This thesis consists of four case studies. The objective is to find out how to get a well functioning cow traffic in an automatic milking system. Different technical and building solutions are analysed and some adjustments are proposed for the DeLaval herd management software. Case study 1: Lactation chart comparison from traditional cow traffic and Feed First? cow traffic Case study 2: Farm A - a study of the precedence passage and the cow traffic Case study 3: Farm B ? an overview of the farm and their way of working Case study 4: Key factors ? how can we judge how well a VMS farm is working? Case study 1: Lactation chart comparison from traditional cow traffic and Feed First? cow traffic In this survey data is analysed from before and after rebuilding to Feed First? cow traffic. Lactation graphs are compared between traditional cow traffic and Feed First? cow traffic.

Wildlife contributes with many benefits to humans but also brings economic costs. From being eradicated in Scandinavia the grey wolf (Canis lupus) is returning to South-Western Sweden and people are not used to its presence. In Scandinavia carnivores have to co-occur with humans in a landscape used for many different interests. Consequences of wolf establishments are e.g. competition for moose, depredation on sheep and attacks on hunting dogs.

Aim Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire 2007 (DCDQ'07) is an international survey tool based on parents' estimation of their child's motor coordination skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of a Swedish version of DCDQ'07 by finding out how the classification of Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) via DCDQ'07 is consistent with the classification of DCD via the motor impairment test, Movement ABC.MethodIn the context of a larger study, a Swedish translated version of the parent survey DCDQ'07 were sent to 4000 randomly selected families with children aged 8 - 10 years in Stockholm County. The classifications "DCD" or "NOT DCD" with cut-off values ??of 56 (9 years) and 57 (10 years) were applied. Forty families were selected from 410 registered responses.

Earlier attempts at mechanising pre-commercial thinning have been met with varying degrees of success. Most attempts have been based on techniques where residual stems are straddled. Early treatment is essential to limit damage on residual trees. One part of the present study is an evaluation of mechanised pre-commercial thinning using the new Vimek 404R. Vimek 404R is a fairly small machine that permits selective removal of stems, making it potentially suitable also for areas overdue for pre-commercial thinning. The study established the level of performance for the machine, as well as the improvement needed to make it an economically viable option.

This study is made on assignment by the local board of forestry in Skåne, Blekinge and Halland. The change of the forest law 1994 brought a new type of management plan. A more active planning was introduced in order to equate the environment goal with the production goal. The purpose with this study is to give a better picture of how planning for nature conservation in production forest is made and to develop support for selection of silviculture methods for stands with combined goals. With combined goals means production forestry with a reinforced consideration to both nature and culture, called PF-classified stands. This was done by: ? Describing silviculture models from the literature that are possible to use for stands with combined goals. ? Describing silviculture models that is used in practice in stands with combined goals. ? Describing how the classification of stands with combined goals is used. Which means, were in the terrain, with which frequency and in which type of forest PF-classification is used. ? Comparing differences and similarities of theoretical and practical used models. The study was done partly as a literature study and partly as an interview study of forest planners.

The forests in the unique archipelago of the Baltic Sea is housing many and high values. For the resident population, which has a central role in sustaining a living archipelago, the forest can contribute to the outcome. The forest also contributes to turn the archipelago into one of Sweden?s most attractive recreational areas. Furthermore, these forests exhibit very high environmental values, and they are an element in the traditional cultural landscape.

Det finns tre arter zebror i världen ? stäppzebra, bergszebra och Grevyzebra. Bergszebran och stäppzebran har dessutom en del underarter. Grantzebran är en underart av stäppzebra som lever i östra Afrika, bl.a. i Kenya.

Från att ha varit helt utrotade i Sverige har vargen återigen funnit vägar in i landet och etablerat en ny svensk vargstam. Vargangrepp på får blir ett allt större problem i och med det växande antalet vargar i Sverige. Problemen mellan människa och varg har påverkats av historiska och ekonomiska händelser. Den främsta orsaken till att konflikt uppstår mellan människa och varg är vargarnas predation på människans tamdjur. I en litteraturstudie har vi sammanställt vilka metoder som finns att tillgå och som fårägare använda sig av för att förhindra vargangrepp på får. Vilken metod som används beror bland annat på fårbesättningens storlek, betesmarkens storlek samt betesmarkens utseende men även vargtätheten i området. Några metoder som används för att förebygga vargattacker på får är bland annat olika sorters stängsel, boskapsvaktande hundar, ökad tillsyn, skyddshalsband samt sambete med nötkreatur eller annan art såsom häst och lama.

