There is convincing research which shows that the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP) has a central role in the mineralization of bone, more precisely that its catalytic activity is needed in the process. ALP is found on the surface of matrix vesicles where the mineral is formed. One theory about the function of the enzyme is that it binds to fibrous collagen in the bone and thereby incorporating the mineral into the bone. The purpose of this study is to establish whether ALP binds to collagen. If this is the case, more elaborate studies around this will be performed.

The purpose of this paper is to make an analysis of the urban Roman water system. I have chosen to work with the system as a general field, not as a case study of a single town. In my opinion such a study would not give a proper and fair view of the subject. Therefore, this paper will discuss the different parts of the system, each one for itself and name examples wherever possible, to give a wide survey of the reality of the Roman water supply system. The aim is to give the reader a clear picture of different solutions used in the time of the early Roman Empire and a good understanding of the subject..

Background: Good health at community and individual levels are key policy priorities. These priorities can be shown through supporting parents about various different healthy lifestyle choices. In order to know where interventions are needed, it is of interest to study how parents generally feel and how they perceive their parenting.Aim: To study how parents rate their own health and parenting skills, and examine whether there is any correlation between perceived general health and perceived parental competence.  Further, this study will show whether there is a correlation between rate of perceived general health and rate of perceived parental competence when it comes to gender.Method: 64 questionnaires were collected at strategic open kindergartens in the municipality of Uppsala. The questionnaires were distributed to the parents present and who chose to participate in this study.Main result: The result of this study shows that parents have a high rate of general health.

I det här arbetet har algoritmen Simulated Annealing undersökts med avseende på dess möjlig att användas för att minimera av kostnaden för ett singelfrekvensnät för digital tv. Undersökningen är gjord genom att simulera ett antal testfall för att utreda hur olika ingående optimeringsparametrar inverkar på slutresultatet. Alla försök har genomförts i ett egenkonstruerat simuleringsverktyg, gjort i Matlab. En jämförelse av resultaten för två olika sätt att hantera täckningskraven har också gjorts, Simulated Annealing med- respektive utan straff metod. Alla genomförda försök har genererat en betydande kostnadssänkning jämfört med startkonfigurationen.

I Sverige är det fortfarande en ojämn fördelning av uttaget av föräldradagar hos nyblivna föräldrar där mammorna tar ut den största delen.  Syfte:. Att undersöka hur föräldrar resonerar kring föräldraledighet, hur de väljer att fördela dagarna, vilka är anledningen till det och vad skulle få dem att resonera annorlunda. Metod: En explorativ studie med kvalitativ ansats. 12 semi-strukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med sex föräldrapar i åldern 25-42år som fått barn de senasta två åren, föräldrarna intervjuades enskilt.

Bakgrund: Graviditet och tidigt moderskap är perioder då kvinnor aktivt söker ny kunskap.Tillgången till hälsorelaterad information är enorm men kvaliteten på innehållet varierarmellan olika källor. För att kunna göra informerade val i hälsofrågor behöver mödrarevidensbaserad information, och det är en barnmorskas ansvar att kunna guida dem tillhögkvalitativa källor. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att kartlägga nyblivna mödrarsinformationssökning samt att undersöka om det finns samband mellan informationssökning ocholika sociodemografiska bakgrundsvariabler. Metod: Undersökningen baserades på delar av enpilotstudie inför ett större europeiskt projekt och data från 137 enkäter till nyblivna mödraranalyserades. Resultat: De mest använda informationskällorna bland mödrarna varbarnavårdscentral och vårdsidor på Internet, således källor som tillhandahåller evidensbaseradinformation.

Today there are many different Cad-applications on the market for engineers. Because of big building projects it has become more and more important to work with the same application or to have access to a neutral file type to be able to transfer files between different ones.This report studies the single objects and how they react when transferring them between ADT and ArchiCAD via the neutral type IFC. We have also been looking at problems during the transfer between and if there are some connections between these problems. Afterwards we created a neutral object model of a small country house to see if the objects appeared different. The result shows no differences.But looking at the problems that appeared during the transmissions they felt small and no logical.Today it is not possible to save in a neutral type without facing small problems.

