The Swedish population is today exposed to more ads than ever. The number of advertising channels is growing, as well as the number of companies and their advertising expenses. As the products are becoming more alike, the harder it gets for the companies to convince the consumers their product is better than their competitors?. In order to succeed they need to understand what they communicate to the consumers through their different marketing activities, and how that affects the consumers? view of the brand and the product.

This report deals with RFID systems and how to detect nearby tags with the Mifare standard using only a microcontroller and an antenna circuit.The aim was to investigate whether there was any possibility to continuously search for a nearby tag for a system operated with batteries without compromising   the lifespan of the battery. At this time the system would take too long time to wake up and look for a tag to give a satisfactory battery lifespan, which should be done a couple of times every second.The report has two issues, namely:Is it possible to direct the microprocessor to detect and identify a nearby tag after the Mifare standard?What hardware is required for this to be possible?As the research method to provide answers to the above questions an action research was used. This approach has meant that the group worked on information retrieval, examined existing solutions, tested their own solutions and documented the results.The group examined an existing solution that can search for nearby tags with minimal energy consumption. An antenna circuit was built that was connected to the processor.

Birch is the dominant deciduous tree species in Sweden but only 16 % is found in pure birch stands. The majority of the birch (51 %) is to be found in conifer dominated stands. Swedish forest land comprises approximately of 23 % mixed stands and one problem is that for mixed stands there are few management recommendations. The underlying aim of this thesis was to study the management of mixed forest stands of spruce and birch to achieve good timber quality of birch. The study was based on a literature study and measurement in a field experiment launched in 1998 by the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU).

Feline Odontoclastic Resorptive Lesions (FORL) is a painful disease that affects feline teeth and that is increasing in prevalence. The ethiology is still rather unknown. However, research on the ultra structure of the feline tooth may help us understand why FORL is so prevalent in cats and not in other species. Since the ethiology is still unknown, there is yet no profylaxis. The pathogenesis is rather well known; the hard structure of affected teeth gradually undergo odontoclastic resorption and resorptive lesions are often partly replaced with bone- or cementum-like tissue.

The idea of using algae in different areas and exploring its possibilities is nothing new. Already in the early 1950s microalgae was explored as a possible food resource because of its high protein content. Lately there has been an increased interest in its potential for industrial use. Wastewater treatment is a possible use of algae since the algae grow well on the nutrients present in the water. This offers the possibility to grow algae for nutrient reduction and use the biomass for energy or animal feed since many alga species has a good nutritional value. Approximately 800-1000 m3 water is applied per 1000 m2 of greenhouse area during one season in a tomato production.

Syndecan-1 is a cell surface proteoglycan which participates in cell adhesion, differentiation, motility, morphogenesis and intracellular signaling. The two glycosaminoglycans heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate are covalently attached to the ectodomain of syndecan-1 via a tetra saccharide linkage sequence. However, the ectodomain can be modified having only one or neither of the glycosaminglycans attached. The glycosaminoglycans are capable of binding ligands such as fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and support activation of receptors. The ectodomain is proteolytically cleaved from the cell surface by metalloproteinases in a process known as shedding.

Teenagers are the group that spends most money on clothing. When choosing clothes, the so called internal and external signals could affect the perceived quality of the teenagers. The external signals are for example price, brand and place of purchase while the internal signals are the physical composition of the product as for example garment and size. The perceived quality is the attributes that the teenagers perceive that the specific article of clothing has. Today?s marketing, within the fashion line, is mostly to present the design of the product and aim the marketing for curtain segments and to keep a distance to others that are not within the segment group.

The landscape in the interior of Norrland has undergone dramatic changes since the deglaciation as a consequence of faultings, earthquakes and tilting of the landscape westwards. Archaeological investigations along former shorelines by the use of models of isostatic land uplift, have revealed many Mesolitic settlements in northern Sweden. Döudden, in the county of Arjeplog, has been investigated by archaeologists that identified settlements from 5200 BC. The objective of this study was to analyse the history of the vegetation and if the vegetation showed traces of human activity during early Holocene, by pollen analysis. The results indicate that the area had an established vegetation c.

Det har gjorts mycket forskning kring Positioneringssystem för inomhusbruk då många applikationer och tjänster ärberoende eller kan förbättras av det. Trots detta finns idag ingen standard för hur positionering inomhus ska fungera.För de flesta utomhusmiljöer kan en modern mobiltelefons position erhållas med ett par meters precision via GPS. I eninomhusmiljö sjunker signalen drastiskt och en precis position är svår att uppskatta. En väl etablerad teknik är Wi-Fioch kan med fördel användas då de flesta inomhusmiljöer idag redan har Wi-Fi accesspunkter installerade. Då enmottagare erhåller en signal från en accesspunkt kan distansen dem emellan uppskattas för att sedan uppskattapositionen med den matematiska tillämpningen trilateration.

