During the last few years the countries in the African continent have experienced an enormous increase in female politicians on a national level. Rwanda is even the country with the highest number of female politicians in its parliament in the world. Despite this development in Africa, the quantitative research on women's political representation in the world has not yet paid attention to the Situation there. Some of the surveys that have been done have even excluded countries that do not fit the homogeneous pattern ? which is precisely the problem with African countries ? for it to be possible to explain the Situation with existing theories.The intention of this paper is therefore to, with all of the 53 African countries included in the study, examine whether the already existing explanatory factors regarding women's political representation also can be applied to an African context to explain the Situation there.

Ett missfall är en stor och omtumlande händelse i en kvinnas liv. Under denna tid har vårdgivaren stor betydelse i hur kvinnan klara sin Situation och för att kunna gå vidare. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av stöd vid missfall. Detta kan hjälpa sjuksköterskor att förstå kvinnan bättre i hennes Situation vid missfall.  Metoden var en litteraturöversikt enligt Friberg (2006). Materialet som använts för att få fram översikten är nio stycken vetenskapliga artiklar.

Death is the only experience we know we will come across in our lives. Yet it is so difficult to speak about death and the sorrow before and after death occurs. The aim of this literature study was to find out how as a general nurse one can help relatives to handle their Situation in mourning. The question was: How does the nurse feel when confronted with mourning relatives? What measures and caring should the nurse take to alleviate the handling of the relatives in mourning? After scrutiny and critical analysis of ten scientific papers, some common denominators have remained.

Girls in honour cultures have been the subject of many studies and are often debated in the media. The purpose with this study was to focus on boys in honour cultures. I wanted to understand the Situation of boys in honour cultures with a perspective of the rights of children. My central questions were: How is it to be a boy in honour cultures? Are boys in honour cultures exposed? How are they exposed? My study was a qualitative study in which I interviewed four professionals who meet boys in honour cultures in their work.

I hela världen är fetma ett ökande problem bland barn och tonåringar. Det är därför viktigt för allmänheten såväl som vårdpersonal att få kännedom om hur de som är feta upplever sin Situation för att kunna erbjuda rätt stöd och hjälp samt att kunna bemöta dem på rätt sätt. Syftet med studien var att beskriva barn och tonåringars upplevelser av att leva med fetma. Metoden är en litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats, som baseras på 10 vetenskapliga artiklar. I resultatet framkom att barn och tonåringar får utstå kränkning av kamrater, familjemedlemmar och okända personer.

En automatiserad beställningsprocess resulterar i olika effekter för detaljisten och beror till stor del på vilken grad av automatisering som uppnåtts och den rådande Situationen. Automatiseringen ställer höga krav på ett korrekt lagersaldo, där återförsäljaren har svårigheter med svinn, stölder och egen förbrukning, som inte registreras. Dessa svårigheter tror vi i stor grad påverkar effekterna i automatiseringen. Teorierna har oftast en optimal Situation som grund i sina beskrivningar av effekterna, men vi tror att dessa effekter är olika påtagliga beroende på graden av automatisering och rådande Situation..

The purpose of this study was to examine how school counselors in a specific municipalityviewed their work Situation, if they experienced stress and how they would handle that stress.Five school counselors out of eight in the specific municipality participated in qualitativeinterviews where they could describe their feelings and thoughts. Their experiences wasexamined and analyzed with the theories of coping and empowerment. The results showedthat there were unhealthy levels of stress in the profession amongst the five counselors. It alsoshowed that the uttermost reason for the experienced unhealthy stress was the feeling of notbeing able to give as much time and help to the pupils as they want and need. The reason forthis was that an increasing number of pupils were, and are, experiencing unhappiness and arein need of seeing the school counselor.

