Föreliggande kandidatarbete har till syfte att undersöka fenomenet Webskrapning. Webbskrapnings-program (också kända som Web Wanderers, Crawlers, Spiders eller skrapare) är program som söker igenom webben automatiskt för att extrahera information från webbsidor. Ett exempel på web skrapning är när ett företag samlar in data om prissättningar på en vara eller en tjänst och sen använder informationen för att producera billigare erbjudanden. Detta ger företaget en fördel så att de kan fokusera mera på att marknadsföra sin sida/tjänster. Utöver detta så blir de utsatta företagens servrar också hårt belastade med trafik (skrapning) från ?icke kunder?. Efter att ha genomsökt både akademiska och allmänna källor via informationsinsamling, av denna information så dras slutsatsen att man inte fullt ut kan hindra skrapning av hemsidor. Detta på samma sätt som man inte fullt ut kan hindra någon IT-attack, det finns inga 100 % vattentäta system.

The aim of this Master?s thesis is to examine how health information is integrated into knowledge in an everyday health related context on the web. The more specific aim is, from a LIS point of view, to map knowledge related discourses with the focus on pregnancy, in discussion forums on Swedish health related web sites. The following main questions in this paper are: (1) a) What discourses on pregnancy knowledge can be found and b) how are they expressed? (2) What are the functions of the recognised discourses? and (3) what are the relations between the identified discourses? The theoretical and methodological starting-point is discourse theory with the main focus on discursive psychology according to Wetherell?s and Potter?s theoretical and empirical work.

The production costs have steadily increased within the construction industry during the 21st century. Voices are raised meaning that the construction industry is too unsuccessful in making the production more efficient and to develop it?s way of working. One way to deal with the production costs is to minimise the waste, with waste meaning activities that doesn?t add value to the finished product.

Abstract/Sammanfattning Syftet med detta arbete är att med en narratologisk metod undersöka hur femininitet och maskulinitet representeras i relation till våld i serien Firefly och filmen Serenity. Detta görs med fokus på huvudkaraktärerna Malcolm ?Mal? Reynolds och River Tam. Som teoretisk grund används teorier om och kring representation, stereotyper, genussystemet, samt maskulinitet och våld. Våldet undersöks utifrån tre aspekter, hur karaktärerna utsätts för våld, hur de använder sig av våld och vilka motiven är i deras våldsutövande.

The main purpose of this thesis is to examine how the European Union through the Directorate- General (DG) of Education and Culture, are calling forth a constructed sense of European identity amongst the citizens of the Union.It is a discourse analysis, which can be described in twofold. Firstly, it is a mapping of the European discourse; i.e. how the European Union defines the identity it seeks to mobilise. Secondly, it examines whether or not there are similarities in the European discourse of identity and the traditional nation-building discourse of national identity.According to this thesis a European identity is articulated in cultural terms, whereby its members are said to share the same values and a common cultural heritage.To bring the people of Europe closer together and to deepen awareness of their "common" history, the European Union encourages all manner of meetings and exchange schemes between Europeans. Although its goal is to develop a feeling of belonging to a shared culture, the EU is also keen to preserve the specific aspects of Europe's many cultures.

Insurance terms always go with the insurance contract that you sign. In theseterms the assurers rights and obligations towards the insurer are stipulated. It is often difficult to interpret these insurance terms. Sometimes it is hard to decide whether an incident is considered an insurance event or not. These problems often cause disputes between the assurer and the insurer.

The aim of the project is to develop a tool for a management system at the advertising agency ofConfetti. The company has during a longer period of time felt a need of introducing a quality and environmentalsystem but have a lack in resources of knowledge, time and money. Their goal is to have aconcrete documentation which describes their quality policy and the function of the activity.The work has been performed by mapping and analyzing the processes of the company according tothe process model with focus on one pilot process. New routines have been developed and documentedin a management system.Confetti would like their management system to fulfil the ISO-standard so that they eventually inthe future can be certified. Therefore a literature study has been done according to management systemsand standards.

Using a feministic perspective and a critical approach, my purpose is to discuss bibliographic classification, a central aspect of Library and Information Science. More specifically, my aim is to demonstrate the norms and the dominating thoughts regarding the organization and representation of knowledge, subjects, and social categories in classification systems. I review previous research involving critical approaches to classification. These show that classification systems are a reflection of the context in which they are created, with the result that universal assumptions can be questioned. Some studies also present problems inherent in hierarchical structures.

