This study is a part of a Swedish research and development project that is about heat-treated wood and is led by the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Luleå University of Technology. Products that are heat-treated already exists on the market, foremost the Finnish brand ThermoWood®, bur the project group want to find out if it would be possible to start a Swedish production with somewhat different applications than what is common today. The heat-treated wood has many attributes that have changed in the heating process. It becomes more biologically durable, it gains stability in form and dimensions and it becomes darker and looses several unwanted extractives such as resin. Disadvantages that can be mentioned are that the wood becomes fragile and the strength properties changes. My main purpose with this study is to look into customer involvement in the early phase of product development. I also want to find out if the customers I interview think that the product is worth working with, which means start a Swedish production.

Background: The latest development within the business world has been characterized by deregulation and globalization which has made the company bigger and even more influential. The increased power has resulted in a shift of responsibility for the community from the public to the private sector. (Steinholtz och Löhman, 2003) There have been many trends regarding what accountability includes and how financial accounting can be complimented in a useful and reliable way. Some trends have come to stay whilst others have shown to be less successful or the world has not been ready for them. (Larsson, a, 2002) Purpose: The purpose with this paper is to look at the historical development towards accounting for sustainability and to investigate what factors that might have hade an impact on this development.

This paper describes and analyzes how individuals and organizations that operate in careers in communications and marketing deal with the search for employees / employers, and how recruiting managers and recruitment consultants are working to create a match between the parties. The study was conducted on behalf of a recruitment agency that offers services in recruiting and staffing for organizations in communication and marketing. The empirical material consists of ten qualitative interviews from three different perspectives on the labor market, recruitment consultants, managers and employees. The interviews were analyzed from sociological and social psychological theories of organizations and individuals opportunities and strategies in today's western labor market. Conclusions that emerged are that organizations need for decreased amount of tied assets provides increased need for temporary employments.

Operationssjukvård krävs under natten för att säkerställa vården och hjälpa patienter inom rimlig tid.  Operationssjuksköterskan i operationsteamet arbetar tillsammans med opererande läkare med det kirurgiska tillvägagångssättet, samt ansvarar för patientens perioperativa vård. Syftet med denna intervjustudie var att belysa operationssjuksköterskornas upplevelser av att arbeta nattskift på en operationsavdelning. Halvstrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med sex operationssjuksköterskor på ett medelstort sjukhus i Sverige, och efter en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av materialet framkom sex kategorier; Nattens ryggrad ? teamarbetet, Natten ? vårdandets tid, På Natten ? alltid redo, Natten blir till dag, Natten ? tidens tand samt Nattens charm. Studiens resultat speglade operationssjuksköterskornas upplevelser av att teamarbetet utgjorde grunden för ett patientsäkert arbete under nattskiftet samt att operationssjuksköterskorna fick en förbättrad möjlighet att fokusera på omvårdnaden och kommunikationen med patienten under natten.

I denna uppsats behandlas ordföljdsvariationen mellan VSO och VOS i enkla satser i de oceaniska språken samoanska, tonganska och niueanska. En av dessa ordföljder är härledd (deriverad) ur den andra. Denna variation påminner om de syntaktiska fenomenen object shift(objektsflytt) och noun incorporation(nomen-inkorporering). Vid OS har objektet flyttat ur VP, vilket också har hänt i VSO-ordföljden, om denna är deriverad. Vid NI har objektet morfologiskt sammanfogats med verbet, men i vissa språk har objektet endast flyttat till positionen direkt efter verbet, utan att sammanlänkas med detta, vilket också har hänt i VOS-ordföljden, om denna är deriverad.Denna studie är baserad på litteratur som behandlar språk i vilka fenomenen OS eller NI tydligt förekommer, och på litteratur som behandlar oceaniska språk som uppvisar liknande syntaktiska drag.

GPS (Global Positioning system) and GIS (Geographical information system) has been used for planning and inventory in the forest sector for more than ten years. The last years the development has come to equip harvesters and forwarders with GPS and GIS (GIT). The goal with this study was to reach a basis for decision, how Stora Enso Skog should continue its investment in GPS and GIS in harvesters and forwarders. To reach this basis for decision, possible advantages and benefits, disadvantages and problems in the harvesting process was evaluated. The study was made as an interview study with four harvesting managers and ten machine teams. To secure the quality of the results an interview questionnaire was made before the interviews were done. The results showed that GIT will make the harvesting managers work easier.

Denna uppsats handlar om den interna ekonomins uppdelning och arbetsfördelningen av hushållssysslorna i familjer. Vår studie utgår ifrån en enkätundersökning med 40 familjer och 8 djupintervjuer, som visar hur uppdelningen ser ut samt hur familjerna själva ser på sin arbetsfördelning och uppdelning utav deras interna ekonomi. Syftet med undersökningen är att se hur fördelningen ser ut i dagens familjer när det kommer till vem som gör vad i hemmet, vem som betalar för vad och om det finns några samband mellan detta och parens internt relativa inkomst och/eller utbildningsbakgrund. Vi har även ställt frågor till våra informanter om hur de uppfattar sin generations arbetsfördelning och interna ekonomiska uppdelning i jämförelse med deras föräldrageneration. I vår uppsats har vi valt att använda litteratur som handlar om hur familjen och roller inom familjen har förändrats.

