ABSTRACTBackground and aims: Nutrition is a part of the medical treatment, and also a part of the nursingcare. In spite of this, malnutrition is a common problem in the health care sector. Studies show thatnurses have too little knowledge about nutrition and malnutrition and that nutrition has low priorityin the daily work. The aim with this study was to find out the nurses self-reported knowledge aboutand their attitudes towards malnutrition, nutrition screening, prevention and treatment of patientswith malnutrition.Methods: A questionnaire was handed out to 65 nurses in two different care units and 36questionnaires were answered.Results: The respondents from the two care units self-reported their knowledge about nutrition andmalnutrition low. Most of the respondents stated to have a big need of education about nutritionscreening and more than half of the respondents stated that they have a need of education forprevention and treatment of malnutrition.

The purpose of this study is to do a research about some pedagogues? perceptions of the social phenomenon of bullying, about the roles that can occur and how these pedagogues consider themselves to work accordingly. Our research questions are therefore:What beliefs about the social phenomenon of bullying has the pedagogues?What roles emerge in different bullying situations according to the pedagogues?How do the pedagogues work with bullying and the roles that emerge?The study provides insight into how different approaches to bullying can contribute to various pedagogical implications in anti-bullying work. In our theoretical part we present general issues and the roles that different writers describe.

This thesis investigates how crime prevention is represented with the aim of preventing and reducing youth crime in two crime prevention strategies for Croydon in England and Stockholm in Sweden for the period 2022-2026. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to increased knowledge and deeper understanding about how crime prevention is represented by prevailing discourse in policy documents against juvenile delinquency in Europe by conducting a comparative analysis. The study was conducted based on Carol Bacchi?s theory ?What?s the problem represented to be?. Three adapted questions from the WPR approach were translated to critically discourse-analytically examine two policy-oriented strategies against youth crime on local level in Croydon and Stockholm.

The aim of this study was to understand how social workers perceive and understand violence and threats of violence from clients, and how it effect their working environment. It seems that the respondents understand the violence and threats of violence from clients as a result of the clients background problems, vulnerability, dependency and from ?the reason" that the client is currently in the contact with the organization. How respondents interpret the client´s behaviour based on the above-mentioned factors, seem to determine how the respondents perceive and define the violence and threats of violence by clients directed against them. Interestingly enough, although all respondents in the study experienced violence and threats of violence from clients, none of them perceived themselves as exposed at work. The answer to this is consensual.

Syftet med fördjupningsarbetet är att belysa den byggda miljöns betydelse för brottsligheten i ett bostadsområde. Arbetet har haft en utgångspunkt i att brottslighet kan förebyggas. För att ett brott ska kunna äga rum krävs att tre faktorer är uppfyllda; en motiverad gärningsman, ett objekt eller offer samt tillfälle att begå brottet. Utifrån det talar man om två typer av brottsförebyggande. Dels så kallad Social prevention, det vill säga att påverka människor genom olika sociala åtgärder, dels situationell prevention, exempelvis genom att utforma miljöer och bostadsområden som gör det svårare att begå brott.

The aim of this study is to describe and analyze how Bolaget, a paper published by the Swedish alcohol monopoly retailer Systembolaget, constructs issues of alcohol in 18 preventive articles published between 2009 and 2012. More specifically the essay focuses on the consequences of alcohol, as well as its consumers and functions. Systembolaget is a distributor of alcohol and at the same time has an assignment by the state to reduce alcohol-related harm. This double role makes the alcohol prevention of Systembolaget, and their perspective on consequences, consumers and functions of alcohol, an interesting object of study. The theoretical and methodological basis is Fairclough?s critical discourse analysis.

ABSTRACTAim: The aim of this study was to examine differences in the documentation of the case incident reports, before (FRP) and after (FRE) the introduction of a quality standard for fall prevention in the geriatric departments at a Swedish University hospital. Method: 51 fall incident reports were collected before the introduction of quality standards for fall prevention and 63 after. Differences in documentation between the fall incident reports were analyzed with a Chi-2 test. Results: Number of case incidents in which the use of the alarm mat was documented increased after the introduction of quality standards for fall prevention and documented use of shoes and walker decreased. The majority of all documented case incidents occurred inside the patient room according to both FRP and FRE.

Bakgrund: Vårdboende har setts vara en reservoar för resistenta bakterier, och prevention är av stor vikt, då äldre har ökad risk att drabbas. Sjuksköterskans kunskaper om hur dessa bakteriers sprids, kan utgöra grunden för hur arbetet läggs upp. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva prevention mot spridning av resistenta bakterier på särskilt vårdboende. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en allmän litteraturstudie. Resultat: Införandet av handhygienprodukter, skyddshandskar, skyddsrockar, screening och städrutiner var effektiva preventionsmetoder.