The purpose of this study was to examine and evaluate an assembly station at Kalmar Industries in respect to ergonomics. The study was to result in an improved assembly station with lower risk of work- related injuries. It was the study group?s expectation that the measures taken at the assembly station can function as guidance and an inspiration for other ergonomic improvements at the company. Several goals related to the purpose were established as guidance for the study.The mechanic?s work Situation was mapped through a series of methods.

This essay examines the epideictic genre by using qualitative method to analyze acceptance speeches from the Swedish Grammy awards. These speeches and their speakers are often described as rhetorically mediocre and there seems to be a notion within the music community that an acceptance speech is personal and without deeper meaning. From a functionalistic perspective on genre, these speeches can be seen as working together with other genres that carry information about the winners. Why would skilled performers who know how to entertain an audience choose to repeat rhetorical mistakes? This essay uses different perspectives on rhetorical Situation and genre as well as multimodal analysis of verbal- and nonverbal communication, to argue that these particular speeches in this particular Situation come with their own set of expectations and values that the speakers have to acknowledge if they are to meet the epideictic purpose: To unite the audience around common values and create an enjoyable collective memory.

This essay is a selective review of Nordic literature with the aim to explore contemporary conceptions of male-on-female rape, to increase the understanding of how these can construct ?a real rape?. To achieve this two questions were formulated: What circumstances can cause an incident not to be defined as rape? What circumstances can cause an incident to be defined as rape? Searches in international and Swedish databases led to initial selection of peer-review journal articles and dissertations that were reviewed against set criteria. These criteria were met by 8 studies, that were assigned codes, from which comprehensive categories were developed.

The purpose with the study is to see how middle managers in communal elderly care looks at the implementation of the salutogenic way of working in their operations. And how it affects the middle managers working Situation. We studied which scope of actions middle managers has in the salutogenic way of working. We had previous knowledge that the salutogenic working way is an ongoing work of development in several communes, and therefore we chose to study in a profound way how this work of development affects the middle managers working Situation. To reach a deeper knowledge about how the salutogenic way of working affects the middle managers working Situation we conducted a qualitative study with been seven semi-structured interviews with middle managers in different geographical communes.

In a Situation with dying patients it can be difficult for a nurse to know how to act..

Studiens syfte var att underso?ka om fo?rutsa?ttningar fo?r empati i form av personlig disposition och aktuell Situation samverkar med empatiska processer fo?r att ge ett emotionellt utfall.Blivande behandlare (n=90) och specialpedagoger / specialla?rare (n=50) fick se filmer och besvara fra?geformula?r baserade pa? IRI och MACL. Stiganalys gjordes med hja?lp av SEM i SPSS/AMOS. Resultaten visade att empatisk disposition och empatiska processer tillsammans predicerar medka?nsla.

The purpose of this study was principally to illuminate and describe how the alteration in law (1994:137) about the reception of asylum seekers and others has been implemented at some different authorities in Sweden, according to separated children; children who have fled to Sweden without their parents or other adult guardians. Beside this I want to, as a part, describe how the child perspective looks like at the authorities. The study refers to illuminate and describe the first time for the separated children in Sweden, which means from the arrival and about one year ahead. Qualitative interviews have been used as a method to especially investigate how the subjects of my interview understand their commission according to the separated children, how the practice Situation looks like for and according to the separated children in relation to existing laws and instructions and finally how my subjects of interview think about the above mentioned alteration in law (1994:137), which means distribution of responsibility between Swedish authorities.My study showed that there were implementation problems according to the alteration in law (1994:137). The intentions to make it better for the separated children through the law alteration don't work in a good or satisfying way in the practice Situation..

Female genital mutilation is an ancient custom, practiced mainly in African countries. For several years, Africans has immigrated to Sweden and many of the women are genitally mutilated or circumcised. The aim of this study was to bring some clarity to the attitudes and experiences regarding female genital mutilation among those who are affected. Articles for this literature review were searched for in international databases, and in the university library database. The outcome of this study shows that health care staff is in need of greater knowledge about this custom, in order to be able to handle the Situation appropriately.