Studien syftade till att undersöka hur läsförmågan, med avseende på avkodning av enstaka ord samt läsning av sammanhängande text, hos sex elever med avkodningssvårigheter, påverkades av en åtta veckor lång intervention med träningsprogrammet BRAVKOD, samt hur eleverna upplevde arbetet med metoden. Studien genomfördes som en intervention med för- och eftertest samt med hjälp av en enkät och ett efterföljande samtal. Testresultaten behandlades kvantitativt och enkäterna med de tillhörande samtalen utgjorde ett kvalitativt komplement till testresultaten.På de tester som avsåg att mäta avkodningsförmåga av enstaka ord förbättrades interventionsgruppens resultat mer än kontrollgruppens på samtliga test utom ett. Störst förbättring kunde ses på avkodningshastigheten, medan korrektheten var svårare att påverka. Den del av studien som handlade om att undersöka läsflyt, visade inga framsteg för interventionsgruppen i jämförelse med kontrollgruppen.

Hälsofrämjande arbete syftar till en hälsosammare livsstil för individen. En förutsättning för att uppnå det är att individen är motiverad. Motivation definieras som ?de faktorer hos individen som väcker, formar, och riktar beteendet mot olika mål?. Våren 2012 utfördes ett projekt vid namn ?Aktiva studenter 2012? som syftade till att få inaktiva studenter vid Luleå tekniska universitet mer aktiva och hälsosamma.

In 2007 the Prevention Unit at Södermalm in Stockholm started a group activity for parents and children. The group activity?s intention is to offer families support in their early interaction. This study is a part of providing knowledge about this intervention. The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the stories which are produced by five participants in a support group for parents and children.

The aim of the study was to evaluate parents and course directors?experiences of the AKKTIV ComAlong-course (Augmentative and AlternativeCommunication ? Early Intervention). ComAlong targets parents of pre-schoolchildren with extensive communication difficulties and aims to give parentsknowledge about different aspects of communication, communication developmentand AAC. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Individualinterviews and pair-interviews with totally nine persons were performed and 54course questionnaires filled in by parents were evaluated.

The aim of this thesis is to examine the theoretical developments on social entrepreneurship. Our purpose is to create a better understanding of the phenomenon leading to new insights. We have categorized the knowledge of the concept into social economy, social ownership, social innovation and social missions. Drawing from our theoretical review we have chosen four empirical illustrations, Grameen Bank, Wikipedia, Basta Arbetskooperativ, Jörn Hälsogemenskap, and we have shown how these fit into the general description of the social entrepreneur. With help of our illustrations we show that it is complicated to pin point the core of social entrepreneurship as they each have separate structures, innovations, social missions and operate close to different sectors.

Background: Traditional oral health education is seldom enough in order for dental care personnel to motivate their patients to good, long-lasting oral health care habits and there is a need for evaluation of other more efficient methods. One of these methods is motivational interviewing. An overview of its origin, definition, theoretical background and practical methods is given by way of introduction. Aim: The aim of the investigation was to review studies that had used motivational interviewing in order to obtain oral health, focusing on prevention and treatment of gingivitis, periodontitis and dental caries. Method: Systematic review. A search question was run through the databases ASSIA, ERIC, PsycINFO, Social Services Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts and PubMed. The articles were reviewed based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Five publications (based on three studies) met the inclusion criteria.

This study aims to make out, which notions and ideas about gender and sexuality that comes into expression in the description of the deviant youth. This study is a narrative analysis, based on a queer theoretical approach. The queer theory directs attention to the normative frameworks on gender and sexuality. Queer theory also illustrates the relationship between the normative and what is considered abnormal/deviant. The study's empirical basis is 8 legal texts, legal documents formed in a Swedish context, which include the welfare state´s judiciary and social services.

The purpose of the study was to examine if parents' way ofcommunicating with their children changed after participation in ComAlongcommunicationcourse, and if changes remained over time. The studyinvolved 39 parents of 25 children with communicative disabilities. 33 of theparents had participated in ComAlong, the other six had not participated, buthad a partner who had participated in the course. Video recorded parentchildinteraction was analyzed and coded with the instrumentKOMMUNIKATIV. Results showed that parents used a significantly moreresponsive communication style and used significantly more augmentativeand alternative communication after ComAlong.

