Since the middle of the 1980´s the Swedish bank market has experienced a change concerning structure and pressure of competition. Before the year 1985, the market was characterized as a market with few operators but have changed to a market with many operators and seen as one of the most intense in Europe where the four major banks; Nordea, Handelsbanken, SEB and Föreningssparbanken together have a strong position. Their market share has recently decreased, mostly for the benefit of foreign banks and niche banks. The Swedish market has experienced difficulties in generating profits which mostly depends on new establishments that have increased the pressure on competition, a low growth as well as weakened customer relations. The development has resulted in a growing importance of market segmentation, mainly by the fact that costumers have become more disloyal as a result of the increased competition.Students are a market segment of interest for the financial market, mainly because of the expectations of their positive financial situation in the future.

Title: Female leaders within the bank sector. Level: D-level in Business Author: Emma Roos & Fanny Wiklander Supervisor: Maria Fregidou-Malama Date: 2011 ? January Aim: The aim of this study is to examine which factors are behind the low number of female leaders compared to male leaders within the bank sector. Method: We have adapted a qualitative method. This means that the researcher works close to the object of research and tries to understand it. We believe that this is a suitable method for our study since it?s based on seven personal interviews.

The new accounting standards IFRS and IAS was implemented in January 2005, the purpose was to harmonize accounting standards world wide. As a result of these new rules the real estate companies are allowed to appraise real estates assets at market value. It has long been debated whether this appraisal fulfils the requirements for relevance, reliability and comparability.The paper attends to how banks control the information given by the real estate companies in the process of credit granting. As an introduction we describe the purpose of accounting and the problematic´s about appraisals with market values. Further on there is a discussion on which factors are taken into consideration when banks grant credits.The study is built on interviews at three different commercial banks.

Relationship Marketing - will banks be able to handle higher consumer mobility in the private market?The purpose of this paper is to gain an understanding of the factors that affect customer loyalty to the bank. Consumer mobility will probably increase as a result of political changes and pressures on the private banking market to become more competitive. This study was carried out using semi-structured interviews and were transcribed and analyzed with the help of models and theories centered on relationship marketing. The theories describe loyalty, the customer lifecycle and relationships between customers and organizations.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om det finns några skillnader mellan svenska och amerikanska bankers årsredovisningar när det gäller kapitaltäckningsreglerna. För att kunna undersöka syftet har jag har undersökt fyra svenska bankers och fyra amerikanska bankers öppenhet i respektive årsredovisning. De banker jag använt mig av är Nordea, FöreningsSparbanken, Handelsbanken, Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken, Bank of America, JPMorgan Chase Bank, CitiBank och the Bank of NewYork. Öppenheten i respektive banks årsredovisning undersökte jag genom att göra en innehållsanalys över kapitaltäckningsreglerna. Dessutom har jag gjort en undersökning för att se om det finns något samband mellan öppenheten och bankernas karaktäristiska.

Studies have shown that mergers and acquisitions often fail and that a reason to this might be that investment banks do not take any responsibility for the post merger integration. Despite this there have been no studies of the potential benefits of an investment bank taking a holistic approach to the M&A-process and including post merger integration in its service. This study identifies a couple of investment banks that does this and calls them holistic investment banks. In M&A-theory a successful process is often described according to so called success factors that need to be fulfilled in order to achieve a successful result of the merger or acquisition. The business model and work approach of one holistic investment bank is analyzed in this case study on the base of seven success factors from established theories.

Bakgrund och problem: De finansiella rapporterna för bankerna och dess analysvärde har kommit att ifrågasättas och aktualiseras i samband med finanskrisen. Eftersom bankernas verksamhet blir allt mer komplex, samtidigt som bankerna utgör ett fundament för ett välfungerande samhälle är vikten av att kunna bedöma stabiliteten i en bank högst aktuell. Värderingen av en banks verksamhet och riskerna kopplade till stabilitet är svårare att bedöma i en bank än för ett icke finansiellt företag. Vikten att identifiera de nyckeltal som kan förutspå stabilitet i den enskilda banken och minska bristen på transparens leder till forskningsfrågan: Vilka nyckeltal har ett högt prognosvärde när det gäller att utvärdera huruvida en bank kan anses vara stabil utifrån ett externt perspektiv?Syfte: Det övergripande syftet med uppsatsen är att finna nyckeltal som kan användas för att prognostisera stabiliteten i en bank.Metod: För att uppnå syftet med studien presenteras en litteraturgenomgång som karaktäriserar en stabil bank och riskerna kopplade till verksamheten.

Swedish contract law is based on the main principle of freedom of contract, which means that a contract is built on a voluntary agreement of both parties. There are exceptions from the principle of freedom of contract. In some instances a party is obliged to contract (kontraheringsplikt), which also is the subject for this paper. Kontraheringsplikt can be described as an obligation for one of the parts in a relation to come to an agreement under normal circumstances with everyone who ask for it. The cases of kontraheringsplikt are rather different.