AbstractMedia presents hate crimes and nationalism as phenomenon that has increased both internationally and nationally in recent years. Further media largely pair these phenomenon together. The groups mostly exposed to hate and nationalism are people of different ethnic origin and LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bi, trans and queer) people. In Sweden's general election in 2010 a RHP-party, Sweden Democrats, made it in to Parliament. The purpose of this study was to examine how hate crimes and nationalism, in the form of the Sweden Democrats, has increased in Sweden and if there was any link between them.

The aim of this thesis is to compare the effectivity of using a natural language and a controlled vocabulary when performing subject searches in the bibliographic database LISA Library and Information Science Abstracts. 20 topics were created and for each topic two searches were made, one by using a query formulated with natural language directed to the abstract field and the other one by using a query formulated with descriptors from the thesaurus in LISA directed to the descriptor field. The average relative recall amounted to 64,8% for the AB-queries and 54% for the DE-queries. Failure analysis showed that the majority of the relevant documents not retrieved by AB-queries could have been retrieved with other query terms, such as synonyms. In a natural language there are many different ways of expressing a topic, and this tends to have a negative effect on retrieval effectivity.

Detta kandidatarbete utreder hur väl två operativsystems inbyggda brandväggar fungerar i symbios med en användares vanligaste tjänsteutnyttjande på Internet, samt att se hur likartade de är i sitt skydd från hot. De två operativsystemen som vi utgick ifrån var Microsoft Windows XP samt Red Hat Linux 8.0. Den hypotes vi arbetat kring lyder enligt följande: De två inbyggda brandväggarna är i stort likartade rörande skydd från hot på Internet och uppfyller användarnas tjänsteutnyttjande. De metoder vi använt, för att svara på vår frågeställning, har delats upp i ett funktionalitetstest och ett säkerhetstest. I funktionalitetstestet provades de vanligaste Internettjänsterna med den inbyggda brandväggen och ifall det uppstod några komplikationer eller ej. De två inbyggda brandväggarna genom gick i säkerhetstestet skannings- och svaghetskontroll via ett flertal verktyg. Genom resultatet kan vi konstatera att de inbyggda brandväggarna klarar av de vanligaste tjänsterna på Internet, men att en skillnad föreligger hos dem vad gäller exponeringen ut mot Internet.

Dagens samhälle strävar efter allt fler miljövänliga lösningar på energiförsörjning. Alla letar efter nya miljövänliga energikällor, men detta arbete går långsamt framåt samtidigt som behovet av energi ständigt ökar. Det är därför viktigt att man vidareutvecklar de miljövänliga lösningar som redan finns, så att de i så stor grad som möjligt täcker det ständigt ökade behovet. Fjärrvärme är ett kostnadseffektivt och miljövänligt alternativ som täcker en stor del av det behov av värme och varmvatten som finns inom både bostäder och industrier. Fjärrvärme har funnits i Sverige sen slutet på fyrtiotalet och har sedan dess vuxit, och täcker idag cirka 40 % av värmemarknaden i Sverige. Vi har i detta projekt studerat de system som idag används för övervakning och styrning av fjärrvärmenät. Vi har även satt oss in i hur det stora Absinthe-projektet ska göra energiproduktionen mer effektiv. Vår rapport är en del av forskningsprojektet Absinthe vars grundidé är att med hjälp av agentteknologi förbättra kontroll och övervakning av fjärrvärmenät. Vi har studerat de möjliga användarna av Absinthe-systemet, och utifrån deras behov och Absinthe-projektets grundtankar utvecklat ett användargränssnitt..

This essay deals with risk management and social risks, which have received increased attentionin recent years. Methods for dealing with social risks, for example within local Risk andvulnerability assessment (RSA), are currently under development. The purpose of this paper is toexamine if and how social risk can be quantitatively assessed and mapped using GeographicInformation Systems (GIS). The definition of social risk that the essay is based on states: "Theprobability of unwanted events, behaviors or conditions originating in the social conditions thathave a negative impact on the objects that are worth to preserve.? A number of social riskindicators that can be used for a spatial analysis have been operationalized based on thisdefinition.

Context. In today?s society we use smart cards in many areas, NFC is a smart card technology that allows contactless interaction between a reader and the tag, the tag is often in the form of a card. NFC can be used for various payment methods or as access card to a building which makes life easier. In previous studies, the technique has proven to be weak to attacks using an NFC reader connected to a computer.

The aim of this paper is to map out the purposes of the United Nations Peacekeeping Operations. This is done in order to see if humanitarian tendencies have been an increasingly cause for the UN to initiate an intervention with military means. This paper uses the time period from the end of the cold war until today, since that historic occurrence increased the U.N.?s involvement in peacekeeping. By using this time span it enables the survey to indicate changes in the mapping of humanitarian interventions.