Syfte och frågeställningarSyftet med studien var att undersöka effekten av en kortisoninjektion i bäckenligamenten på patienter med långvarig ländryggssmärta.MetodStudien genomfördes utifrån en single-subject experimental design med sex deltagare med långvarig ländryggssmärta. De utfallsmått som användes var smärtskattning (Numerical Rating Scale, NRS), skattad smärtrelaterad aktivitetsbegränsning (Oswestry Disability Index, ODI), skattad rörelserädsla (Tampa scale of kinesiophobia, TSK-SV), rörlighet (Fingertip-to-floor), funktion genom ett dynamiskt balanstest (Star excursion balance test, SEBT), funktionstest (sit-to-stand) och uthållighetsstyrketest (modifierat Biering- Sørensen), samt fysisk aktivitetsnivå mätt med accelerometermätare. Deltagarna genomförde fem testtillfällen innan och fem eller sex testtillfällen efter intervention. Vid sista besöket skattade deltagarna förändring av besvär enligt global index of change. Resultaten analyserades på individnivå genom visuell analys av trender och nivåskillnader i grafer, statistisk analys av graferna genom 2 SD-metoden, i kombination med deltagarnas subjektiva beskrivningar av eventuell förändring.

This study investigates the relationship strategies the group Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification holder has with the forest owners. The (FSC) standard enables an organization to manage a group of forest management units under a single certificate, a process referred to as group certification. Some certificate holders want a close relationship with the forest owner before they are offered to become part of their certificate. Other certificate holders have less strict demands on a close relationship with the forest owner before they are offered to become part of their certificate. The study shows that it is in many ways desirable to have a close relationship between forest owner and group certification holder..

Mothers of small children often work part-time in Sweden. Since old age pensions are based on lifetime income, part-time work leads to lower pensions, as long as there is no compensation from non-actuarial benefits such as minimum pensions. In this paper, I investigate whether different components of the Swedish pension system provide incentives for part-time work among women. The analysis is performed through a simulation of future pensions for 9 typical women in a certain cohort. For three levels of education, I compare pensions of women with different labor market participation rates in different growth scenarios.

Today, equine breeding is based on performance and conformation, resulting in a vast variation in fertility among different horses, with noticeable economic losses as a consequence. The horse breeding industry is therefore in need of methods that diagnose the spermatozoa concerning their quality and provide the best sperm for AI. The commonly used selection methods for sperm today are: centrifugation, where extender is added, the sample is centrifuged and then resuspended; swim-up self-migration; adherence separation; and density gradient centrifugation. However, none of these methods are in used routinely in practice before inseminating mares with fresh or cooled semen. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new selection method, Single Layer Centrifugation (SLC), and its effect on sperm viability. The viability was analyzed with regard to membrane integrity and membrane stability of ejaculated spermatozoa.

This work is meant to contribute to the research of adaptation studies by focusing on a special case: the transformation of a fictional diary into a movie. In order to sustain the form of the literary source the adaptation to movie requires certain strategies. Först of all, the diary genre is characterized by a one-dimensional narration. Second, diaries only supply a few written dialogues, hence this "void" has to be compensated and filled by media specific measures. Third, the investigated diary is a story of individualization and emancipation of a single woman.

I have been studied Microsoft SharePoint on behalf of Prevas in Karlstad.The purpose of my work was to see if Microsoft SharePoint was what Prevas wanted as a replacement for the existing intranet, which they are not satisfied with today.My work was a kind of foundation for Prevas so they could make a decision in this matter.The work began with installing SharePoint at one single server at Prevas. We used a virtual technology (VMware) at the installation, which can be described as that we created two ?miniservers? in a bigger server, one for SharePoint and the other for storing the information. This kind of technology is strongly advancing. The main work consisted of setting up the structure for the navigation and designing both the portal and the local homepage for Prevas Karlstad.

SAMMANFATTNINGBröstcancer är något som kvinnor i alla åldrar kan drabbas av. År 2011 insjuknade 8382 personer i hela Sverige. Bakgrunden: Det är männen som finns där för att stötta kvinnorna men även finnas där för barnen och ge trygghet. Barnen upplever en oro över att mista deras moder. Problem: Det är av största vikt att beskriva hur det är att drabbas av bröstcancer och samtidigt vara mor till minderåriga barn då detta kan medföra en komplex livssituation.

To build high-rise buildings made of timber has for long been limited by national laws, due to the lack of knowledge in engineering solutions. Frame structures made of wood has for a long time been associated with major fire hazards and consequently lower safety and this connection is still being made today. The increased environmental awareness in recent years has contributed to the exploitation of indigenous building materials, including wood from our own Swedish forests and has become increasingly common. Increased knowledge about how structures behave in fire and how they can be protected in order to achieve safe timber structures has resulted in a growing interest in these structures in the construction industry. Research in the area is constantly updated and new laws allow any number of storeys in wooden buildings in Sweden as long as the performance requirements are fulfilled.The main part of this work has involved calculations of the fire resistance and load bearing capacity of floor and wall constructions.