There are many different ways to control an organisation. In cultural organisations, it has become more common to have several directors working simultaneously. Often, different individuals possess different cultural and economic experience, thus a variety of backgrounds provides a more thorough scope of expertise and knowledge. This type of management is prevalent in the cultural sector.This thesis will research how leaders in cultural institutes work in a dual leadership, ?co-leadership?, when their backgrounds are different.

The purpose of this master thesis has been to explore how Skanska Installation can be organized and managed from a Feedback of experience perspective, and define how an IT solution for knowledge management can be designed by identifying the company's current needs in communications, structural capital and information management.The study follows a deductive approach with a qualitative starting point. Using the literature  studies  the theoretical references were built, which is of great importance when using  a deductive approach.Furthermore the report is based on a case study on two different projects: Herrgården and Nattsländan. With the collected empirical data from the case  study the analysis was carried out with the theoretical framework as a basis. This finally led to the conclusions of the study.The purpose of a communications plan is to show how the communication between employees must be managed to best move the project forward. Emphasis is placed on the formal and informal communication of the company.

SammanfattningUnder 2000-talet har hotet mot miljön och klimatet nått oss med stormsteg och en omställning till ett hållbart samhälle är ett krav och omställningen förväntas bli lång. I ljuset av miljöhotet utvecklas nya investeringssektorer med fokus på att stilla den ökande efterfrågan på produkter och tjänster som minskar miljöpåverkan, en av de mest populära investeringssektorerna med fokus på miljön är Cleantech. Cleantech är en ny investeringskategori som kom till Sverige runt år 2005.Begreppet och investeringskategorin, Cleantech härstammar från USA och organisationen Cleantech Group LLC. Cleantech Group delar upp Cleantech i elva olika segment på följande sätt; (1) Energiproduktion, (2) Energiförvaring, (3) Energiinfrastruktur, (4) Energieffektivitet, (5) Transport, (6) Vatten & Avfallsvatten, (7) Luft & Miljö, (8) Material, (9) Tillverkning/Industriell, (10) Jordbruk, (11) Återvinning & Avfallshantering. För att Cleantech-bolag skall utvecklas så används ofta riskkapital från VC-bolag.

The change of control clause is nowadays a well used covenant in the Eurobond market, with the aims to protect bondholders in case of a leveraged buyout. This thesis intend to evaluate whether the change of control clause is a new phenomenon in the Eurobond market today and to estimate what have been the driven force for the popularity of it. The thesis found that the change of control clause already existed before and thus it is not a new phenomenon. Several factors where found though to explain the extended use of the clause today. Starting in 2005 the LBO activity increased rapidly, exposing almost every company to the risk of LBO.

SammanfattningDet finns i dagsläget för lite riskkapital i Sverige. Det krävs fler insatser som syftar till att forskning kan generera fler företag och det i sin tur skulle bidra till att Sveriges näringsliv samt den offentliga sektorn utvecklas. Finansiering är en nödvändighet i varje företag. VC-bolag är en viktig finansieringskälla för småföretag i startgroparna. Små företag har som regel ingen tur när det gäller lån från banker.

This final thesis is performed on commission of Hargs Bruk Ltd. Hargs Bruk manages one of Sweden?s largest privately owned forests. A main part of the managed forest is situated in Roslagen in eastern Uppland. Since 1934 felling calculations have been performed within the estate every tenth year.

Abstract Cucumber is the second most frequently consumed vegetable after tomatoes, 33 % are eating cucumber every day. The purpose of this work is to examine if there is any product development of cucumber in Sweden, and if so in what way. A questionnaire was used with a number of questions regarding quality, origin, supply and the way cucumbers were used, and the person was also asked to choose between the normal large cucumber and the minicucumbers. This was answered by totally 100 persons in two different stores, ICA Maxi in Löddeköpinge and a discount store with a large supply of fruit and vegetables and where a large share of customers are immigrants, Özen All Frukt in Malmö. The results from questionnaire show that in some of the issues the results vary a lot between the two stores.

This survey was made during the summer of 2004 and the spring of 2005, on commission from the National Board of Forestry. The aim of this report was to investigate how often Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst), is planted on poor Scotch pine (Pinus Silvestries) sites and if it affects the yield of Norway spruce? In order to investigate this, data from 29 stands witch had a lower site index than T24 was collected. The investigated stands were situated in the southern-eastern Sweden. In 20 plots in each stand, the highest tree, age, number of seedlings, site index and tree species per stand were measured.