The purposes of this study were to estimate genetic and phenotypic parameters for conformation traits in Swedish Ardenner, a heavy draught horse, and to investigate the inbreeding status of the population. Additionally, a breeding scheme proposal was created, based on the results achieved in the study. The data studied were obtained from the Swedish Horse Board and from the Swedish Ardenner Association. The data included 1632 three-year-old horses, mainly mares, and 356 stallions, judged between 1986 and 2005 at conformation shows. The traits studied were type, head-neck-body, legs, walk and trot at hand, total score and height at withers.

Burkina Faso as well as most sub-Saharan African countries struggle with providing food for a fast growing population. The dominating farming system is agroforestry parklands. Agroforestry parklands can broadly be defined as areas where scattered trees occur on farmlands as a result of selective clearing. The presence of trees in crop fields may in the long term have a positive effect on the production of annual crops. It is commonly discussed, but not proven, that the presence of trees leads to increased groundwater recharge due to higher infiltration capacity of the soil.

Since the first wolf was taken as a companion animal a lot have happened with the biology of these animals. Is it possible that changes in the gut microbiota of the domestic dog are involved in the increasing numbers of animals with gastrointestinal disorders? Probiotics have been proven to promote the immune system of dogs by increasing concentrations of neutrophils and monocytes, decreasing the fragility of erythrocytes and increasing the serum IgG concentrations. Probiotics have also been shown to improve the fecal consistency, fecal dry matter and defecation frequency of dogs. The aim of this study was to find out if the bacterial counts in the gut of dogs differed from the gut of wolves, with the focus on lactobacilli.

Diabetes mellitus is a rising epidemic throughout the world and there is currently great interest in quantifying the beta-cell mass (BCM) in vivo non-invasively. In the present experiment, the feasibility of in vivo imaging of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) in beta-cells was examined, using the positron emission tomography (PET) tracer [68Ga]Ga-DO3A-VS-Cys40-exendin-4 as a marker, in native pancreatic beta-cells of a porcine diabetic animal model and healthy controls. Eight Swedish high-health domestic pigs were randomly assigned to be either controls or made diabetic using streptozotocin (STZ). The experiment proceeded during eight weeks, starting with an acclimatisation period. Once the pigs had been socialised they underwent surgery for the insertion of a jugular vein catheter, allowing induction of diabetes with STZ, intravenous (i.v.) injections and stress-free blood sampling. Development of diabetes was confirmed by clinical examinations, blood glucose values and insulin-staining of pancreatic sections post mortem. The diabetic pigs were insulin treated and responded well.

Renen är ett hjortdjur som i Sverige ägs och sköts av samer organiserade i samebyar. För det mesta går renarna fritt och livnär sig på naturligt bete, men samlas ihop vid särskilda tillfällen för exempelvis märkning och slakt. Rennäringen idag är hårt pressad av rovdjurrelaterade förluster i renhjordarna. Detta examensarbete är en del av ett pågående projekt som handlar om björnens predation på renar och åtgärder för att skydda renkalvar från björnpredation under deras första levnadsveckor. I början av april 2013 togs totalt cirka 2000 vajor från två skogssamebyar in i fyra olika hägn för att skydda renarna mot rovdjursangrepp under kalvningsperioden. Genom att förse 937 kalvar med en mortalitetssändare vid utsläpp ur hägnen i början av juni kunde kalvdödligheten följas även under sommarbetesperioden.

FriFormFramställning är en additiv tillverkningsteknik, vilken innebär att detaljen byggs upp lager för lager, genom att material successivt tillförs. En vanlig tillämpning av denna metod är tillverkning av prototyper i plast. Metoden har blivit populär främst tack vare dess möjlighet att reducera ledtiden. Teknikens förmåga att skapa komplexa geometrier, vilka inte alltid kan tillverkas med klassisk tillverkning som bygger på svarv- och fräsoperationer, har också bidragit till dess popularitet. Det finns klara fördelar för företag att använda prototyper i sin tillverkning.

People have utilised and influenced the boreal forest for many centuries. Prior to the industrial revolution during the 19th century, however, human use primarily only had a low impact on the forest. When the timberfrontier swept over the country, the Swedish forests came to change for ever. The study site for this thesis is situated in the northern part of the county of Västerbotten, Sweden, and has previously been a National forest. Today the area is an ecopark and the land is owned by the forest company Sveaskog.