Projekt har blivit en allt vanligare arbetsform i dagens organisationer, men trots arbetsformens ökande popularitet inom flera olika sektorer så är det inte ovanligt att problem uppstår i samband med ett projekt. För att erhålla en ökad kontroll över ett projekt har därför sofistikerade projektstyrningsmetoder utvecklats, främst av militära myndigheter i USA. Syftet med denna uppsats var att beskriva hur en av de framtagna metoderna, EVM, kan vara ett verktyg för projektstyrning och hur metoden bör implementeras. Vi har också undersökt vilka problem som kan uppstå vid ett byte av projekstyrningsmetod. För att uppnå syftet med uppsatsen har vi genomfört en omfattande litteraturstudie samt en fallstudie på SSAB Tunnplåt i Luleå.

The aim of this paper is to empirically examine the ideological trends and positioning of the Swedish liberal party with the Danish social liberal party. This paper also aims to analyze the reasons behind the trends. By examine the development in these two Nordic liberal sisterparties, this paper contributes to our understanding of why and how party change is initiated. The paper commences with an intuitive notion that the Swedish party has in fact, made a lurch towards the right, during the past ten to fifteen years while the Danish party has retained their social-liberal position in the centre of the Danish political spectrum. The questions then asked are: can this hypothesis be verified empirically? If so, how can this phenomenon of divergence, be explained?The method used in this thesis is process-tracing and the empirical material does to a large extent rely on interviews with central agents as they are specified in the theory of each party.

Volvo Construction Equipment is a world leading company in construction machinery. Tomaintain the best products, development is prioritized. The master thesis regards sound reductionof the hydraulic system on a wheel loader. The background to the master thesis is asimulation made on the hydraulic system, performed autumn 2005. The result of the simulationshows that the energy of the pressure ripple is reduced when the paralleled hydraulicpumps are phase shifted and reduces each others pump pulsations.

According to Swedish tax legislation, investment funds are taxed differently depending on if the are Swedish or foreign. The difference between the investment funds lies within the taxation of received dividends and the opportunity to shift the liability of tax of received dividends on to the funds shareholders. This measure is only available to Swedish funds. The question in this thesis is whether this difference is discriminatory against foreign investors and therefore constitutes a forbidden restriction against the free movement of capital stated in article 63 EUF Treaty.The European Court of Justice (ECJ) has given several preliminary rulings on this type of legislation and its compatibility with the principle of free movement of capital. It is not compatible with the free movement according to the court.

Denna uppsats är en kort sociolingvistisk studie över finlandssvenskadialekter. En variabel, apokoperade infinitiver (bortfall avinfinitivändelse), analyseras utifrån ett allmänt geografiskt samt ettgenerationsbundet perspektiv. Just nu pågår diskussioner i Finland omhur de finlandssvenska dialekterna bör betraktas i förhållande tillriksspråket i Sverige, och två olika ståndpunkter har så småningomutvecklat sig: vissa anser att de finlandssvenska dialekterna är så passolika riksspråket, att de bör betraktas som dialekter av en varietet försig: finlandssvenskan. Andra har däremot tyckt under årens lopp attfinlandssvenskan skulle betraktas som en varietet av rikssvenskan, ochden finlandssvenska språkvården skulle sträva efter ett närmande motriksspråket. Variabeln anknyts till det dialektala.

A large part of the Namibian low income population lack access to grid distributed electricity. This mean they are effectively shut out from basic functions such as lighting, information technologies and hygienic food handling. Hence, finding ways of providing affordable off-grid electricity is an important, not to say critical, task.This master thesis is an innovation and concept development project that has been carried out in cooperation with organisations in Sweden and Namibia. The purpose of the project has been to (1) develop a concept for off-grid electricity supply in Namibia and (2) to gain a deeper knowledge within the area of innovation and product development for the Base of the Pyramid population, i.e. the poorest, but largest, socio-economic part of the global population.Essential in this project has been to acquire user understanding and to identify user needs to create a foundation for developing the concept.

The main purpose of this thesis has been to investigate librarians opinions about the need for and possibility to use non-roman script in library catalogues. We have also investigated the routines of handling materials in non-roman scripts in two Swedish libraries. The investigation was made in the light of the recent shift in character set in the Swedish National Library Catalogue Libris. This change will enable use of multiple writing systems in the future.Our findings are that a multicultural society requires special consideration to the needs of citizens who speak other languages than the majority of the population. This becomes difficult when the languages spoken have a different writing system than the one used by the majority.

The consumption and energy use in today's society contributes to the on-going climate change that creates a debt of life quality for future generations (www, DN, 2007, a). The resources that are used by humans exceed by far what is sustainable (www, Regeringen, 2007, a). The purpose of this paper is to examine how a message about energy conservation should be designed to reach youths. This will be attempted by showing their thoughts on energy and environmental issues and also what it would take for them to get more involved in these issues. The views of the youths are gained by a number of focus group-interviews, which where carried out in the fall of 2007, with kids in the ages 12 to 19. Apart from these interviews, interviews where also conducted with representatives from different youth organisations in Sweden, which gave their views on how to get a message across to kids.