Budgetens vara eller icke vara har under längre perioder varit ett omdiskuterat ämne, och ett flertal artiklar har skirivit om huruvida budget är ett lämpligt styrverktyg eller ej. Å ena sidan har budgeten starkt kritiserats, å andra sidan har flertalet undersökningar mellan 1997-2002 påvisat att budget fortfarande används i stor utsträckning. Hur budgetsitutationen ser ut idag verkar till synes något mindre utforskat.Huvudsyftet med studien har varit att undersöka vad Handelsbanken, Swedbank samt Länsförsäkringar Bank anser om den omtalade budgeten. Dessutom, om det visar sig budgeten fortfarande används, försöka undersöka de bakomliggande orsakerna till detta. För att genomföra studien har personliga intrevjuer med kontorscheferna på respektive bank genomförts.Slutligen kan det konstateras att synen på budget fortafarande är något tudelad.

Dissertation in political science, D-level by Niklas Andersson, Spring Semester 2010. Tutor: Malin Stegmann McCallion?Societies in Crisis ? When Washington Take Over?An economic meltdown wreaks havoc on the world and has plunged the Western world into a spiral of economic stimulus in order to keep their way of life intact. At the same time the same institutions that support these countries have had another agenda for more unfortunate and less influential countries where nothing has been free and everything been to a price of self-sacrifice in order to get the consent of the IMF and the World Bank. Everything according to the points stated in the so called Washington Consensus.The purpose of this dissertation is to research what impact the Washington Consensus has on the state in terms of power over the market and sovereignty.

Sweden is going through big changes within the bank sector. Increasing card usage, decrease of cash acceptance in the society, an attempt to reduce money laundering, and a possible increase in profitability has lead to the rescindment of cash management among three of the four major banks. This has lead to a big debate in the society, a lot of frustration from customers, and a drop in customer satisfaction for every bank that started the process of removing cash management. The purpose of this study is to find out how the banks could keep their customer satisfaction when removing cash management. When doing the study, the rescindment of cash was a deduction of a part of the service, compared to the normal adding or starting of a service. The study was done through a focus group that was the base of a questionnaire that got answered by 125 respondents.

The purpose with this inquiry was to investigate why women do not advance to higher positions of leadership in a bank. I have interviewed five female employees in the company. The theoretical starting points I have used in this study are such as organization theory and leadership. There are four conceptions that obstructs women to develop for higher positions of leadership. There are conceptions that men ought to have better social network with other men than women.

Syftet med undersökningen är att visa på vilka faktorer som påverkar en bankkund till att lämna sin bank. Syftet är också att utifrån de faktorer som tas upp ta reda på vilken som väger tyngst och få en uppfattning om en kunds övervägande i val av bank. Anledningen till det syfte som studien valt är på grund av den konkurrenssituation som bankerna befinner sig i.I den teoretiska referensramen diskuteras det först hur en organisation jobbar med sina kunder. Därefter följer information om kundrelationer och kundtillfredsställelse. Härefter presenteras de faktorer som kan påverka en kund: lojalitet, kundnöjdhet, varumärke, förtroende och åtagande.

During the autumn of 2007 I carried out an investigation within the bank and finance Sector. The aim of the investigation was to see how informal aspects could be understood in relation to equality within Bank AB? The main question was: Which are the obstacles and opportunities for equality within Bank AB? To answer the main question I asked the following questions to the material: Are there any gender related different within the organization? How are men and women represented within the internal magazine? Which are the conceptions related to sex/gender within the organization? The investigation is based on a survey, the internal magazine was investigated and finally interviews took place. Throughout the investigation I used organization theory in a gender perspective. With the gender organization theory I examined concepts as structures, leadership, symbolism and changes associated with equality.

Bakgrund och problem: De finansiella rapporterna för bankerna och dess analysvärde har kommit att ifrågasättas och aktualiseras i samband med finanskrisen. Eftersom bankernas verksamhet blir allt mer komplex, samtidigt som bankerna utgör ett fundament för ett välfungerande samhälle är vikten av att kunna bedöma stabiliteten i en bank högst aktuell. Värderingen av en banks verksamhet och riskerna kopplade till stabilitet är svårare att bedöma i en bank än för ett icke finansiellt företag. Vikten att identifiera de nyckeltal som kan förutspå stabilitet i den enskilda banken och minska bristen på transparens leder till forskningsfrågan: Vilka nyckeltal har ett högt prognosvärde när det gäller att utvärdera huruvida en bank kan anses vara stabil utifrån ett externt perspektiv?Syfte: Det övergripande syftet med uppsatsen är att finna nyckeltal som kan användas för att prognostisera stabiliteten i en bank.Metod: För att uppnå syftet med studien presenteras en litteraturgenomgång som karaktäriserar en stabil bank och riskerna kopplade till verksamheten.