The quest to determine if non-human animals have emotional lives similar to man goes a long way back and is yet to result in a clear answer. The aim of this particular literature study is to determine whether or not the African elephant may host feelings of empathy and display altruistic behaviour. In search for an answer to this question, scientists have chosen to first evaluate the cognitive abilities of said species. They have done this through the testing of tool use, mirror self-recognition, memory and the ability to coordinate with another when performing a task etc. It is generally thought, that in order for complex emotion to exist within an individual, cognition, as an awareness of the self and others, must first be present.

Syftet med denna pilotstudie var att skapa hypoteser om och hur utmattningssyndrom påverkar förmågan att känna igen emotioner i ansiktsuttryck. En grupp patienter med utmattningssyndrom jämfördes med en matchad frisk kontrollgrupp (N=14). Grupperna undersöktes med ett datorbaserat test beståendes av färgbilder av autentiska ansiktsuttryck som gradvis i steg om 10% förändrades från ett neutralt ansiktsuttryck till någon av de fem grundemotionerna ilska, avsky, rädsla, glädje och ledsenhet. Mätningarna gjordes i termer av igenkänningsprecision och responshastighet. Resultatet visade att patientgruppen responderade signifikant långsammare än kontrollgruppen sett över samtliga emotioner i testet.

Syftet med detta examensarbete var att undersöka, utifrån en etnografisk och kvalitativ ståndpunkt, möjligheten till att utöka kunskapen om Situation Awareness (SA). Forskning inom området har länge präglats av ett kvantitativt förhållningssätt vilket anses ha missgynnat och till en viss del hindrat alternativa kvalitativa forsningsansatser för att studera detta intressanta fenomen. Detta arbete försöker, i form av två studier (en litteraturstudie och en fallstudie), bryta trenden av kvalitativ forskning och presentera en annan infallsvinkel för hur SA kan vara organiserat och ett annat förhållningssätt för hur forskning kring SA kan bedrivas. Utgångspunkten för detta försök är teorierna bakom Distributed Cognition (DC), vilka föreslår studien av mänsklig kognition i ett större sammanhang där hjärna, kropp och omgivning bildar ett kognitivt system. Resultatet från litteraturstudien visar på att det finns stöd för användningen av DC då utifrån dessa teorier uppstår möjligheten till att studera andra aspekter och förhållanden kring SA.

The thesis aims at describing how culture is produced and reproduced at IF Friskis&Svettis Stockholm, a Swedish non-profit training association. The authors claim that organizational identity plays a major part in determining ways of action within the organization. Selection processes, programming and internal recruitment and sensemaking are essential issues of the cultural production and reproduction..

Syftet med denna studie var att få bättre förståelse för hur datoranvändare organiserar filer och att få ökad förståelse för vilka vägar datoranvändare väljer för att komma åt filer i ett datorsystem designat efter skrivbordsmetaforen. Resultatet tolkas utifrån aktivitetsteori och distribuerad kognition samt tidigare forskning. Halvstrukturerade intervjuer gjordes med 18 datoranvändare i den ordinarie arbetsmiljön. Utöver att svara på frågor fick de också visa och förklara hur de organiserat sina filer samt hur de gick tillväga när de använde dem.Resultatet pekar på en betydande ökning i användning av datorns skrivbord jämfört med tidigare studier. Två typer av lagrad information kunde identifieras, temporär och långvarig.

In this essay I present an outline and examination of the Finnish Luther research, withan aim to learn more about some different aspects of Luther?s teaching on justificationas sanctification, and sanctification as the growth of the new man. I will also draw myattention to the formal language of metaphysics, as it is continuously employed by Luther to depict the issues and the content of his reformation theology. Apart from the program of research in Helsinki, I have turned to the writings of Luther himself; and I have as well tried to engage in a broader survey of Luther-scholars, some of which seem to, or in fact, support the Finnish interpretation, others which raise a critical stance towards it. The later portion of the essay picks up on the Finnish critique of dominant 19th and 20th century German Lutheran theologians, such as Albrecht Ritschl and Gerhard Ebeling.

Technology has grown rapidly in recent years. At present, almost all social interaction are through computers and telephones. It is, however, not everyone who can manage these media. This applies mostly to elderly people who have not kept pace with technological developments. A major contributing reason is that the manuals are usually bulky and too technical for this group.The purpose of this paper is to develop a concept/prototype into a product that will facilitate the use of mobile phones for seniors.