This report has a purpose to identify the payment methods available for e-commerce, tosee if they fulfill certain requirements. By investigating thirty of the most popular webshops, a few primary services have been found and revised. Security requirements fore-payment systems include authentication, non-repudiation, integrity and confidentiality.Other requirements considered to be important are usability, flexibility, affordability,reliability, availability, speed of transaction and interoperability. Advantages and disadvantageshave been identified to see if the services fulfill the requirements. Also surveysof consumer payment habits have been investigated to identify the factors of decisive importanceto the usage of payment services.

In this study we examine trade patterns between Turkey and 13 member states of the European Union and how these have developed over the time period of 1983 ? 2006. To represent the industrial and agricultural goods included in the study we look at the United Nations Standard International Trade Classification (SITC). Following, we investigate internal differences in the EU by selecting four countries each to represent the Northern and Southern countries of the EU. Internal differences were studied in relation to the amount of trade occurring between Turkey and the Northern and Southern countries.

Problem: How has Nordea been adapted and influenced by the change of Basel II and how have the employees reacted on the new change?Purpose: This essay has a purpose to study how Basel II has influenced the credit rating at Nordea. We also want to study how the employees have reacted to the new change.Method: To receive the information that was necessary for this study interviews were performed with the employees at Nordea. The interviews were an effective way to start a discussion and by that we received important information.Basel II is new capital cover rules that the Swedish banks have introduced. These new rules mean that it will become more important with safety when it comes to risk management and credit giving.

This report presents an investment calculation based on an assumed initial investment of a new saw line to an existing sawmill. In order to get as close to reality as possible, we have received data material from northern forest owners who recently made an initial investment in their sawmill in Kåge. In order to calculate and evaluate investments are several different methods, but we, we have chosen to use the discounted cash flow method. The method sums up with the help of a fixed cost of capital together with any future costs and revenues, thereby giving a present value of the investment. We also do a sensitivity analysis to examine how selected factors affect the investment research they change. The study is carried out to a fictitious investment, and therefore the result should not only be studied as a result of the figures. The purpose of this study was that with the help of an investment calculation studying the profitability of a hypothetical investment, and by means of a sensitivity analysis to study the sensitivity of investment to changes. The result demonstrates that the calculations according to the present value method requires a lot of information of the prospective investment.

Title: Share anything Swedish ? a study of CommunityOfSweden.com (Share anything Swedish ? en studie av CommunityOfSweden.com).Number of pages: 57 (64 including attachments).Author: Daniela Brandel.Tutor: Else Nygren.Course: Media and Communication Studies C.Period: Fall 2008.University: Division of Media and Communication, Department of Information Science, Uppsala University.Purposes/Aims: To learn what happens when the public-private tourism organisation VisitSweden starts an online community, where anyone is free to post stories and photos about a Swedish experience, and to understand how a participatory culture can help an organisation develop relevant material and thereby reach a wider audience.Material/Method: The study is an analysis of VisitSweden's community CommunityOfSweden, its structures as well as VisitSweden's use of the information posted by the readers on the community. Hence the material consists mainly of content from the community www.communityofsweden.com and the webpage www.visitsweden.com. In addition, the study is also based on an interview with VisitSwedens communitydriver Tommy Sollén.Main results: Members of CommunityOfSweden help VisitSweden to promote Sweden. This is possible because the community posting format and the participatory culture within the community are well designed and planned by VisitSweden, even though the organisation was not completely sure about the outcome.

Property companies? results are affected by unrealized changes in value of properties. Since market values are never completely reliable there is always a risk with revaluation with property´s value. The fair value is determined only when a sale is completed. The paper studies how well the Swedish listed property companies reported under the accounting standard, IAS 40.

Title: Migration and Labor Market Integration ? the German Reunification Since the German reunification former East Germany has been struggling with rising unemployment numbers and extensive emigration. The East German Länder are still well behind the West German and even though Germany unquestionably is united politically the old border divides the economy ? and the labor market ? in two. This thesis aims to describe the reunification process of the East German and the West German labor markets, and in particular the role of migration in this process.