Eutrophication has been a problem in aquatic systems for a long time. It is well known that the key nutrient to control the eutrophication process is phosphorus. Lately, it has been possible to reverse the process and recover lakes from eutrophication.During a long time Lake Näsnaren in Katrineholms kommun, Södermanland, has been exposed of a large amount of phosphorus from the city's wastewater. The lake has a great value as a habitat of rare species but also a high recreation value for people living in Katrineholm and Södermanland. Lake Näsnaren is situated in a Natura 2000 area.

The relationship between the pet and it's owner is a very important and interesting issue. Unfortunately there is not so much research on this and in addition to that Swedish veterinarian education does not put much emphasis on pet's role in society or their pattern of behaviour nor treatment. This thesis is based on an opinion poll that 20 dog owners and 20 cat owners contributed. The main purpose of the thesis was to compare the relationships that the pet (dog or cat) and its owner can have. The issues such as the pet owner's attitude to his/her pet, how the pet owner percieves and interprets the signals from the animal, and what they think about the natural behaviours and needs that their pets (might) have. The results show that dog- and cat owners are people who generally love animals, that they used to have even other animal species in the past, but when it comes to choice between a new dog or a new cat they choose the one that they previously have had and that they are used to. Most of a dog owners choose the dog to be their pet because of the company while the majority of a cat owners choose cat because cats are independent and they are used to cats.

Until recently, the art market has expanded for several consecutive years. The primary art market is characterized by an unclear pricing mechanism and an infinite as well as limited supply. Previous business studies have so far primarily focused either on art as an investment or on the gallery?s activities. This thesis takes an explorative approach and aims to shed a light on the art collector?s behavior on the Swedish market for contemporary art.

Recurrent Airway Obstruction, RAO, är en icke infektiös luftvägssjukdom hos häst. Sjukdomen karaktäriseras av perioder med reversibel luftvägsobstruktion och inflammation orsakad av bronkospasm och ansamling av mucus och neutrofiler i luftvägarna. Sjukdomsorsaken anses vara multifaktoriell med ett samspel mellan dålig miljö och en viss genetisk predisposition. Den immunologiska bakgrunden till sjukdomen är fortfarande oklar men både den förvärvade och medfödda immuniteten anses delta i luftvägsinflammationen. Toll-lika receptorer, TLR, hör till de viktigaste receptorerna i den medfödda immuniteten.

Denna rapport beskriver utvecklingen av ett system för att växla mellan olika RFID-antenner som skall användas av projektet ?Digital Djurpark?.Systemet ansluts till en RFID-läsare(aktiveringssändare och ID-mottagare) och sex antenner.Det är möjligt att manuellt välja vilken antenn som skall vara aktiv(kopplad till RFID-läsaren) eller aktivera systemet automatisk en antenn och efter en tid byter till nästa i turordning.En antenn aktiveras genom att ett relä slår till och låter signalen passera mellan antenn och RFID-läsaren, antennen avaktiveras när relät slår från. För att aktivera och avaktivera en antenn går en signal från kontrollerkortet till en transistor som i sin tur styr relät.Till varje antennutgång finns också en uppsättning om fem kondensatorer, placerade parallellt med antennen, dessa finns för att kunna finjustera resonansfrekvensen då olika antenner kan skilja i induktans.Styrningen av systemet görs av det sen tidigare använda kontrollerkortet, fast med uppdaterad mjukvara. Det har en USB-port för kommunikation med en dator som tar emot ID från den avlästa taggen och kan välja aktiv antenn. Rapporten tar endast upp mjukvaran som behövs för att kunna växla antenn.Ett förslag på antenn tas fram, vilken består av 2,5mm2 kabel lindad i en kvadratisk spole med sidan ca50cm..

Denna rapport beskriver utvecklingen av ett system för att växla mellan olika RFID-antenner som skall användas av projektet ?Digital Djurpark?.Systemet ansluts till en RFID-läsare(aktiveringssändare och ID-mottagare) och sex antenner.Det är möjligt att manuellt välja vilken antenn som skall vara aktiv(kopplad till RFID-läsaren) eller aktivera systemet automatisk en antenn och efter en tid byter till nästa i turordning.En antenn aktiveras genom att ett relä slår till och låter signalen passera mellan antenn och RFID-läsaren, antennen avaktiveras när relät slår från. För att aktivera och avaktivera en antenn går en signal från kontrollerkortet till en transistor som i sin tur styr relät.Till varje antennutgång finns också en uppsättning om fem kondensatorer, placerade parallellt med antennen, dessa finns för att kunna finjustera resonansfrekvensen då olika antenner kan skilja i induktans.Styrningen av systemet görs av det sen tidigare använda kontrollerkortet, fast med uppdaterad mjukvara. Det har en USB-port för kommunikation med en dator som tar emot ID från den avlästa taggen och kan välja aktiv antenn. Rapporten tar endast upp mjukvaran som behövs för att kunna växla antenn.Ett förslag på antenn tas fram, vilken består av 2,5mm2 kabel lindad i en kvadratisk spole med sidan ca50cm..