The objective for this Master?s thesis is to study literary programs for infants at six Swedish public libraries, their relevance and importance for infants and how the infant?s perspective in the program design and implementation is taken into consideration. The questions I pose are: In which way do the programs take the infants need for development and their literary prerequisites into consideration? Which functions can the programs have for infants? I have used a qualitative method, based on deep interviews with six library staff, working with literary programs. A model was developed based upon Daniel Stern?s theories of the interpersonal world of the infant together with Joseph Appleyard?s reading development theory.

In recent decades here has been a huge development in information technology (IT), where we humans are increasingly using IT in our daily lives, ranging from social media to music streaming services; this has also been a reflection of the technologies developed to our cars. Infotainment systems have become an increasingly regular feature in modern cars where the high degree of integration such as navigation, mobile and Internet has become more common and more sought after. Despite this, relatively little research problemized User Experience of a complex infotainment system in a car. This study thus has the intention to consider the relevance of reality based tests by examining how the user experiences a complex infotainment system in a car. We asked ourselves; How do the user experience a complex infotainment system in a car? We conducted our qualitative study, an interview with researchers in the field of vehicle and road safety and designed a number of system-related activities in a test session where we observed three users.

What is it that makes an audience love a character? Through comparative analysis and anevolutionary perspective, I have examined the relationship between the viewer ? the human ?and three popular characters: Shakespeare?s Bottom and Puck from A Midsummer Night?sDream and Dag-Otto Flink, the most popular character from Vallarnas friluftsteater inFalkenberg, Sweden. In what way do they attract us? Why do they attract us? The aim of thecomparative analysis between the characters was to reveal enough similarities for defining allthree as the same character type: the fool. One of the most important similarities for theevolutionary discussion was that especially Dag-Otto and Bottom are consistently themselves.Furthermore, the Darwinian perspective, especially with theories of Daniel Nettle, indicatesthat there are several factors that come into play for successive fiction.

I denna uppsats har DiCoT (Distributed Cognition for Teamwork) tillämpats i ett tjänstedesignprojekt med syftet att ta fram en webbaserad kursdatabas på ett universitet. Uppsatsen består av tillämpningen av DiCoT i projektet, där datainsamlingen bestod av intervjuer med berörda intressenter. Detta resulterade i en nulägesanalys av tjänstens utformning. Utifrån visualiseringarna av DiCoT:s tre modeller (fysiska rummet, informationsflödet och nyckelartefakter) gavs förslag på hur kursdatabasen kan presentera information. Resultaten återkopplades med intressenter ur projektgruppen.

The aim of this thesis is to examine the theoretical developments on social entrepreneurship. Our purpose is to create a better understanding of the phenomenon leading to new insights. We have categorized the knowledge of the concept into social economy, social ownership, social innovation and social missions. Drawing from our theoretical review we have chosen four empirical illustrations, Grameen Bank, Wikipedia, Basta Arbetskooperativ, Jörn Hälsogemenskap, and we have shown how these fit into the general description of the social entrepreneur. With help of our illustrations we show that it is complicated to pin point the core of social entrepreneurship as they each have separate structures, innovations, social missions and operate close to different sectors.

The purpose of this essay was to investigate affecting factors concerning social workers in social services assessments with cases of abuse. We wanted to see if social workers in social services tend to make different assessments of the need of substance abusers care. Our survey was carried out as a vignettesurvey with complementary interviews as means to deepen the outcome results.Our survey showed that the included social workers in social services in some senses make different assessments when it comes to choice of effort put in for the client. We shed light on different factors and circumstances, which could bear meaning for the social workers in social services assessments. Examples of factors were the social workers in social services age, gender, working experience and attitude towards substance abusers..

Abstract This essay will present actual research around the concept of Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder, how it can reveal itself in school children and how it can influence young people?s learning ability and capacity to retain knowledge.The purpose is, above all, to clearly diagnose PTSD so that children with this complex of problems can receive good possibilities in learning and understanding.The question at hand is responded to by interviewees with an expertise on the subject and one ?story?, collectively with literary studies.The results illustrate that there can be neurological and biological, as well as social explanations for PTSD but it is seldom a permanent diagnosis. It is though something to take very seriously. PTSD can lead to severe psychobiological consequences, mostly by causing damage in one particular part of the brain, known as hippocampus. The hippocampus is essential in terms of memory and concentration.

Social work is a social phenomenon, existing in most societies, that has given rise to a multitude of special organizations and professions. For that reason social work is dealing with a complex identity. The purpose of this study is to illustrate how social workers and the scientific discourse interpret the concept of social work. In addition to that the study intends to show similarities and differencies. The research process containes two studies, one based on qualitative interviews with five social workers and the other consisting a surway of academic litterature.