series of power categories. These categories include strength, authority, inducement, coercion, violence, resistance as well as to possess power, to have power, to exert power, the scope of power and the base of power.

Förett företags konkurrenskraft och överlevnad är det idag av stor vikt att ha enfungerande rekrytering och kompetensförsörjning som matchar företagets behovmed individens. Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie var att undersökaupplevelser av arbetsrelaterad motivation och lojalitet vad det gällerdeltagande i ett Traineeprogram. Två fokusgruppintervjuer med fem deltagarefrån år 2011 och fem deltagare från 2012 ligger till grund för studien. Dataanalyserades med kvalitativ tematisk dataanalys och huvudresultatet visademycket positiva upplevelser av motivation och lojalitet. Resultatet visade attdeltagarna upplevde att de fått en god inblick i hela organisationen och därmedutvecklat bättre förståelse, engagemang och tillit.