Introduction: Suicide is a major public health problem both internationally and in Sweden. Itis known in research that sex and gender have a bearing on the incidence of suicide andattempted suicide. Gender Bias in medical research could lead to medical errors and to thatthe problem is made invisible. That is why it is important to identify and eliminate them. AimThe purpose of this paper was to examine whether there is gender bias in scientific articlesdealing with suicide prevention interventions and how this is expressed.

Trots att stor kunskap finns vad det gäller riskfaktorer, prevention, bedömning och vård fortsätter prevalensen av trycksår att stiga oroväckande. Trycksår fortsätter att förbli ett betydande hälsoproblem och en signifikant ekonomisk belastning för sjukvården runt om i världen. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att ur ett omvårdnadsperspektiv belysa hur uppkomsten av trycksår kan förebyggas. I studien framkom att ett av de viktigaste aspekterna av trycksårsprevention är att en korrekt riskbedömning av trycksår görs så att förebyggande åtgärder kan sättas in tidigt till de patienter som är i behov av det. Det finns en rad olika bedömningsinstrument, men de flesta av dem har inte fått sin validitet beprövad i någon undersökning, och utav de som har prövats visar ingen på en tillräckligt hög tillförlitlighet.

The purpose of this essay has been to examine how the city of Helsingborg´s prevention of alcohol and drug use among youths is laid out. It has been of special interest to examine the youth centers (after school programs) preventive work with youths and its effects on frequency of alcohol and narcotics use among youths.The people we have interviewed are all involved in the three organizations: the youth centers, schools, and social services. The results showed that the youth center staff does not think that they work actively preventive against alcohol and narcotics. On the other hand, the staff at the youth centers points out that just keeping the youths in the neighbourhood and making them involved in the activities at the youth center, is preventary work. The staff at the social services points out that it is not the facilities that is part of the preventive work but the activities and the skill of the staff that is improtant for the youths..

Bakgrund: Psykisk ohälsa hos barn är ett växande folkhälsoproblem. Att upptäcka och sätta in insatser för att förebygga psykisk ohälsa hos barn är ett av barnhälsovårdens mål. Föräldrastödsmetoder för att förebygga psykisk ohälsa är en insats på folkhälsoområdet som lämpar sig väl för ett evidensbaserat förhållningssätt. Familjen är en av de viktigaste faktorerna för att förebygga utvecklingen av psykisk ohälsa hos barn. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa effekten avmanualbaserade föräldrastödsmetoder för prevention av psykisk ohälsa hos barn.Metod: Strukturerad litteraturstudie baserad på 15 vetenskapliga artiklar.

Syftet med föreliggande studien var att undersöka om sjuksköterskors egna rökvanor påverkar attityden till tobakspreventivt arbete på sjukhuset, både till tobakspreventivt arbete med patienterna och attityden till rökfritt sjukhus. Studien är empirisk och utfördes genom kvalitativa intervjuer med sex sjuksköterskor på en vårdavdelning på ett sjukhus i södra Sverige. Data från intervjuerna analyserades och resulterade i sju olika teman: Preventiva rollen, Kunskap om prevention, Vem skall leda det preventiva arbetet, Rökkontroll, Utbildningsnivå och rökning, Sjuksköterskan, en förebild?, Vem ska hjälpa patienten vid rökstopp på sjukhuset?, Är det någon skillnad mellan icke rökande och rökande vad avser rökpreventionen?. Den preventiva rollen hamnade i fokus och skillnader fanns mellan rökande och icke rökande sjuksköterskor både vad gäller preventivt omvårdnasarbete och kontroll.

How do the police prevention methods work against juvenile delinquency? The purpose of this study is to see how the police work to prevent juvenile delinquency in two municipalities in Stockholm, Södertälje and Sundbyberg. Additionally, the purpose of this study is also to find out if there are any similarities or differences between the police methods the police use in these two municipalities. We have used qualitative method in which we have interviewed the police and young people from the communities. We interviewed young people to see their attitudes to the police and the area to find their perception of police work in the fields as well as the police forces attitude toward the young people.

These days, schools are obliged by the law to prepare an annual plan for the prevention of bullying and degrading treatment. The purpose of my work is to investigate the 2 schools efforts to prevent bullying and abuse and how they live up to legal standards. But I have also examined how students in school are experiencing anti-bullying work in their school. I have also examined how much funding schools put on to prevent bullying I school. In this study, I have done interviews with school principals and students to have a clear picture about the school?s anti-bullying work.