En empirisk studie på två slutna avdelningar på UMAS. Sex sjuksköterskor har blivit intervjuade. Svaret presenteras i fyra olika teman..

Studien syftar undersöka om den intervention som Vin- och Sprithistoriska Museet i Stockholm anordnar; rollspelet ?Leka med döden?, har haft effekt på attityder till alkohol i trafik hos ungdomar. Som teoretisk bakgrund har Ajzens (1991) ?Theory of Planned Behaviour? används. Enligt teorin påverkar tre faktorer; attityd, subjektiv norm och beteendekontroll, individens intention till att utföra ett beteende.

During the last few years the alcohol consumption has increased and is now the highest in 100 years, one usually count that 10 % of the grown up population abuse alcohol and/or drugs and most of them are hidden abusers with families and work. This leads to great costs for the companies. But the much greater cost for the companies are the much larger group of risk abusers. According to the Swedish law the employer has a responsibility for the work milieu and also for the rehabilitate for the employed and drug/alcohol abuse applies to this.I have done qualitative interviews on four companies in the south of Sweden with one representa-tive for the management and one representative for the union. I have investigated their attitudes to alcohol and drugs and how they describe the alcohol culture at the company.The companies define alcohol problems when they are established and obvious and when it is dis-covered they put in resources and because of this they don't work preventive so much.

The aim: was to describe and compare a group of experts and critical care nurses' agreement in detecting delirium in intubated, ventilator treated patients with sedation / analgesia, before and after an in house training intervention with the instrument Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU).Method: A quasi-experimental study, one group pretest - posttest design. A convenience sample of 17 critical care nurses in a general intensive care unit included. To detect delirium the instrument CAM-ICU was used, 21 paired tests before and 22 after an educational intervention.Main Results: The results showed that after an in house training intervention sensitivity and kappa coefficient improved of the characteristic 1 "acute onset and fluctuating course," an improvement that was significant. In other features, and overall values were signs of numerical improvement and deterioration in sensitivity, specificity and kappa coefficient but no significant change.Conclusion: Implementing a new instrument for detecting delirium in clinical practice requires education and follow-up. A small sample of critical care nurses with varying ability to use the new instrument and the fact that patients' status may change rapidly making it difficult to draw any conclusions from this study.

Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka lästräningsmaterialet BRAVKODs möjligheter i arbetet med elever i lässvårigheter. Vi ville dels ta reda på hur arbetet fungerar för elever i år 3 och 4 och dels ta reda på hur eleverna uppfattar arbetet med metoden. Som utgångspunkt valdes en kvantitativ ansats i form av en interventionsstudie som genomfördes med 10 elever från två olika skolor. Vi har även genomfört en mindre enkätundersökning med de deltagande eleverna för att ta reda på deras uppfattning om arbetet med BRAVKOD.BRAVKOD syftar till att överinlära och automatisera bokstäver, stavelser och hela ord för att lyfta läsningen till en nivå där läsprocessen hinns med och en förståelse kan uppnås. Det resultat vi fått fram i vår studie tyder på att elever i avkodningssvårigheter skulle kunna gynnas av att träna sina avkodningssvårigheter med hjälp av lästräningsmaterialet BRAVKOD.

AbstractAbout 160 000 persons living inSwedensuffer from some form of dementia. Alzheimer disease is the most common form of dementia and affects mostly people in the age of 65 and older. People with some form of dementia have memory problems and may even have other problems as aphasia and behavioral disorders. This may lead to communication problems and difficulties for the people around them. The number of demented people is increasing; it is therefore important to study methods for communication in order to improve the wellbeing for people with dementia.

The purpose of this essay was to investigate affecting factors concerning social workers in social services assessments with cases of abuse. We wanted to see if social workers in social services tend to make different assessments of the need of substance abusers care. Our survey was carried out as a vignettesurvey with complementary interviews as means to deepen the outcome results.Our survey showed that the included social workers in social services in some senses make different assessments when it comes to choice of effort put in for the client. We shed light on different factors and circumstances, which could bear meaning for the social workers in social services assessments. Examples of factors were the social workers in social services age, gender, working experience and attitude towards substance abusers..